Abay Qúnanbaev qazaq әdebiyetindegi, jalpy qazaq ruhaniyatyndaghy bolmysy bólek dara túlgha. Abay aqyn ghana emes, hakim túlgha. Ol kóp qalamgerler sekildi ómirding bar bolmysy men shyndyghyn kórkem beynelep qoymen shektelmegen, óz shygharmashylyghy arqyly ózindik tanymyn, adamgershilik ilimin jasaghan oishyl aqyn. Ol ólenderi men qarasózderinde oqyrmanyna «adam bol» dep qana qoymay, sol adam boludyn, adamgershilikting qalybyn, ilimin jasaghan oishyl aqyn. Ol ózine deyingi tanymy men tórkini tereng adamgershilik ilimimen tanys bolghan. Óitkeni onyng úzaq izdenispen, treninen tolghatyp tapqan tolyq adam tanymy sonau Sokrat, Platon, Aristoteli zamanynan irgesi qalana bastaghan irgeli ilimmen sabaqtasady. Búrynghy-songhy oishyldar adam bolmysy, onyng ózindik mәni, artyqsha qasiyeti jóninde kóp tolghanghan. Ystyq qayrat, núrly aqyl, jyly jýrek – ýsheuinen túratyn Abaydyng tolyq adam tanymy Aristoteli, Ál-Faraby negizdegen aqyl, jan, tәnnen túratyn adam bolmysyn oigha oraltady. Adam bolmysyn osy ýsheuinsiz ya ýsheuining birinsiz elestetu mýmkin emes. Tәn Abaydyng ózi jazghanday, jangha baspana bolu ýshin qajet, tәnsiz jan ózining jasampazdyq qyzmetin atqara almay qalady. Al jany bar tәn, dene әli adam emes, jan-januar, jәndikter dengeyindegi bolmys qana. Jan men tәnge aqyl qosylghanda ghana adam bolmysy payda bolady.

Abay Qúnanbaev qazaq әdebiyetindegi, jalpy qazaq ruhaniyatyndaghy bolmysy bólek dara túlgha. Abay aqyn ghana emes, hakim túlgha. Ol kóp qalamgerler sekildi ómirding bar bolmysy men shyndyghyn kórkem beynelep qoymen shektelmegen, óz shygharmashylyghy arqyly ózindik tanymyn, adamgershilik ilimin jasaghan oishyl aqyn. Ol ólenderi men qarasózderinde oqyrmanyna «adam bol» dep qana qoymay, sol adam boludyn, adamgershilikting qalybyn, ilimin jasaghan oishyl aqyn. Ol ózine deyingi tanymy men tórkini tereng adamgershilik ilimimen tanys bolghan. Óitkeni onyng úzaq izdenispen, treninen tolghatyp tapqan tolyq adam tanymy sonau Sokrat, Platon, Aristoteli zamanynan irgesi qalana bastaghan irgeli ilimmen sabaqtasady. Búrynghy-songhy oishyldar adam bolmysy, onyng ózindik mәni, artyqsha qasiyeti jóninde kóp tolghanghan. Ystyq qayrat, núrly aqyl, jyly jýrek – ýsheuinen túratyn Abaydyng tolyq adam tanymy Aristoteli, Ál-Faraby negizdegen aqyl, jan, tәnnen túratyn adam bolmysyn oigha oraltady. Adam bolmysyn osy ýsheuinsiz ya ýsheuining birinsiz elestetu mýmkin emes. Tәn Abaydyng ózi jazghanday, jangha baspana bolu ýshin qajet, tәnsiz jan ózining jasampazdyq qyzmetin atqara almay qalady. Al jany bar tәn, dene әli adam emes, jan-januar, jәndikter dengeyindegi bolmys qana. Jan men tәnge aqyl qosylghanda ghana adam bolmysy payda bolady. Yaghny aqyl, qayrat, jýrek nemese aqyl, jan, tәn – ýsheuimen adam bolmysy týgel, tolyq bolady. Tәni men jany bar aiuannan adamdy biyik etetin – aqyly. Sóitip Abay óz ólenderi men qarasózderin kóp izdenip, kóp tolghanyp, bayyrghy tórkininen tartyp oily, tamyrly, tereng tuyndy etip jazghan. Nәtiyjesinde tolyq adam, jәuәnmәrtlik, imanigýl tanymdaryn jaryqqa shyghardy. Abaydaghy búl irgeli tanymdar әdebiyettanu ghylymynda kórnekti ghalym M.Myrzahmetúlynyn  zertteuleri arqyly tanylyp keledi. Ghalym enbegining jalghasynday bolyp, onyng shәkirti Maqsat Áliphannyng «Qazaq әdebiyetindegi adamgershilik ilimi» atty zertteu enbegi jaqynda ghana Abay atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq pedagogikalyq uniyversiytetining «Úlaghat» baspasynan basylyp jaryq kórdi. Qúrylghanyna biyl 5 jyl tolyp otyrghan «Abaytanu» ghylymiy-zertteu ortalyghy Hakim Abaydyng últtyq qúndylyqtan bastau alghan danalyghyn zerttep ghana qoymay, jana zaman talabyna say orta jәne joghary oqu oryndaryna arnalghan «Abaytanu» pәnin dayyndaumen de shúghyldanyp keledi. Ghylymy ortalyqqa abaytanushy ghalym-pedagogtar shoghyrlanghan. Solardyng biri,  kitaptyng avtory M.Áliphan osy uniyversiytettegi «Abaytanu» ghylymiy-zertteu ortalyghynyng agha ghylymy qyzmetkeri, filologiya ghylymdarynyng kandidaty, dosent. Abay men Jýsip Balasaghún shygharmashylyghyndaghy sabaqtastyq mәselesi jóninde kandidattyq dissertasiya qorghaghan. J.Balasaghún, A.Iasaui, Abay, Shәkәrim shygharmalaryndaghy adamgershilik ilimi jóninde tanymy tereng maqalalar jariyalap jýrgen ghalym. Onyng býginde jaryq kórip otyrghan «Qazaq әdebiyetindegi adamgershilik ilimi» atty zertteu enbegin ghylymdaghy ýlken bir beles, tanymdyq mәni zor janalyqty tuyndy dep bilemiz. Zertteu enbegining kólemi – 27 baspa tabaq.

