25 jeltoqsan kýni Aughan soghysynyng bastalghanyna 45 jyl tolyp otyr. Osy soghysta myndaghan jerlerisimiz opat boldy. Osyghan baylanysty soghystyng bastalu tarihyna arnalghan tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory Bolat Saylannyng maqalasyn Abai.kz aqparattyq portalynyng oqyrmandarynyng talqysyna úsynghandy jón sanadyq.

Kenes Odaghynyng túsynda úzaqqa sozylghan soghystyng biri – Aughan soghysy. 1979 jyly 25 jeltoqsanda kenes әskerlerining shekteuli kontiynegenti memlekettik shekarany kesip ótip, Aughanstan territoriyasyna kirdi. Býgingi kýni osy bir súrapyl soghystyng bastalghanyna attay 45 jyl toldy.

Búl soghystyng tarihy qanshalyqty jazylyp jatqanymen, soghystyng bastalu tarihy turaly әli aitatyn tústary jeterlik. Ásirese, 1978 jyly Aughanstandaghy «Sәuir tónkerisi» búl soghystyng bastaluyna kóp yqpal etti. Biylikke kelgen Aughanstan halyqtyq demokratiyalyq partiyasy (AHDP) 1978 jyldyng 30 sәuirinde ózderining birinshi mәjilisinde Ortalyq komiytetting Bas hatshysy qyzmetine N.M. Tarakiydi, orynbasarlyqqa B.Karmalidy saylady. Osy kýni eldi Aughanstan Demokratiyalyq Respublikasy (ADR) dep jariyalady. Óitkeni «Sәuir tónkerisinin» nәtiyjesinde el tizginin qolyna alghan kommunistik baghyttaghy AHDP kósemderi men mýsheleri, memleket pen ýkimetti basqara almay, halyq narazylyghyna tap boldy. Tyghyryqtan shyghudyng jolyn izdep alasúrdy. Aqyry el ishindegi jaghdaydy Kenes Odaghyn qatystyra otyryp sheshkisi keldi. Sóitip, Kenes Odaghyna ýstin-ýstin әsker kirgizu jóninde ótinishterin aitty. Múnday ótinishter alghashynda qarsylyqqa tap bolghanymen, sonynda ayaqsyz qaldyrylmady.

Sәuir tónkerisinen keyin el tizginin qolyna alghan ADR ýkimetine negizgi qarsylas islamdyq sayasy partiyalar boldy. Osy partiyalardyng kýshimen 1978 jyldyng ózinde Pәkistan aumaghynda qaruly otryadtardy dayarlau lagerleri men bazalary qúryldy. Ol otryadtar Kabulgha qarsy әskery is-qimyldar jasau ýshin Aughanstan aumaghyna jóneltilip otyrdy. Keyinnen ol partiyalardyng barlyghyn Pәkistan ókimeti resmy týrde tirkeuge alyp, aimaqtaghy birqatar elderden (Pәkistan, Saud Arabiyasy, Egiypet) jәne batys elderinen (AQSh, Angliya, Germaniya, Fransiya t.b.) materialdyq jәne әskery kómek aldy. 1979 jyldyng ayaghyna taman Pәkistan aumaghynda ornalasqan qaruly otryadtardy dayarlaugha arnalghan 23 lagerde 35 myng adam dayyndyqtan ótti. Oghan qosa Aughanstanmen kórshiles elderde 100-den astam oqu ortalyqtary júmys istey bastady, al olardaghy býlikshil kýshter 100 myng banditter men jaldamalylargha deyin ósti. Sonymen qatar Aughan armiyasyndaghy jaghday kýrt nasharlady. Ásker sany  90 mynnan 40 myngha deyin azaydy. 1979 jyldyng mamyr aiyna qaray ýkimettik әskerding 10 myngha juyghy modjahedter lagerine auysyp ketti. Memlekettik biylikting әlireuinen modjahedter 1979 jylghy nauryz aiynyng ortasyna qaray, qarudy belsendi paydalanugha kóshti. Host, Gardez, Gerat, Jelalabad garnizondarynda iri býlikter úiymdastyryldy. Mamyr aiynyng ayaghynda modjahedterding osynday qaruly is-әreketterining arqasynda Aughanstannyng 22 provinsiyasy soghys jaghdayyna kóshti. 1979 jyly qarashada jana ýkimetting bas ortalyghyna naqty qauip tóne bastady.

