Ghadilbek Ákim. Chemodandy kónil-kýidegi biznes
Álemdegi bay-baquattylarmen olargha tiyesili baylyqtyng tizimin ai, jyl sayyn sanap, tizimdep, әr-týrli tilde jer jahangha taratatyn әlemdik dengeydegi bedeldi Forbes jornalynda qyzyqty maqalalar men materialdar kóptep jariyalanyp túrady. Osy jornaldyng ótken jyldyng qarasha aiyndaghy shyqqan kezekti sanynda, qazirgi kezdegi Reseydegi orta kәsipkerlerding jaghdayyna baylanysty «Kóterilisshi sәudegerler» («Revolusionnoe kupechestvo») atty ózekti maqala jariyalanypty. Álgi maqalada mәskeulik bir top kәsipkerler men biznesmender bas qosyp, qoghamda tek adam retinde ómir sýrip qana qoymay, sonymen qatar qoghamnyng mýshesi bola otyra, tәuelsiz, erikti adam retinde ómir sýru turaly taqyrypqa oy qozghap, osy mәseleni ózara talqygha salady. Búl bylay alyp qaraghanda, biznesmender, kәsipkerler qozghaytyn taqyryp emes siyaqty, kәsipkerler býgingi bes tengeni nemese bes dollardy erteng qalay on tenge qylamyn, paydany qalay tabamyn, shyghyndy qalay azaytamyn degen saualdarmen jýretini belgili. Onyng ýstine, qazirgi daghdarys kezeninde atalghan mәseleler tipti ushygha týskeni eshkimge qúpiya emes. Al, búnday naqty mәselelermen ainalysyp jýrgen adamdar ýshin, qoghamnyng liyberaldylyghy, qoghamda tәuelsiz, óz pikirimen oiyn erkin aita alatyn erikti adam bolyp qalu sekildi abstaraktyly mәselelerdi qozghau, talqylau shynymen de qyzyq nәrse.
Álemdegi bay-baquattylarmen olargha tiyesili baylyqtyng tizimin ai, jyl sayyn sanap, tizimdep, әr-týrli tilde jer jahangha taratatyn әlemdik dengeydegi bedeldi Forbes jornalynda qyzyqty maqalalar men materialdar kóptep jariyalanyp túrady. Osy jornaldyng ótken jyldyng qarasha aiyndaghy shyqqan kezekti sanynda, qazirgi kezdegi Reseydegi orta kәsipkerlerding jaghdayyna baylanysty «Kóterilisshi sәudegerler» («Revolusionnoe kupechestvo») atty ózekti maqala jariyalanypty. Álgi maqalada mәskeulik bir top kәsipkerler men biznesmender bas qosyp, qoghamda tek adam retinde ómir sýrip qana qoymay, sonymen qatar qoghamnyng mýshesi bola otyra, tәuelsiz, erikti adam retinde ómir sýru turaly taqyrypqa oy qozghap, osy mәseleni ózara talqygha salady. Búl bylay alyp qaraghanda, biznesmender, kәsipkerler qozghaytyn taqyryp emes siyaqty, kәsipkerler býgingi bes tengeni nemese bes dollardy erteng qalay on tenge qylamyn, paydany qalay tabamyn, shyghyndy qalay azaytamyn degen saualdarmen jýretini belgili. Onyng ýstine, qazirgi daghdarys kezeninde atalghan mәseleler tipti ushygha týskeni eshkimge qúpiya emes. Al, búnday naqty mәselelermen ainalysyp jýrgen adamdar ýshin, qoghamnyng liyberaldylyghy, qoghamda tәuelsiz, óz pikirimen oiyn erkin aita alatyn erikti adam bolyp qalu sekildi abstaraktyly mәselelerdi qozghau, talqylau shynymen de qyzyq nәrse. Janaghy jinalysqa qatysqan kәsipkerler jiyngha júmystyng qyzghan uaqyty, yaghny kýndizgi uaqytta jinalghan jәne jinalghandardyng kópshiligi Mәskeudegi ýlken kompaniyalardyn, sauda jelilerining basshylary, top-menedjerleri, iyegerleri eken, jalpy qatysushylardyng sany jiyrma adamnyng ýstinde bolypty. Kezdesuge eshqanday qogham, BAQ ókilderi shaqyrylmaghan, búl bir jaghynan kezdesuge kelgen qatysushylardyng ózderin erkin, әri ynghayly sezinui ýshin jasalghan sekildi. Kezdesudegi pikir almasu erejesi London korolidik halyqaralyq qatynastar instituty engizgen Chatem-Haus erejesine say jýrgizilgenge úqsaydy. Forbes jurnalynda osy kezdesu jóninde material jazghan Yana Yakovleva hanymnyng sózinshe, kezdesuge qatysyp, sóz sóilep, pikir aitugha shaqyrylghan Dmitriy atty bir kәsipkerding tili, sóz baylamy týgelimen jargon bolyp shyghypty, Dmitriyding sóilegen sózining negizgi maghynasy, Reseydegi biznes - búl әr-týrli jemqorlarmen para alushylardyng arasyndaghy baylanys pen balansty taba bilip sonymen qatar basqa «anqaulardy» «laqtyryp» payda tabu, bastysy kimge, qay uaqytta para beru kerek ekenin bilu jәne sol balansty búzbay saqtap otyru eken. Dmitriy atty kәsipkerding Reseyde ghana emes, sonymen birge, Chehiyada da biznesi bar, onyng sózinshe Chehiyada biznes jýrgizu erejesi aiqyn әri týsinikti. Ol Chehiya elinde