         Zertteu enbegi bes taraudan túrady. Kirispe bóliminde zertteuding mәn-manyzy, kókeykestiligi men janalyghy aitylyp, adamgershilik ilimine janasatyn enbekterge saralau jasalghan. Keyingi bes tarauda aitylar oi-tolghamdardyng óreli de irgeli mәselelerge arnalatyny osy kirispeden-aq kórinip bayqalyp túrady. Ghalym adam bolu men adamgershilikting adamzat ómiri men bolmysyndaghy orny men mәn-manyzyn absolutti aqiqatyna jetkize tanytugha tyrysqan. Onyng oiynsha, adamzat oishyldarynyng әr-әr kezen, dәuirlerde aitylyp jýrgen tújyrymdarynyng týpki týiini, temirqazyghy – Aristoteli jasaghan qorytyndy. Al Aristoteliding pikirinshe, eng basty mәsele, eng biyik iygilik, qasiyetti qúndylyq – izgilik pen qayyrymdylyq. Búlar – adamgershilikting ózegi men ózi. Ózining ghana qamyn jeu ózimshil, qayyrymsyz adamdar men jan-januar, jәndik, qús ataulylargha tәn bolsa, ózgege jaqsylyq, qayyrym jasay bilu – adamdyqtyng belgisi. Demek adam bolu qayyrymdy bolu arqyly keledi eken. Osy orayda Aristoteliding avtor sýiengen, tirek etken pikiri talassyz aqiqat, eng basty mәsele, eng biyik iygilik, qasiyetti qúndylyq – qayyrymdylyq. Al qayyrymdylyq pen adamgershilik egiz, birinsiz birining bar boluy, bolmysqa ainaluy mýmkin emes. Ár nәrse de ózining mәnimen, ózindik qasiyetimen qadirli, qúndy әri bar bola alady. Yaghny adam ózining mәni, qasiyeti – adamgershiligimen, qayyrymdylyghymen qadirli әri abzal  bolmaq. Avtordyng kirispe bólimde osy mәseleni negizdep, bekitip, tanytyp aluynyng jóni bar. Óitkeni aldaghy taraularda keninen taldanyp tanylatyn adamgershilik úghymy men ilimining mәn-mazmúny osy kirispede aiqyndalyp alynady.