N.M. Tarakiyding bastauymen aughandyq jetekshiler birinshi ret kenestik әskerlerdi jiberu turaly ótinishterin 1979 jyldyng 18 nauryzynda A.N. Kosyginmen (KSRO Ministrler kenesining tóraghasy) telefon arqyly bolghan әngimesinde aitty. Al әsker kirgizu әlemde Kenes Odaghynyng basqynshylyq sayasaty dep baghalanatyn edi. «Sondyqtan da bolar Kosygin búl kýrdeli de sayasi, halyqaralyq mәsele» – ekenin atap, naqty jauap bere almady.

Telefonmen bolghan әngimeden keyin Yu.V. Andropov (KSRO Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetining tóraghasy), A.A. Gromyko (KSRO Syrtqy ister ministri) jәne D.F. Ustinov (KSRO Qorghanys ministri) jinaldy. (Búl kezde osy ýsheui «Aughandyq ýshtik» atalyp, Aughanstan mәselesimen kóp ainalysty). Aqyldasa kele bәrining pikiri bir arnagha toghysyp, Aughanstangha kenes әskerlerin kirgizuge bolmaydy, búl ol jaqtaghy jaghdaydy kýrdelendire týsedi jәne Kenes Odaghyna halyqaralyq sayasatta ziyanyn tiygizedi dep sheshti. Sóitip ADR basshysy N.M. Taraky jasyryn týrde jedel Kenes Odaghynyng astanasy Mәskeuge shaqyryldy. Mәskeude jәne Kabulda búl isti at tóbelindey adamdar ghana bildi. N.M. Taraky 20 nauryzda Mәskeuge keldi. A.N. Kosygin kenes elining barlyq basshylyghy atynan, onyng ótinishi jónindegi mәselege toqtalyp: «taghy da aitatynym, kenes әskerlerin engizu jónindegi mәsele bizding jaghymyzdan jan-jaqty talqylandy, biz barlyq jaghdaydy eskere otyryp mynaday sheshimge keldik. Eger biz әskerimizdi kirgizetin bolsaq, sizding elde jaghday jaqsarmaydy, kerisinshe qiynday týsedi» – degen baylam aitty.

N.M. Tarakiyding kónili kýpti bolmas ýshin sol kýni L.I. Brejnevpen ADR basshysyna kezdesu úiymdastyryldy. Búl kezdesude L.I. Brejnev dayyndalghan materialdargha sýiene otyryp N.M. Tarakiyge: «Sizding A.N. Kosyginmen telefon arqyly jәne osynda Mәskeude qoyghan súraghynyz jónindegi mәselege toqtalsaq, biz kenes әskerlerin Aughanstangha kirgizu jónindegi ótinishti múqiyat qaradyq, jan-jaqty sheshtik. Naqtylay aitatyn bolsam, múnday sheshimge keluge bolmaydy» – dep, KSRO-nyng birinshi basshysy da búl súraqty keri qaytardy.