biznesin damytu ýshin 3-4% nesie ala alady jәne ol nesiyeni alghany ýshin eshkimge eshqanday para beruge mindetti emes. Dmitriy Reseyde, Chehiyada biznesin damyta otyryp, qosymsha Londongha da jol salyp alypty, onyng sózinshe, eger onyng basyna qysyltayang uaqyt tua qalsa, kez-kelgen uaqytta sol elge qashyp kete alamyn deydi. Atalghan basylymda jazylghanday, Reseyde Dmitriyding firmasynan ay sayyn qylmystyq is ashylyp otyrady eken, alayda, ol әr-týrli memlekettik qyzmettik organdar arasyndaghy qarama-qayshylyqtarmen «mini» soghystardy jalghastyra otyryp, kimge qansha para berudi bilu arqyly, solardyng arqasynda qylmystyq isterin japqyzyp otyrady eken, bylaysha aitqanda biznesti osynday jolmen jýrgizuge Dmitriyding eti ýirenip alypty. Dmitriy kәsibin osynday joldar arqyly damytyp otyrghanyn aita kelip, onyng Reseydegi biznesining damuynyng basty sebepkeri osy eldegi jemqorlyq, dep mәlimdepti-mys. Áriyne, órkeniyetti, zandary saghat mehanizmi siyaqty júmys jasaytyn elderde biznes damuynyng negizgi kepili jemqorlyq degendi estise, olar ýshin búl jaghday jabayy bolyp kórinetini, estiletini anyq. Jinalghan kәsiperlerding Dmitriyding sózinen keyingi jalpy kónil-kýii, olar qiyn jaghday bola qalsa, ózderining jәne balalarynyng bolashaqtaryn Reseymen baylanystyrmaydy, kez-kelgen uaqytta basqa elge kóship ketuge dayyn, olar tipti ol ýshin plasdarmdy da dayyndap qoyypty. Dmitriyden keyin sóz alghan basqa biznesmender orys últynyng mentaliytetinde basqalarmen salystyrghanda bolashaghyn josparlau qasiyeti joq ekenin aita kelip, ertengi kýni barlyq jaghdaydyng boluy mýmkin ekendigine toqaylasypty. Al, janaghy sóilegen biznesmennen keyin sóz alghan jurnaldaghy maqala avtory, ol da kәsipker, jemqorlyq damuynyng da shegi bar, ómir boyy para berip ómir sýruge, búnday oiyn erejesine tóze beruge bolmaytynyn aita kelip, jalpy aitylghan sózderding negizgi kvintessensiyasy retinde kәsipkerler, biznesmender jemqorlyq isigin odan әri damytugha at salyspauy kerek, kәsipkerler qogham, memleket damuynda ýlken ýlesi bar sanat retinde memlekettik sheshimderge әser etuge, yqpal jasaugha tyrysuy kerek depti. Bastysy kәsipkerler klass retinde sayasatqa belsendi aralasuy kerek, sebebi sayasat arqyly ghana bizneske qatysty sheshimderge, zandardy qabyldaugha әser, yqpal etuge bolady degenge sayady. Kәsipkerler, әsirese orta dengeyli biznesmender, әr-týrli qúzyrly organdargha statistika sanyn kóbeytu ýshin ózderin jәiden-jәy týrmege otyrghyzugha, para bopsalau ýshin qylmystyq is qozghatyp, keyinnen týrmege japqyzugha beyjay qarap otyrmauy tiyis dep ózderining ózekti oilaryn ortagha salypty jiynda. Alayda, jiynda otyrghan basqa kәsipkerler búnday jalyndy sózderdi jaybaraqat qabyldap, tynday kele, biznesting sayasatqa aralasuynyng esh qajeti joq, ol tek uaqytty tekke ótkizu, al uaqyt degenimiz ol qyp-qyzyl aqsha degen kórinedi. Reseyde biznesti para berip te jýrgize beruge bolady, al eger, qiyndyq bola qalsa, kez-kelgen uaqytta basqa memleketke ketip qalamyz degenderding qarsy jiynda basym bolghangha úqsaydy. Reseylik autsorsingtik kompaniyasynyng iyesi, Viktor atty bir kәsipker ózining esh kinәsiz, esh aiypsyz bir jyl jarym temir torda otyryp kelgenin aityp, nazyn tarqatypty, sonymen qatar, jinalghandardyng ishinde eng az degende bes kәsipker otyryp shyghypty, olar da ózderining aiypsyz, esh kinәsiz otyrghandaryn jetkizip, búnday auyr jәitter olar ýshin ýlken ómir mektebi bolghanyn da aityp qalghan eken. Jalpy aitqanda jinalghan kәsipkerler, jiyndy qorytyndylay kele, qanday da bolmasyn qiyndyqtar bola qalsa, bóten elge qashyp, jenil joldy izdegenshe, әdiletsizdikke qarsy birigip kýresuge, kerek bolsa, Preziydentke, ýkimet basshysyna hat jazyp, piyketter, mitingiler ótkizuge deyin barayyq, bastysy ortaq mәseleni birigip sheshuge úiymdasayyq, bireuimizding basymyzgha tóngen problema, erteng basqa kәsipkerding de basyna týsu mýmkindigi zor, sol sebepti ne bolsa da, birigip qimyldayyq degen sheshimge kelipti. Maqala avtory biznesmenderding birigip qimyldaugha bet búra bilgenining ózi ýlken jetistik dey otyryp, maqalasyn tәmamdaydy.
