Jýrgenovterdyng arghy babalary – Shómekeyding Bozghúlynan taraytyn Sarghasqa ruynan shyqqan Jәrimbet bi. Jәrimbet biyding esimi 1803, 1805 jyldardaghy Resey qújattarynda jazylyp, onyng Shómekey ruynyng aituly 6 biyining biri ekeni kórsetilgen. Jәrimbet býginde ru atyn alghan. Osy Jәrimbet biyden tughan Álen, odan taraghan Quang (iri baylar bolghan), Quannan Jýrgen, Túrghan taghy basqa úrpaqtar ósip-óngen. Jәrimbet biyding tikeley altynshy úrpaghy bolyp tabylatyn Temirbek (Temirshe) Qaraúly Jýrgenov jәne Jýrgenovter әuletinen taraghan úrpaqtardyng kenestik jýieden kórgen zorlyq-zombylyqtary auyr tragediyalyq jayt.
Áriyne, oqyrman qauym 1933-1937 jyldarda QazSSR Halyq aghartu komissary bolyp qyzmet istegen T.Jýrgenov turaly, onyng 1938 jyly atylghanyn, keyinnen esimi tolyq aqtalghanyn bileri sózsiz. Alayda, onyng birge tughan inileri, әkesi men Túrghan úrpaqtarynyng basyna týsken zobalandy bile bermeui әbden mýmkin.
Kolhozdastyru kezinde mal-jandy bir ortalyqqa úiystyrugha qarsy shyqqandar arasynda Jýrgenúly Qara, onyng balalary Qosjan, Dosjan, Júdyryq balasy Núrjan bolghan.

Jýrgenovterdyng arghy babalary – Shómekeyding Bozghúlynan taraytyn Sarghasqa ruynan shyqqan Jәrimbet bi. Jәrimbet biyding esimi 1803, 1805 jyldardaghy Resey qújattarynda jazylyp, onyng Shómekey ruynyng aituly 6 biyining biri ekeni kórsetilgen. Jәrimbet býginde ru atyn alghan. Osy Jәrimbet biyden tughan Álen, odan taraghan Quang (iri baylar bolghan), Quannan Jýrgen, Túrghan taghy basqa úrpaqtar ósip-óngen. Jәrimbet biyding tikeley altynshy úrpaghy bolyp tabylatyn Temirbek (Temirshe) Qaraúly Jýrgenov jәne Jýrgenovter әuletinen taraghan úrpaqtardyng kenestik jýieden kórgen zorlyq-zombylyqtary auyr tragediyalyq jayt.
Áriyne, oqyrman qauym 1933-1937 jyldarda QazSSR Halyq aghartu komissary bolyp qyzmet istegen T.Jýrgenov turaly, onyng 1938 jyly atylghanyn, keyinnen esimi tolyq aqtalghanyn bileri sózsiz. Alayda, onyng birge tughan inileri, әkesi men Túrghan úrpaqtarynyng basyna týsken zobalandy bile bermeui әbden mýmkin.
Kolhozdastyru kezinde mal-jandy bir ortalyqqa úiystyrugha qarsy shyqqandar arasynda Jýrgenúly Qara, onyng balalary Qosjan, Dosjan, Júdyryq balasy Núrjan bolghan.
Jýrgennen – Qazybay, Qara, Júdyryq t.b. balalar ósip-óngen. Osy úrpaqtyng ishinde Qara esimi erekshe qúrmetpen atalady. Qara Jýrgenúly 1858 jyly Qazaly uezine qaraytyn Qarakól-Quandariya bolysynda kóshpeli otbasynda ómirge keledi. Jogharyda aitqanymyzday, Jәrimbet, Álen, Quang da óz kezenining túlghaly azamattary bolghan. Esimi Syr men Arqagha birdey tanys, Syr sýleylerining ústazy atanghan Sarybay Ázilkesh aqynnyng Bolyq qyzben aitysynda:
“...Aq Bolyq jinishke men juan qanday?
Syimaydy-au qamzolyna sybanghanday!
Maqtaysyng onyng nesin, ei, aq Bolyq,
Qozdatqan seksen myndy Quang qanday!”