         Adamzat balasy shyr etip dýnie esigin ashqannan әueli auany, odan qorekti, keyin kiyimdi, esi kire kele aqyl-oy, bilimdi, dýniye, mansapty, taghy basqa ózi qajet etip tútynatyn әr týrli iygilikterdi izdeumen bolady. Adam ómiri әr týrli arnayy tandap alynghan iygiliktersiz jalghasa almaydy. Óitkeni Alla ghana eshnәrsege múqtaj emes, adamzat balasy materialdyq, ruhany iygiliktersiz ómir sýre almaydy. Osy orayda adamzat balasy Abay aitatyn jan qalauy, tәn qalauymen týrli-týrli iygilikterdi qajet etu, tútynu, iyelenu әreketimen ómir sýredi. Al adamnyng qalauyna erik berer bolsaq, onday iygilikter jýzdep sanalady. Mәsele ómirdi mәndi, adamdy abzal, abyroyly etetin iygilikti tanyp, tandap, sol ondy, jóndi iygilikpen ómir sýre bilude. M.Áliphan ózi qarastyryp otyrghan adamgershilik ilimining artyqsha manyzyn Aristoteliding iygilikter turaly pikirimen  bekite týsedi. Aristoteli adamzat balasynyng qajet etip tútynatyn kóptegen iygilikterin jinaqtap ýsh-aq topqa bóledi. Bir ereksheligi, Aristoteliding iygilikterdi jangha qatysty jәne tәnge qatysty dep jýieleui Abaydyng jan qalauymen, tәn qalauy turaly irgeli oiyna negiz bolghangha úqsaydy. Sóitip Aristoteli iygilikterdi jangha qatysty, tәnge qatysty jәne syrtqy iygilikter dep ýsh topqa bóledi. Jangha qatysty iygilikterge Aristoteli aqyl men qayyrymdylyqty jatqyzady da, tamaq, kiyim, baylyq, mansap, ataq-danq t.b. sekildi ózge eki topqa kiretin iygilikterdi aqyldylyq pen qayyrymdylyqqa jetkizer baspaldaq, kómekshi sanaydy әri jangha qatysty aqyl men qayyrymdylyqty barsha iygilikterding ishindegi eng abzaly, eng biyigi, eng qadirlisi dep biledi. Al aqyl men qayyrymdylyqtyng adamdyq bolmys pen adamgershilikti jasaytyny belgili. Adamnyng dilin, bolmysyn qúraytyn aqyl men qayyrymdylyqtan ózgelerding bәri de qosymsha, janama týrde qajet bolghanymen, adamnyng bolmysy men qasiyetin tanytatyn adamgershiligin qalyptastyra almaydy. M.Áliphan osylaysha kirispe bóliminde adamgershilikting eng әueli qayyrymdylyq, al qayyrymdylyqtyng qasiyetti qúndylyq ekenin aiqynday bekitip alady da, adamgershilikti taqyryptyq túrghyda emes, ilimdik jaghynan jyrlaugha ýles qosqan birshama enbekterge syny әri tanymdyq túrghydan saralau jasaydy. Ári әdeby zertteuding filosofiyalyq mazmúngha auynqyrap ketuining de sebep, syryn izdeydi. Bilikti ghalymdar tújyrymyna sýiene otyryp aqiqatty, adamgershilikti aituda, tanytuda filosofiya men әdebiyetting bir arnadan tabylatynyn, filosofiyadaghy moralidyq mazmúnnyng әdebiyette kórkemdik stilimen beriletinin negizdep alady. Avtor filosofiyalyq mәselening әdebiyet arqyly aityluynyng ereksheligine de nazar audarady. Shyghysta pәlsapalyq oilar arnayy filosofiyalyq traktattardan góri «filosofiyalyq emes» (M.Orynbekov) sipattaghy shygharmalarda kóbirek kórinis tapqanyn negizge alyp, qazaq әdebiyetindegi adamgershilikti sóz etuding zandy әri oryndy ekenin atap ótedi. Osy túrghydan kelgende avtordyng filosofiyadaghy adam mәselesi, morali, etika qaghidalaryn J.Balasaghúndaghy jәuәnmәrtlik, A.Iasauiydegi hal ilimi, Abaydaghy tolyq adam tanymy, Shәkәrimdegi ar bilimi, újdan anyghy arqyly qarastyruyna jol ashylady. Sóitse de M.Áliphan әli de aqyndar shygharmalaryndaghy adamgershilik ilimining kórinis tabuyn qarastyrugha kóship ketpey, alghashqy tarauda adamgershilik ilimining tórkini jóninde oy órbitedi. Búl alghashqy tarauda adamgershilik ilimining úghymy, qalyptasuy, әr týrli oishyldar enbekterinde jalghastyq tapqany arghy tórkin-tegi, mol mazmún, tereng tanymymen qarastyrylghan. Avtordyng ózi týiindegen tújyrymdary qatarynda atap ótkenindey, zertteu enbegining alghashqy tarauynda mynaday keleli mәseleler talqygha salynady:

• Qazaq aqyndarynda jii әri jýieli jyrlanghan adamgershilik taqyryby – әr jyldar oishyldaryn tolghandyrghan tamyrly da dәstýrli ilim;
• Adamgershilik – adamzat úmtylatyn eng jogharghy iygilik әri týpki maqsat;
• Adamgershilikting mәni men ózegi, bastauy men tórkini – qayyrymdylyq;
• Qayyrymdylyq – jan jaghdayy men densaulyghy, jannyng ózine jayly jaqsy hali;
• Adam bolu men adamgershilik múraty adamzattyng qospa bolmysyna baylanysty tuyndaytyn tandau erkinen bastalyp, jetilu jolymen jalghasady;

M.Áliphan atalghan mәsele, tújyrymdardy Aristoteli, Plotiyn, Ál- Farabi, ibn-Sina enbekteri negizinde taldap qarastyrghan. Búl taraudyng mazmún, tanymy tym tereng әri auqymdy ekenin aitugha tiyispiz. Mәselen adamzat qauymynda kiyeli, qasiyetti sanalatyn qút-bereke, baqyt úghymy Aristoteli pikirinshe, qayyrymdylyq, adamgershilik ilimimen tabysady: «Dlya schastiya je glavnoe – deyatelinosty soobrazno dobrodeteli, a protivopolojnye deyatelinosty – dlya protivopolojnogo schastiu». Yaghny Aristoteli Baqyt kiltin – qayyrymdylyq dep biledi. Ghúlamanyng oiynsha, qayyrymdy, adamgershilikti bolu adamdardy Baqytqa jetkizedi. M.Áliphan adam bolmysy, onyng mәni, ereksheligi turaly irgeli mәselelerdi ataqty oishyldar pikirimen negizdep, bekitip otyrady. Mysaly, adam bolmysyna qatysty Plotinning myna oiyn terendey tanugha tyryssaq, ózge tirshilik iyelerinen adamnyng artyqshylyghy aiqyndala týser edi: «My vedi, v sushnosti, toje jivotnye, po krayney mere, v osnovnom, hotya v nas y prisutstvuet nechto vysshee, chto ne vhodit v sostav prochih jivyh organizmov». M.Áliphan jazghanday, Plotinning « nechto vysshee» degeni jannyng aqyldy, oilaushy bóligi men parasat bolsa kerek. Al oilaushy jan men parasat – sana men tanymdy qalyptastyrady. Tanym óz kezeginde qayyrym, jaqsylyq jolynda bolsa ghana qadirli, qasiyetti. Demek adam jaqsylyq, qayyrym arqyly kórinis tabatyn adamgershiligimen artyq, asyl, abzal bolmaq. «Adamgershilik ilimining tórkini jóninde» dep atalatyn birinshi tarauynda M.Áliphannyng jazghanyna qaraghanda, adamgershilik, qayyrymdylyq, baqyt úghymdary bir-birimen óte tyghyz baylanystaghy tanymdy qúraydy. Osy orayda avtor әl-Faraby pikirin bylaysha saralaydy: «әl-Faraby baqytqa jetkizuge kómektesetin jandaghy halder negizinde tuatyn erkin әreketti – tamasha әreket deydi de, «múny tughyzatyn әdet-ghúryp – qayyrymdylyq» dep týiedi». Avtordyng jazghanynday, qayyrymdylyq – adamdardyng qogham ishinde ómir sýru әdebi men tәrtibi.

Sóitip zertteu enbegining kilti, jolashary sanalatyn alghashqy tarauda adamgershilik úghymynyng mәni, qayyrymdylyq syry, jan hali, jetilu jayy sekildi tanymdyq, taghylymdyq mәni zor kýrdeli mәseleler talqygha týsken.