Biraqta 1979 jyly mamyr aiynyng basynda Orta Aziyalyq respublikalardyng týkpilikti últynan jasaqtalghan arnayy batalion qúru jóninde sheshim qabyldandy (búl batalion, KSRO Memlekettik qauipsizdik komiytetining (MQQ-n) arnayy bólimderimen birlese otyryp H.Amindi ókimet basynan shettetude aiyryqsha ról atqardy). Arnayy maqsattaghy 1-músylman batalion ýshin jauyngerler  Týrkistan jәne Orta Aziya әskery okrugining «músylman» últy ókilderinen, әsirese barlaushylar, atqyshtar jәne tankishiler bólimshelerinen tandalynyp alyndy. Shyghys tilin bilu jәne qayratty bolu – basty talap boldy. Batalion tek jana tehnikamen jәne qaru-jaraqpen jasaqtalyndy. Ol arnayy eki topqa bólingen bes rotadan túrdy. Sany –500 adamnan sәl artyq boldy. Batalion komandiyri bolyp ózbek últynyng ókili Halbaev H. T. taghayyndaldy. Mamyr aiynyng ayaghyna qaray «músylmandyq» batalion qúrylyp bitti. Ol Tashkentke jaqyn Shyrshyqtaghy әskery qalashyqqa jayghasty. Jaz boyy batalion arnayy jauyngerlik dayyndyqpen ainalysty. Al jazdyng sonynda batalion ózining dayyndyqtaryn kórsetip, synaqtan ótti. Olargha qosa birte-birte KSRO MQK-ning aiyryqsha maqsattaghy bólimsheleri dayyndyqqa kiristi. Olardyng keybireuleri Kabulgha erterek aparylyp tastalyndy.ADR basshysy N.Taraky 8 qazanda orynbasary H.Aminning búiryghymen óltirildi. H.Amin Aughanstannyng birinshi taghyn taqymyna basty. Búl jaghdaydy Mәskeu óte auyr qabyldap, әri qaray ne isteu kerek degen oigha ketti. Al Amin bolsa búl uaqytta ózine qarsy shyqqan, sonymen birge ózimen iyqtasa týskenderding barlyghynyng da kózin joydy. Mәskeude birte-birte H.Amindi qyzmetinen shettetetin jәne onyng ornyn oghan qarghanda adal isteytin qayratkermen almastyru oilary payda bola bastady. Búl uaqytta Chehoslovakiyadan jasyryn týrde kelgen «Parcham»  fraksiyasynyng kóshbasshysy Babrak Karmali Mәskeude jýrdi. Babrak Karmaligha H.Aminning kózin qúrtyp, onyng ornyna otyru úsynyldy. Ol oghan kelisim berip, tez arada KSRO MQK-ning baqylauyna alyndy. Al búl uaqytta «1-músylmandyq batalionnyn» jauyngerleri 10-12 qarashada Tashkent jәne Shyrshyq әuejayynan úshyrylyp Aughanstandaghy Bagram aviabazasyna týsirildi. Músylmandyq bataliondaghy barlyq ofiyserler men soldattargha aughandyq әskery kiyimder kiygizildi, syrt kózben qaraghanda olardyng aughandyq әskeriylerden aiyrmashylyghy da bolmady.

Aughanstangha әsker kirgizu jónindegi songhy sayasy sheshim 12 jeltoqsan kýni týs aua shaghyn ghana kenes basshylarynyng tobymen qabyldandy. Búl topta L.Brejnev, M.Suslov, Yu.Andropov, D.Ustinov jәne A.Gromyko boldy. Osylaysha jaghday KOKP OK Sayasy burosynyng tolyq mýshelerinsiz-aq  sheshildi. Aughanstannyng zandy ýkimetining ótinishin eskerip jәne 1978 jylghy 5 jeltoqsandaghy eki el arasyndaghy Shartty, sonday-aq BÚÚ Jarghysynyng memleketterding ózin-ózi qorghau qúqyghy turaly 51-babyn algha tartyp, KSRO Aughanstangha qaruly kýshterin kirgizuge kelisti.

Sheshim qabyldanghan kýnning ertesine  KSRO Bas shtab bastyghynyng birinshi orynbasary, armiya generaly S.F. Ahromeevting basshylyghymen KSRO Qorghanys ministirining Operativti toby qúryldy. Búl topqa Bas shtabtyng generaldary men ofiyserleri, oghan qosa KSRO Qaruly kýshterining barlyq salasynan ókilder kirdi. KSRO Qorghanys ministrligining Operativti tobyna jetekshi etip, Kenes Odaghynyng marshaly S.L. Sokolovty taghayyndady.

Bas shtab basqarmasynda Aughanstangha 40-armiyany kirgizudi qamtamasyz etu ýshin Qaruly kýshterding barlyq salasynan generaldar men ofiyserlerding arnayy toby júmys istedi. Olar arqyly Aughanstangha әskerlerdi kirgizudi qamtamasyz etu ýshin núsqaulardyng jobalary dayyndaldy. Aughandyq shekaragha әsker men tehnikany, qaru-jaraq pen basqa materialdyq qajettilikterdi tasu josparlanyp jýzege asty, basqa da týrli úiymdastyru sharalary jýrgizildi. Aughanstandaghy әskeriy-sayasy jaghdaylar turaly habarlar alynyp, ol jóninde úsynystar bayandaldy. 16 jeltoqsanda Týrkistan әskery okruginen (TýrÁO) 40-armiya bólinip, armiya qolbasshylyghyna general-leytenant Yu.V. Tuharinov taghayyndaldy. Barlyghy 100-ge juyq birlestikter úrysqa baghyttaldy. Áskerlerdi jasaqtau ýshin rezervten 50 mynnan asa ofiyserler, serjanttar men soldattar shaqyryldy, auyl sharuashylyghynan 8 myngha juyq avtomobilider men basqa tehnikalar bólindi.