Mine, seksen myng qoy qozdatyp, 3 myng jylqy órgizgen Quannyng bel balalary Jýrgen, Túrghan, Dәgir myrza. Baylyghy demekshi, el auzyndaghy әngimelerde HIH ghasyrdyng 40-50 jyldarynda Qaraqúmda Dәgir myrza qaytys bolghanda kósh 40 kýn eru bolyp, Shatyrlyda kýmbezdi ýi-tam salayyn dese, qúmdaq jerde kesek qúya almaytyn bolady. Sonda Quang eki myng jylqynyng jaly men qúiryghyn kýzep, kýnde myng biyeni saudyryp, qúmdy sýtke iylep, kirpish bastyrady. Osy әdispen ýi-tam salghyzyp, ústalardyng tamaghyna 90 qysyraq baylatypty. Sol ýi-tam sol kezden beri Dәgir tamy atalyp keledi.
Jәrimbetten bastalghan biylik, baylyq Qara Jýrgenúlyna da jetken. 1898-1901 jyldarda bolys bolghan.
Qazaqstan ýkimetining 1927 jylghy iri baylardy tәrkileuine Qara Jýrgenúly 1928 jyly ilinedi, al onyng ýlken balalary Qosjan men Dosjan tәrkileuden qashyp, Qaraqúmdy panalaghan.
Memlekettik múraghattaghy sarghayghan qújattar arasynda Qara Jýrgenúly, onyng balasy Ysqaq pen nemeresi Minazardyng is-qaghazdary kezdesti.
Búrynghy Jarkól bolysynyng auylynda túrushy Q.Jýrgenovty 1928 jyly 4 qantarda Qazy degen jerde maldaryn aldyn-ala esepke alyp, onyng jazda Mamytta, qysta Qazy men Syrdariya boyynda bolatyndyghyn jәne 100 iri jylqysy, 40 qúlyn-tay, 120 týie men botasy, 50 siyry, bar ekenin, qoy-eshkisining 500 basty qúraytynyn iske tigipti. Sonymen qatar osy qújatta: samannan salynghan ýii, 4 jalshy ústaytyny, jeke kýimesining de barlyghy tirkelipti. Múnda jәne onyng jeke qys qystauy, jaz jaylauy, maysa shabyndyghy, oghan bóten eshkimning maly jiberilmeytini, 1919-20 jyldardaghy qyzmeti, 1926 jyly jeke qarajatymen meshit saldyrghany da jazylghan.
Aqtóbe okrugtyq komissiyasynyng 27-tamyz ben 4-qyrkýiektegi qaulylary boyynsha Qara Jýrgenúlynyng mal-mýlkin tәrkilep, osy jyldyng 27-qarashasynan qalmay (9 janymen birge) Qarqaraly okrugine baryp tirkeluin mindettegen.
Yrghyz audandyq tәrkileu komissiyasynyng mәjilisinde (4-qarasha, 1928 j.) №27 sandy sheshimimen Ysqaq Qaraúlynyng mal-mýlkin tәrkiledi. Minazardyng sharuashylyqtary bólek emes, Q.Jýrgenúlymen birge dep qauly shygharghan. Búghan qarsy Ysqaq Qaraev, Minazar Noghayúly: “bizding enshimiz bólek” dese, 1928 jyldyng 22-qarashasynda A.Bәiimbetov óz maldarynyng Dosjan, Qosjan Qara balalary men Q.Jýrgenov maldary ishinde ketip otyrghanyn, tәrkileu komissiyasynan maldaryn qaytarudy súrap aryzdanghan. Qanshama aryzdansa da, olardyng enshileri (mal-mýlki) Qaramen birge dep úigharym jasalghan.
8-qarasha 1928 jyly Yrghyz audanynda ótken jalpy jinalysta salyq tólemegeni ýshin: 1). Jýrgenúlynyng malyn alugha. 2). Alty qúlyndy biye, 2-boydaq baytal, bir aighyryn satugha úigharym da jasapty.