Zertteu enbegining keyingi tórt tarauy óz aldyna ýlken ilimge ainalghan adamgershilikting J.Balasaghún, A.Iasaui, Abay, Shәkәrim shygharmalarynda kórinis tauyp jyrlanuyn zerdeleuge arnalghan. Enbekting eng basty janalyghy qazaq әdebiyetindegi adamgershilik taqyrybynyng qaghidaly qalyp, jýieli jolgha ainalyp, ilim dengeyinde jyrlanuyn qarastyru bolghan dep bilemiz. Kitap mazmúnymen tanysa otyryp, qazaq әdebiyetindegi J.Balasaghún, A.Iasaui, Abay, Shәkәrim aqyndardyng kórkem shygharmalary arqyly adamzattyq asyl oilardy sonau әridegi tegi, tórkininen tartyp, әri olardyng terendik, aqiqattyq sipatyn saqtay otyryp, nauqandyq, kezendik emes, tamyr, tórkini tereng mәngilik taqyryptardy zamanyna say janashyldyqpen jyrlay bilgenin bayqaymyz. Avtordyng jazghanynday, atalghan aqyndardyng adamzattyq mazmún – asyl aqiqitty, adamgershilikti әdebiyettik týr – poeziya men tolghau sipatyndaghy prozalyq qalypqa salyp kórkem týrde jetkizui olardyng aqyndyq bolmysyn oishyldyq, danalyq sipatymen tolyqtyra týsken. M.Áliphan jazghanday, әlemdik ruhany oy ýderisinde su týbindegi asyl tastay jútynyp iriktelgen, súryptalyp saralanghan sanlaqtar sonshalyq kóp emes, sanauly ghana. Sonday sanlaqtardyng qataryndaghy Sokrat, Platon, Aristoteli, Plotiyn, әl-Farabi, ibn-Sinalar izdenip jetken oy biyigi men asyl aqiqatqa qazaq әdebiyetining maqtanyshyna ainalghan aqyndarymyz da jap-jaqsy, ýles qosqanyn bayqaugha bolady. Osy orayda M.Áliphan bylaysha oy órbitedi: «Mәselen Abaydyng «tolyq adamy» búrynghy-songhy oishyldardyng әr dәuirde qarastyryp kelgen aqyl, jan, tәnnen túratyn tútas adam bolmysyn oigha oraltady. Al adam bolmysynyng ózegi – adamgershilikting negizi men irgetasyn Abay jәuәnmәrtlik dep atasa, Aristoteli kalagogatiya týrinde tanytqan. Abaydyng ýsh sýngi men Shәkәrimning ýsh anyghy adamzat tarihyndaghy talay oishyldyng izerli izdenisine ózek bolghan. A.Iasauiyding hikmetteri adam bolmysyndaghy aqyl men jannan tuyndaytyn Qúday jolyn dәriptep, tәnnen bastau alatyn tonmoyyn, topas nәpsining kesirin әshkereley jyrlaugha qúrylghan. Al «Qútty bilik» dastanyn adam men qogham, memleketting jetilip, kemeldenuin kózdegen praktikalyq filosofiyanyng sóz ónerindegi kórinisi, kóshirmesi deuge keledi. Sóitip biz qarastyrghan J.Balasaghún, A.Iasaui, Abay, Shәkәrim aqyndar irgeli, absolutti aqiqatty jyrlau arqyly oishyl aqyndar túghyryna qonghan tandauly túlghalar. Olar eng biyik, eng basty iygilik – baqyttyng – adamgershilik ekenin tanyp, ony dәstýrli tereng tórkininen tartyp әri janashyldyqpen jýieli jyrlay bilgen aqyndar. Adamzat ýshin eng qúndy nәrse ómir bolsa, sol ómirdi mәndi de sәndi, al ómir iyesi adamdy abyroyly da abzal, qadirli de qasiyetti etetin – adamgershilik».