1979 jyly 24 jeltoqsan kýni birinshi jazbasha qújat payda boldy. Búl qújatqa KSRO Qorghanys ministri D.F. Ustinov pen Bas shtab bastyghy N.V. Ogarkovtyng qoly qoyylyp әskerge jiberildi. Qújatta: «Ortalyq Shyghystaghy әskeriy-sayasy jaghdaygha baylanysty Aughanstan ýkimetining songhy ótinishi dúrys dep tanyldy. Dostyq niyettegi aughan halqyna internasionaldyq kómek kórsetu  maqsatynda ADR-gha elding ontýstiginde ornalasqan әskerding keybir bólimderi  kirgiziledi, sonday-aq keybir memleketter tarapynan antiaughandyq әreketke tyiym salyp, qolayly jaghday jasau ýshin sheshim qabyldandy» – dep, qabyldanghan sheshimning qysqasha týsiniktemesi berildi.

Qújat boyynsha ADR-gha kiretin әskery top qúramy bylay kórsetildi: 40-armiya (108-shi jәne 5-motoatqyshtar diviziyasy, 860-derbes motoatqyshtar polky, Orta Aziya әskery okuruginen (OAÁO) 56-shy derbes desantshylar brigadasy, 353-shi artilleriyalyq jәne 2-zenitshi-raketalyq brigadalar, TýrÁO-dan 103-shi әskeriy-desantshylar diviziyasy jәne 345-shi derbes parashutshy-desantshylar  polky, 34-shi aralas aviasiyalyq korpus) bolyp belgilendi. Oghan qosa rezerv retinde Kabul baghytyna qaray OAÁO-dan 201-motoatqyshtar diviziyasy, al Kushka baghytyna qaray TýrÁO-dan 68-motoatqyshtar diviziyasy kiretin boldy. 1979 jyly 25 jeltoqsan kýni tanerteng N.V. Ogarkov telefonmen memlekettik shekarany kesip ótu Mәskeu uaqyty boyynsha 15.00 (jergilikti uaqyt boyynsha 17.00) ekenin habarlady. Belgilengen uaqytta Kenes әskeri әuede de, jerde de memlekettik shekarany kesip ótti. Sóitip, osy kýnnen bastap kenes әskeri Aughanstan territoriyasynda 10 jylgha juyq túraqtap, soghys qimylyna qatysty.

Qoryta kelgende, Aughan soghysy jalynynan 620 myng adam ótse, onyng 525 myny Kenes armiyasynyng jauyngerleri boldy. Kenestik әsker tarapynan orasan zor adam shyghyny oryn aldy. 15 myngha juyq adam qaza tapty, 50 mynnan asa adam jaralandy, 311 adam iz-týzsiz joghaldy. Bizding respublikamyzdan 22 myng adam Aughan soghysynda bolyp qaytty. Olardyng 1000-gha juyghy osy soghysta qúrban boldy jәne Qazaqstan jerinde jerlendi, 20 adam iz-týzsiz joghaldy. Al jalpy shyghynnyng 362-si qazaq últynyng ókili ekendigi anyqtaldy. Soghys ayaqtalghanmen Aughan sindromy saldarynan jәne týrli aurulardan 5 mynnan asa qarulastarymyz ómirden ótti. Solaqay sayasattyng saldarynan qabyldanghan sheshimning kesirinen qanshama bozdaqtar ómirding eng jogharghy ólshemi ólimmen eseptesip, syrtqy elderdegi qandy qaqtyghystarda opat boldy. Biraq amal qansha, búiryq talqylanbaydy, oryndalady. Osylaysha 1979 jyldyng 25 jeltoqsany kenes әskerleri shekteuli kontingentining Aughanstangha kirgen jәne soghystyng bastalghan kýni retinde tarihta qaldy.

Bolat Saylan

Ál-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU professory, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, Aughan soghysyna qatysushy

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