Qújattar deregin qarap otyrsaq, jazbalar týrlishe bolyp, tipti bir-birine qayshy tústary kezdesedi. Búl kezenning (1928-1929 jyldary) naghyz alasapyran bolyp, baylardy ayausyz qughyndaghany, tipten olardyng arasynda kedeyler men ortashalardyng da japa shekkenderi aiqyndala týsti.
Q.Jýrgenovtyng 1928 jyldyng 10-tamyzynda komissiyalardyng esepteuinshe 388 bas (iri qaragha shaqqanda) maly bolsa, qazir 204, jasynyng 65-te ekeni qújatqa týsken.
Tәrkileuge (iri baylargha) jatpaytynyn aityp Qara Jýrgenúly Qazaq ýkimetining basshysy Eltay Ernazarov pen Býkilodaq aqsaqaly atanghan M.Kalininge deyin aryzdanghan. Alayda onyng búl aryzdary qanaghattandyrylmapty. Sonday-aq ol aryzynda: “Mal sharuashylyghymen ainalysqanyn, 3 otbasynda 14-jannyng barlyghyn, mal baghudan basqa eshnәrse bilmegenin, kórmegenin, jazyghynyng joq ekenin aita otyryp, Q.Jýrgenúly Qazaq SSR Jogharghy tәrkileu komissiyasyna taghy da aryzdanghan.
“...Meni aktilegende Yrghyz audanynda edim. 27-tamyzda baylardy tәrkileu turaly shygharylghan dekreti boyynsha ústap otyr. Dekrettegi zangha malym jetpeydi, malymnyng sany – 66 irili-uaqty jylqy, 18 týie, 65 qoy, 1 búzauly siyr. Meni bay dep ústap otyr. Tәrkileuge aldyn-ala eseptegen joq, qystau, tam da, qymbat mýlik te joq. Yrghyzda eshbir júmysqa aralasqan emespin. Bolys bolghanym joq, qayta patshalyq kezende 2 jyl Yrghyzda abaqtyda, týrmede boldym. Ol turaly qolymda qújattarym da bar. Alashorda kezinde keneske jaq boldym. Sol ýshin Alashorda bastyqtary A.Temirov, Q.Seydalin degender 300 týie aiyp salyp, malymdy talady jәne ózderi qashyp ketkennen keyin de mening basymdy jauapkershilikten shygharmady. Kenes kezinde jaman sózge ilikken emespin, jauapty bolghanym joq. Jayyma kóship jýrgen sharuamyn”. (Ákesi hat tanymaytyn bolghandyqtan, әkesi Qara ýshin, rastap qol qoyghan balasy Ysqaq).
Qara Jýrgenov aryzynda jogharyday bayandasa, 1928 jyldyng 8-qarashasyndaghy Yrghyzdaghy №18 auyl adamdarynyng jalpy jinalysynda Qara haqynda bylaysha jazylypty: “Qara Jýrgenov Nikolay zamanynda 3 jyl bolys bolghan. Bolys bolyp jýrgende ózining hatshysy Zarqúm degenmen qas bolady. Sóitip aitysyp jýrgende aragha para kirip, Zarqúmdy Sibirge aidatady. Ol da qarap qalmay Qara Jýrgenovti 1902 jyly 24 aigha týrmege japqyzady. Sonday-aq, Qaranyng keybir ozbyrlyqtaryn tizbelegen”.
Jýrgenovter әuletining ómir joldaryn 45 jyldan beri zerttep jýrgendikten, sol kezendegi qújattardan Qara jayly jazbalarynyng (baylyghy, is-әreketi, qyzmeti) keybirining shyndyqqa janasatynyn anghardyq. Q.Jýrgenovting jogharyda ýzindi keltirilgen aryzynda bolys bolghanym joq deui ótirik te, 2 jyl týrmede bolghany shyndyq. Óitkeni 1901 jyldyng 25-nauryzynda Qara Jýrgenúly pen Qóshpan Aytbaevtyng ýstinen qylmystyq is qozghalyp, №362 bap boyynsha sotqa tartylyp, isi qaralghan. Búl jóninde “Turkestanskaya vedomosti” gazetinde habarlama da basylghan.