Zertteu enbegi adam bolmysy, adam bolu men adamgershilik turaly tanymdyq, taghylymdyq oi, mazmúngha toly. Kóbimiz jobalap, jalpylap biletin adamgershilik jónindegi úghymdar syry kitapty oqu, tanu barysynda aiqyndalyp, naqtylana týsedi. Mәselen avtor ataqty oishyldardyng oi- pikiri men tújyrymdaryna sýiene otyryp, adamtanu baghytynda kóptegen tyng týiinder jasaydy. Kitapty oqu barysynda mynaday mazmúndaghy oilargha tap bolamyz. Jaratushynyng búrynghy-songhy oishyldar tújyrymdap týiindegenindey, eki týrli tuyndysy bar, olar әlem men adam. Álemge barsha aspan deneleri jatady. Al adam sol әlemdegi bir ghana dene – Jerdegi tirshilik iyeleri. Álem kól-kósir ken, al adam kóp júldyzdyng biri – Kýn jýiesindegi bir ghana planetanyng túrghyny. Sóitse de adam әlemmen qatarlas Jaratushynyng jinaqtap kelgendegi eki-aq tuyndysynyng biri. Sokrat Abaydyng 27-qarasózine negiz bolghan súhbatynda Jaratushynyng әlemdi barsha qajetimen týgel, tolyq etip jaratqanyn aita kelip, bir ghana nәrseni sol әlemge darytpay saqtap qalghanyn, sóitip ony adamgha syilaghanyn aitady. Jaratushynyng ózgege bermey, adamgha ghana búiyrghan artyqsha әri asa qúndy syiy – aqyl. Álem men adamdar qauymyndaghy eng kiyeli, eng biyik, eng asyl nәrse – osy aqyl. Aqyl – Alla, Jaratushy iyeliginen jetken asyl qazyna. Jaratushynyng taghy bir qazynasy – jan aqyldan keyingi orynda túrady. Sebebi aqyl adamda ghana bolsa, jan jan-januarlar men ósimdikterde de bar. Búrynghy-songhy oishyldar, Abay men Shәkәrimder jannyng ýsh týri bolatynyn jazady, olar – adam jany, januar jany jәne ósimdik jany. Ósimdik janyna qorektenu, ósu, kóbeng qabiletteri tәn. Januar janynda osy qabilettermen birge bes sezim mýshesining týisinui bar. Al adam jany ózine deyingi jannyng barsha qabiletin iyelenuimen qosa oilay alatyn jan, yaghny adam jany – oilaushy, aqyldy jan. Abay aitatyn adam janynyng «iri etip jaratyluy» osydan. Mәrtebesi men dengeyi joghary adam jany ózinen de joghary túratyn Aqylgha iyek artady. Al aqyl – haqtyng mýlki, Allanyng amanaty. Bizding Alla jolynda boluymyz – aqyldy, arly bolu bolyp shyghady.

Álem men ondaghy jan-januar ósimdik, adamnan ózge barsha tirshilik iyelerinde aqyl bolmaydy. Álem aqyldy, biraq onyng aqyly ózining bolmysyna sinip ketken ýnsiz aqyl. Yaghny әlemning bolmysy men tirligi Jaratushynyng aqyly men jolynan búra tartyp shyqpaytyn tura, haq jolyndaghy tuyndy, jaratyndy. Oilap qarasaq, әlem bolmysy men tirliginde aqyl men tәrtip, ýilesim bar. Kýnning uaqytynda shyghyp, tiyisti mezgilinde batuy, ózgege tirshilik syilaghan bolmysyn ózgertpeui, tipti núrynyng ot sekildi kýidirip, jandyryp jibermey, qalypty, jayly boluy, jan-januardyng qoregi men qorghanysyn, amandyghyn «oylap» bir qalypty tirshilik etui, ósimdik ataulynyng kýn jylyna kele eshqanday eskertusiz tirshiligin bastap ketuinde tәrtip pen aqyldylyq bar. Demek әlemdegi aspan deneleri men jan-januar, ósimdik sekildi bolmystar óz jaratylysy men tirliginde tәrtipti әri aqyldy. Yaghny Jaratushynyng әlem atty tuyndysy IYesining salyp bergen jolymen, tәrtibimen ghana tirshilik etetin bolmystar. Álemde Jaratushy jolynan ózge tanday qoyatyn kelesi bir jol joq. Sondyqtan da Abay aitqanday, әlem men әlem ishindegi jan-januardan qiyamette súraq almauda әdilettilik bar. Óitkeni olar Jaratushy jazghyratynday jaratylysynan-aq haq jolynan tys ketip teris jol degendi bilmeydi. Anyghy әlem men ondaghy ózge tirshilik iyeleri Jaratushynyng tek qana tura joldaghy tuyndysy. Al adam bolmysy ózgesheleu jaratylghan, onyng ózgelerden artyqshylyghy aqylynyng barlyghyda, kemshiligi bolmysyndaghy tәni arqyly nәpsi jolyn da tandap qalu mýmkindigining boluynda deymiz. Jan-januar, jәndik atauly aqyl-esi bolmasa da, qasaqana qiyanat, jamandyq jasamaydy. Olardyng jyrtqyshtyghyn jamandyq dep sanaugha әste bolmaydy. Bizding olardaghy jyrtqyshtyq dep biletinimiz – olardyng qoregin tauyp qanaghattandyru men qorghanu әreketi ghana. Ádiletti týrde oilar bolsaq, olardyng tirshilik jolyndaghy qoregi ýshin jasaghan әreketin jyrtqyshtyq dep sanamasaq kerek. Álem men ondaghy tirshilik iyeleri kýndelikti qoldanbaly aqyly bolmaghan son, tirshiliginde tandau jasap jatpay, bolmysyna Jaratushy darytqan dayyn jolmen ghana jýredi. Al adam bolmysynyng baghy men sory qatar kórinedi. Adamnyng baghy aqyly bolsa, sory – nәpsi jolyn tandap ketui. Adam aqylymen haq, tura joldy ústansa, nәpsisi arqyly haq jolynan búra tartyp teris jolgha týsedi. Osy teris joldy tandau әreket әlemde joq. Óitkeni әlem – Jaratushynyng jolyn ghana ústanghan, haq jolymen ghana tirshilik etken jandy tәn. Al adam Jaratushy jolyn núsqaytyn aqyly men tәn, nәpsisi arqyly qiyanatqa da jol tartyp ketetin qospa bolmys. Ári haq joly men nәpsi jolyn tanday alatyn erikke iye. Al әlemde tandau jasaytyn onday erik joq.