Qazaqstannyng qay salasyndaghy jaghday bolmasyn Reseydegi jaghdaygha úqsaytyny belgili. Al biznes jýrgizu erejeleri til, shekara talghamaytyny anyq. Bizding elde de, «chemodandy kónil-kýidegi» kәsipkerler jetip artylady dese artyq aitqanymyz emes. Jaghdaydyng olay qalyptasuyna sebep kóp. Bizding elimizde soltýstik kórshimizdegi sekildi zannyng júmys jasauy, zandy-normativtik aktilerding oryndaluy kónil kónshitetin dengeyde emes. Sonymen qatar, biyliktegiler eldegi jemqorlyqqa qanshalyq dengeydegi ýlken soghys ashsa da, Qazaqstandaghy jemqorlyq dengeyi әzirge tómendemey otyr. Bizde de, Reseydegi sekildi jemqorlyq pen paraqorlyq jýiesining arqasynda isterin dóngeletip, soghan ýirenip alghan biznesmender jetkilikti. Ár-týrli qúrylymdargha para berip, jolyn tauyp jýrgen keybir taza emes kәsipkerlerding sany bizding elde de jyghylyp artylady. Alayda, ómir boyy para berip júmys jasap, isindi órkendetu mýmkin emes, әsirese qazirgidey daghdarys kezeninde búlay júmys jasau kim-kimge de óte qiyn soghatyny belgili. Jaghdaydyng osynday jolmen damuy - isker adamdardy qaljyratyp, keyinnen olar biznesin basqa, zandary júmys jasaytyn, oiyn erejesi aiqyn elge kóshihip әketuine aparyp soqtyrady. Degenmen de, bizding elde ortanqol kәsipkerlerding biznesin shetelge kóshirip nemese tolyghymen basqa elge kóship ketuge kóbining jaghdaylary men mýmkindikteri joq, sol sebepti olar keybir qolaysyz jaghdaylargha odan әri shydap, júmys jasaularyna tura keledi. Qazaqstanda alys shetelge kóship ketetinder nemese biznesin kóshirip alyp ketetinder, negizinen ýlken dengeydegi biznesmender.
Elimizde «chemodandy kónil-kýidegi» kәsipkerler kóp bolghan sayyn memleketimiz zor shyghyngha úshyraydy. Búnyng aqyry memleketting investisiyalyq tartymdylyghynyng tómendeuine, memleketting biznes salasyndaghy kadrlar men menedjerlerin joghaltuyna, ertenge degen senimning azangyna alyp keledi. Maqalanyng basynda aitylyp ketkendey, qalyptasqan mәseleni sheshuding bir joly, ol - birigu, qoldan keletin jәne zanda rúqsat etilgen barlyq sharalar men mehanizmderdi qoldanu arqyly júmys jasau. Saralap qaraytyn bolsaq, TMD kóleminde, әsirese Resey men Qazaqstandaghy kәsipkerler, onyng ishinde orta jәne shaghyn biznes ókilderi qoghamdaghy bolyp jatyrghan isterge jәne sayasatqa aralasudan qorqady. Negizi olay bolmauy tiyis, әriyne elimizde kәsipkerlerding qúqyqtaryn qorghaytyn, solardyng mәselelerimen ainalysatyn kәsiby úiymdar men odaqtar bar, olar turaly әngime basqa.
Qorytyndylay kelgende, Qazaqstandaghy kәsipkerler ózderining qúqyqtaryn tolyghymen qorghay almay kele jatyr, әli de bolsa ortaq problemagha baylanysty birige almay jýr, olardyng arasynda bytyranqylyq pen konformisttik, kónbistik iykem basym bolyp túr. Áriyne, bastaryna qiyndyq tua qalsa, eldegi barlyq kәsipkerler týgelimen Túmandy alibiongha ketip qalady dep aitugha bolmaydy, alayda memleket te, memleketpen qatar kәsipkerler de birigip, meyli ol ýlken, orta nemese shaghyn biznes bolsyn qalyptasqan mәselelerdi tize qosa otyryp talqylaugha, sheshuge tyrysulary kerek, eng negizgisi, otanymyzdyng isker ortasynda Reseydegi Dmitriy siyaqty «chemodandy kónil-kýidegi» kәsipkerlerding týbegeyli týrde bolmauyn qamtamasyz etuding amaldaryn izdeu.