Qaranyng mәlimdeme aryzynda ýsh otbasynyng birge ekenin jazsa, balasy Ysqaq pen nemeresi Minazar Noghayúly: “...1923 jyldan Qaradan enshilerining bólek ekenin, jeke maldaryna salyq tólegen týbirshikterining (kvitansiya) barlyghyn, Ysqaqta 24 jylqy, 13 týie, 9 siyr, 50 qoy-eshkinin, Minazarda 14 jylqy, 11 týie, 6 siyr, 30-mayda malynyng Qara Jýrgenovtyng maldaryna qosylyp eseptelgenin aityp aryzdanghan”. Olardyng aryzyn Qyzylorda okrugtik notarius Qúrymshin bekitip, qolyn qoyghan.
Jergilikti úiymdar men tәrkileu komissiyasynan basqa Qazaq ýkimetining basshysyna aryzdanghan. E.Ernazarov 1928 jyldyng 30-qarashasynda Ysqaq Qaraúly men Noghaev Minazardy tәrkileuden bosatudy tapsyrghan. Búl kezde Minazardyng qarauynda sheshesi Súlu, qaryndasy Symbat bolsa, Ysqaqta eki jan ghana eken. Múraghat derekteri osylay deydi.
Múraghat qújattaryn qarap otyrsanyz әke men balany, ini men agha arasyn shatastyrghan, bir-birine qarsy qoyghan derekter de boy kórsetip qalady. Sonday derekting biri Qaraúly Ysqaqtyng Qazaq ólkelik partiya komiytetining ekinshi hatshysy Izmúqan Qúramysovqa jazghan hatynda:
“Izmúqan aghay!
Ghapu ete kóriniz, az ghana mening aryzym bar. “Maqtaghan kisidey, shaqqan óltiret” dep naqaqtan sorlap otyrmyn. Ózim eki bastan ótken zamanda jas boldym, kenes ókimet basynda auyzdyghyn auzynan sýiip aqqan jasynyng biri emespin be? Bir aljyghannyng qylmysyna aiyrbasyp, naqaqtan týsip, jas basym kóktey solyp, qyrshynnan qiylyp, qúqyghynan aiyratynday jana ókimetke ne jazyghym bar. Ádilettilik keledi ghoy dep edim, olay bolmady. Ayaghynda, osynday boldym.
Endi Izmúqan agha, úrsanyz da sizden basqa jylaytyn adam taba almadym. Óz qolynyzdan óltiriniz. Jana zangha qarsylyghym emes. Bireu ýshin kýiip baramyn. Bayaghyda eki-ýsh kýn bolsa da etiginizdi tartyp, tóseginizdi salghan, qosshylyq aqymdy eki dýniyede súraymyn?”, – deydi.
Ákesi men balasyn qarsy qoyghan kenestik sayasattyng nәtiyjesinde balasy bar kinәny әkesine audaryp, ony “aljyghan” , “bireu ýshin” degen sózderdi eriksiz aittyryp, jazdyryp otyr.
1928-1929 jyldar aralyghynda jýrgizilgen tәrkileuding kórinisi osynday bolsa, 1930 jylghy sharualardyng kenes ókimetine qarsy qaruly kóterilisi osy tәrkileuden, kolhozdastyru kezeninde bastalghan. Qara Jýrgenúlynyng eng ýlken úly Noghay tәrkileuge jetpey qaytys bolghan, odan keyingi ýlkenderi Qosjan, Dosjan Qaraqúmgha qashyp baryp, sarbazdar jasaqtap, býginde “Qaraqúm kóterilisi” degen atpen belgili kóterilis basshylarynyng biri bolghan.
Alayda, kenes ókimeti basshylarynyng tarapynan kenshilik bolady degen sózge senip, aqyry týrmege qamaldy. Qaraev Qosjan, Dosjan ekeui OGPU alqasynyng 1932 jyldyng 19-qantardaghy qaulysymen atylghan. Al Qara Jýrgenúlynyng ózi 1929-1932 jyldary Qarqaraly okrugine jer audarylyp, aqyry 1933 jyly Jalaghashtaghy №16 auylgha kelip asharshylyqtan әupirim dep aman qalady. Keyin tynysh ómir sýrip jatqan Jýrgenovter әuleti basyna taghy da zobalang týsedi. Eng aldymen Qazaqstan Halyq aghartu komissary qyzmetindegi Temirbek Jýrgenov 1937 jyldyng 2-tamyzynda KSRO prokurory Vyshinskiyding sanksiyasymen ústalyp, qamaugha alynyp, RSFSR qylmystyq kodeksining 58-1a, 58-6, 58-7,58-8 jәne 58-9 baptary boyynsha aiyptalghan.