Adam bolu men adamgershilikti saqtaudyng qiyndyghy men kýrdeliligi adam jaratylysynyng qospa bolmysy men eki joldyng birin tanday alatyn erkining bar boluyna baylanysty. Sәbi, bala kezinde adamnyng tandau jasay qoyy qiyn. Aqyl-esi kire kele on-solyn tanyp, tanday alatyn dәrejege jetedi. Shamamen «on ýshte otau iyesi» degendey kezenge jetip, әr adam óz bolmysyna say adam boludy oilay bastaydy. Biraq adam bolu kedergisiz danghyl jol emes, búl iygi әreketting qabatynda qarsylasyp ylghy da nәpsi degen dúshpan jýredi. Adam ýshin ýlken jau, zor kedergi – nәpsi. Oishyl aqyn Shәkәrimning «nәpsi ýiinde baylauly ynsap jatyr, er bolsan, bosatyp al sol zyndannan» dep jyrlauy tegin emes. Á degende nәpsi tәtti, sәtti, rahat, jayly kórinedi, әitse de aqyly asyq, ruhy biyik adam nәpsige berilmeydi. Adam bolu osylaysha eki joldyng aiyryghynda aqyly jenip, tura joldy tandau, ústanumen jýzege asady. Al adamdyq, adamgershilikting ózi – eng әueli jaqsylyq pen qayyrymdylyq. Ózining ghana jaghdayyn jasap, ózining ghana qamyn jeu aiuangha tәn bolsa, adam ózinen basqanyng jaghydayyn jasap, jaqsylyqty, qayyrymdy bolumen erekshelenedi. Alla bәrin de jaratqan әri bәrining de nesibesin berip jarylqaushy. Eng ýlken qayyrymdylyq, jaqsylyq jasaushy – Alla. Alla tuyndysy – adam da IYesining jolymen jaqsylyq jasau jolynda bolghany jón. Yaghny adam bolu, adamgershilikti bolu – jaqsylyq jasap qayyrymdy bolu. Búrynghy-songhy oishyldar enbekterinde adamgershilik úghymy qayyrymdylyqpen sabaqtastyrylady. Qayyrymdylyq sózin arab úghymynan qazaqshalasaq, jaqsylyq degendi bildiredi. Arghy tegimiz týrkiler qayyrymdylyqty jәuәnmәrtlik dep ataghan. Qayyrymdylyqtyng eng ýlkeni, bastauy men negizi – jomarttyq, myrzalyq. Adamgershilik ilimin europalyqtar etika dep atasa, týrkilerdegi kisilik qalyby jәuәnmәrtlik delingen. Osy jәuәnmәrtlik atauy Abaydyng 38-sózinde úshyrasady, al ol úghymdy ghylymy ainalymgha engizgen – abaytanushy ghalym M.Myrzahmetúly. M.Áliphannyng zertteuinde jәuәnmәrtlik mәselesi Aristoteliding «Etika» enbeginen bastau alatyn әri әl-Faraby traktattarynda jalghasyn tabatyn adamgershilik ilimi auqymynda jan-jaqty qarastyrylghan.