1937 jyldyng 6-qyrkýieginde tergeushilerge bergen jauabynda T.Jýrgenov: “...Men ózimdi kinәlimin dep eseptemeymin. Sebebi eshqanday kontrrevolusiyalyq úiymgha mýshe bolghanym joq jәne onday úiymnyng bar-joghy maghan mýlde belgisiz” degen. T.Jýrgenov keyingi jauaptarynda taghylghan aiyptardyng birazyn moyyndaghan. Shyn mәninde ony zorlap moyyndatqan. Sonday-aq tergeushilerding isine respublikalyq basylymdardyng jala japqan maqalalary da kómektesken tәrizdi.
KSRO Jogharghy Sotynyng Áskery kollegiyasynyng kóshpeli mәjilisinde Temirbek Jýrgenovting qylmystyq isi qaralyp, atu jazasyna kesilgen 19 komissardyng biri boldy. Ýkim 1938 jyldyng 25-aqpanynda qazirgi Janalyq auylynda oryndalypty.
Almatydaghy Temirbekting ústaluyn kýtip otyrghanday Qarmaqshy audandyq NKVD bólimshesin basqarghan serjant S.A.Pyatkin Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblystyq NKVD basqarmasyna qatynas joldap, Qara Jýrgenovti 1 kategoriyamen tútqyndaugha rúqsat súraghan.
Basshylarynan kelisim alghan Pyatkin Q.Jýrgenovti 17-tamyzda qamap, 15-qyrkýiegindegi Ontýstik Qazaqstan NKVD basqarmasynyng “ýshtiginin” sheshimimen atugha búiryq shygharylyp, ol ýkim 1938 jyldyng 25-qyrkýieginde Qyzylorda qalasy manynda oryndalghan.
“Halyq jauynyn” әieli atanghan Dәmesh Ermekova bas bostandyghynan aiyrylyp, “Aljirde” bolady. 1946 jyly ghana Almatygha keluge rúqsat etilgen. Al Temirbek Qaraúly Jýrgenovtyng ózi 1957 jyldyng 18 -kókegindegi KSRO Jogharghy Sotynyng Áskery kollegiyasynyng sheshimimen tolyq aqtaldy. Alayda D.Ermekova, M.Baydildaev t.b. azamattardyng izdenisteri nәtiyjesinde alghash ret T.Jýrgenovtyng 70 jyldyghy 1968 jyly ataldy. Mine, sodan beri 80,90,100,110 jyldyq mereyli jyldary atalyp ótude. Kóptegen mektepter men mәdeny oryndargha, kóshelerge T.Jýrgenov esimi berildi. Almatydaghy óner akademiyasy T.Jýrgenov esimimen atalady.
Jýrgenovter әuletining basynan keshkenderin osymen toqtatugha bolar edi. Alayda Jýrgenov úrpaqtarynyng biri “Qúdaygha shýkir, biz barmyz” degen Qosjanov Qinazar (1927-2000) aghaydyng jazghan maqalasy qamshylap otyr.
1937 jyly aiy, kýni kórsetilmegen qamaudaghy Q.Jýrgenov turaly anketada onyng 1858 jyly Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysy, Qyzylorda audanynda Qarakól degen jerde tuyp, Qarmaqshy audanynyng №16 auylynda túrghany jazylyp, otbasy mýsheleri týzilgen. Áyeli Kәnpit Demesinova 49 jasta, úldary: Qosjan Qaraev 44, Dosjan Qaraev 43, Temirbek Jýrgenov 40, Ysqaq Qaraev 30, Kәpnazar 29, Minazar Noghaev 17, Qaraev Aynazar 12, Zaghipa Qaraeva 5 jasta dep kórsetilip, aiyptau qújatynyng №937 is ekenin de anyq jazghan. Mine osyndaghy tizimde Tashkentte oquda jýrgen Binazar (Bitay) Quanovtyng esimi joq, ol 1920 jyly tuylghan.
Qara Jýrgenovti ústap, ýiine tintu jýrgizgende (1937 jyldyng 17-tamyzynda) mynanday zattary tizimge alynghan:
1. 6250 som aqshasy (1919 jylghy ýlgidegi);
2. 160 som aqsha (búl aqshasy qaytarylyp berilgen);
3. Qoyyn dәpteri (qazaqtyng ruy jazylghan);
4. Aqshany aiyrbastau turaly “Narkom Finge” jazghan aryzy;
5. Pensiyagha shyghuy turaly ótinish qaghazy kórsetilgen.
Qara Jýrgenov KSRO Jogharghy Kenesi prezidiumynyng 1989 jylghy 16-qantardaghy “30-40 jyldary 50 jyldyng bas kezinde oryn alghan jappay kughyn-sýrginning qúrbandarynyng pravolaryn qalpyna keltiru turaly” jarlyghyna sәikes 1990 jyly 28 qarashada Jýrgenov Qara aqtalghan. Osylaysha әkeli-bala aqtaldy. Aqtalsa da olardyng ýrim-bútaqtarynyng jýreginde orny tolmas qayghy, auyr jyldardyng óksigi men ashy zapyrany qaldy. Búl oilardy Qaranyng kenjesi – Zaghipa Smaghúlova men nemeresi Qinazar Qosjanovpen sóileskende anyq angharatyn edim.
Jýrgenov Qaradan tikeley taraghan úrpaqtary: Qosjan, Dosjan, Temirbek, Ysqaq, Almatydaghy “Tau-ken” institutynyng studenti Kәpnazar, Aynazar OGPU-NKVD qúryghyna týsip, atylyp ketse, kishi balasy Binazar, nemeresi Minazar, Júmanazar soghysqa qatysyp, maydannan Binazar (Bitay) ghana aman oraldy. Bir Qaranyng úrpaghynan (ózin qosa eseptegende) 7 adam atylsa, Qaramen birge tughan Júdyryqtyng balasy Núrjan (1893-1973) Vladivostokqa 10 jylgha jer audarylyp, kóp azap tartyp elge keldi. Jýrgenmen birge tughan Túrghan úrpaqtary Qaraqúldyng (1848- jyly tughan) alymdy tughan balasy Pirnazar Qaraqúlov (1902 jyly tuylghan qazirgi “Janatalap” kolhozynyng alghashqy basqarma tóraghasy bolghan túsynda Qaranyng balasy Ysqaqpen birge 1937 jylghy 29 jeltoqsan NKVD “ýshtiginin” ýkimimen ústalyp, 1938 jyldyng 27 qantarynda sotsyz atylghan. Sonday-aq Qara Jýrgenovting nemere inileri Jarasbay, onyng úldary Smahan men Ysqaq ta Qaraqúm kóterilisinde opat bolady.
Jýrgenovterding keyingi úrpaqtary da qabilet-qarymy mol, sauatty bola túra kenestik kezende zorlyqtan qútyla almady.
T.Jýrgenov jayly jazylghan bir maqalanyng sonynda:
“...Sosialistik qoghamnyng – qatygez jýiening qorlyghy men mazaghyna úshyraghan bir shanyraqtyng túqym-teberigi osylay týgel qúryp, birjola joq boldy” dep jazghan-dy. Osyny oqyghan Jýrgenovter әuletining biri, ústaz Qinazar Qosjanov “Júldyz” jornaly men “Egemen Qazaqstan” gazetterinde “Qúdaygha shýkir, biz barmyz” dep ózining kókeyinde jýrgen oilaryn ortagha salghan-dy. Biz de 31 mamyr – sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni qarsanynda bir әuletten qanshama kisilerding kenesting kesir sayasaty nәtiyjesinde qúrban bolghandyghyn naqty qújattardaghy derektermen sóz etuge úmtyldyq.

Tynyshbek DAYRABAY, zertteushi
«Týrkistan» gazeti 28 mamyr 2009 jyl