Oyshyldar tanytuynda qayyrymdylyq – eki shetki kemshilikting orta túsy. Osy orta tústy saqtap qayyrymdy bolu onay sharua emes. Tarazynyng bir basyna tasyn, ekinshi basyna zatty qoyyp, ekeuining dәl teng túsyn tabudyng qiyndyghy sekildi, jan dengeyindegi halding qayyrymdylyq kýiin saqtau da onay emes. Mysaly myrza, jomart bolu onyng qayyrymdylyq halin qadaghalap, múqiyat saqtaumen keledi. Áytpese osy jomarttyq qayyrymdylyq sheginen asynqyrap ketse, ysyrapqorlyqqa, kemip ketse sarandyqqa oiysyp ketedi. Adamgershilik negizi – qayyrymdylyqtardy qalyptastyryp ornyqtyrudyng әri saqtaudyng osynday yjdaqatty әreket, beynetpen keletin syry bar. Oishyldar negizdegen qayyrymdylyqtargha qatysty orta tús jayy Shәkәrim ólenderinde úshyrasady:

At bolsyn, kiyim bolsyn, minez bolsyn,

Qúba tóbel isti qyl jarasymdy.

...Artyq alu,

Ne kem salu,

Qapy qalu jaramas.

Adamgershilikti qúraytyn qayyrymdylyqtar Aristoteli bastaghan oishyldar enbekterinde aqyl men jan dengeyine qatysty eki topqa bólinedi de, olardyng adam bolugha qosatyn qomaqty әri ózindik ýlesi saralanady. Intellektualdyq, oishyldyq jәne etikalyq dep atalatyn qayyrymdylyqtar qazaq aqyndary Abay men Shәkәrim shygharmalarynda núrly aqyl, jyly jýrekpen, taza aqyl, aq jýrek jәne osylardan órbiytin aqyl, oi, bilim, әdilet, rahym, qanaghat taghy basqa qasiyetter arqyly kórinis tabady.

Aristoteli adamzattyng úmtylyp, ómirinde tútynatyn barsha iygilikterin ýsh-aq topqa bólip, olardyng arasynan aqyl men ózge әrtýrli qayyrymdylyqtardy bәrinen de artyq asyl, biyik sanasa, Abay da ómirde úshyrasar kóp qyzyq, iygilikter ishinen ýsheuin ghana sýiydi nasihattap, ózining imanigýl tanymyn úsynady:

Mahabbatpen jaratqan adamzatty

Sen de sýy ol Allany jannan tәtti.

Adamzattyng bәrin sýy bauyrym dep,

Jәne haq joly osy dep әdiletti.

Shәkәrim aqyn da irgeli ilimdi ózinshe damytyp, adamgershilikti újdan anyghy týrinde eng ondy, tura, dúrys jol dep sanaydy:

Álemdegi dinderding týp maqsúty

Ýsh nәrsede búljymay qúshaqtasar:

Qúday bar, újdan dúrys, qiyamet shyn.

Alla – barsha bolmystyng bastauy әri ózi mәngilik, joghalmaytyn bar bolmys. Adam da sonday uaqytsha, ótpeli bolmystyng biri. Yaghny Alladan ózgening bәrine de qiyamet kýni keledi. Alladan bastau alyp, búiyrghan ómiri bitip, qiyamet kýnine tap bolatyn adamzattyng osy eki aralyqtaghy ondy, mәndi, tura joly – újdan, yaghny adamgershilikti bolu.

Sóitip Maqsat Áliphannyng «Qazaq әdebiyetindegi adamgershilik ilimi» atty zertteu enbegining mazmúny adamgershilik ilimining qazaq әdebiyetindegi kórinisin keshendi týrde qarastyrugha qúrylghan. Taldau, zerdeleu nysanasyna alynghan J.Balasaghún, A.Iasaui, Abay, Shәkәrim aqyndar óz shygharmalarynda adamgershilikti izerley izdenip, tórkin-tegin tanyta әri zamanyna say janashyldyqpen jyrlaghan.      

Jabal Shoyynbet,

Abay atyndaghy QazÚPU-i

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