XIX gh. ayaghy men XX gh. basynda qazaq dalasynda Reseyding sayasy partiyalarynyng filialdary ashyla bastady. 1905-1906 jyldary sol kezdegi qazaq qalalarynda «Kadet», «Narodnaya svoboda», «Sosial demokrattar» jәne t.b. partiyalar resmy týrde tirkelip, ózderining ýgit- nasihat júmystaryn jýrgizip túrghan. Ishki Reseydegi tolqulardyng ekpini qazaq qalalaryn da sharpyp, patshagha qarsy ereuilder men sheruler Oral, Perovsk, Aqtóbe, Petropavl, jәne t.b. qalalardaghy ónerkәsip oryndarynda, temirjol júmysshylary arasynda jii bolyp otyrdy.

Mine, osynday kezde mem­lekettik Du­magha saylau bolatyny turaly zang shyqqany qazaq arasyna da jetedi. Ózderin tengermey, jartykesh sanap jýrgen ýkimetting endi elding basty zang shygharushy organynyng mýsheliginen oryn bermegi qazaqqa jaqsy janalyq әkelgen habar edi. Biraq, jergilikti biyliktegiler saylau nauqanyn úiymdastyrudy kóp uaqyt qolgha almaydy. Tek, halyqtyng qysymymen ghana ol merziminen әldeqayda kesh bastalady. Tipti, aumaqtyq bóliniske kelgende de barynsha әdiletsiz bolady. Mәselen, qazaq dalasynyng Aqmola, Semey, Torghay, Oral guberniyalaryna bólingen 10 deputattyq mandattyng býkil halyqtyng 70% qúraytyn qazaqtargha 4-euin, al 30% qúraytyn orystar qonystanghan qalalarda 6-uyn ghana beredi. Osylaysha, uaqytyly ótkizilmegen saylaudyng úzaqqa sozyluynyng kesirinen qazaq deputattary tym kesh qalyp, Dumanyng júmysyna alghashqy kýnnen qatysa almaydy. Mәselen, A.Qalmenúly, A.Birimjanúly, Sankt-Peterburgke Duma ashylghannan keyin bir jarym ay ótken song kelse, Á.Bókeyhanúly onyng jabyluyna biraz kýnder qalghanda ghana jetedi (sebebi, Dala general gubernatorynyng negizsiz jarlyghymen sottyng tergeuinsiz, 3 ay Pavlodar abaq­tysynda otyrdy). Degenmen, qansha jetispeushilikteri bolsa da, búl qazaq dalasynda demokratiyalyq jolmen ótken túnghysh saylau edi. 1-shi Dumagha qazaqtar arasynan 8 deputat qana saylandy. Sonyng ózinde de qazaq deputattary belsendilik tanytyp, әrtýrli komissiyalargha mýshe boldy. Joghary bilimdi zanger A.Birimjanúly – әskery dala sottaryn joy jónindegi zang jobasyn jasau komissiyasyna engiziledi. Ol A.Qalmenúly ekeui jogharghy ýkimet oryndaryna qazaq jerine qonys audarushylardy ornalastyru barysynda zang búzushylyq әreketter jasalyp jatqany jóninde súrau salady. Patsha 1-shi Dumany óktemdikpen taratqanda oghan saylanghan deputattar qarsylyq bildirip, Vyborg qalasyna jinalady. 182 deputat qatysqan búl oppozisiyalyq jiyn tarihta «Vyborg ýndeui» degen ataumen qaldy. Jinalghandar patshanyng әdiletsiz sheshimin aiyptap, onyng jýgensiz isterin әshkereleuge tyrysty. II memlekettik Dumagha qazaqtardan 7 deputat saylanghan. Olardyng keybireuleri (Sh.Qosshyghúlúly, A.Birimjanúly, B.Qúlmanúly) eki ret saylandy. Al, Á.Bókey­hanúly «Vyborg ýndeuine» qol qoyghandyqtan ókimet ony qughyngha úshyratyp, qylmysker atandyrdy, al zang boyynsha ol deputattyqqa kandidat bola almady. Búl Dumada belsendirek bolghan qazaq deputattary: B.Qaratayúly hat-habarlardy retteu, ar-ojdan bostandyghy, al M.Tynyshbayúly agrarlyq komissiyagha mýshe boldy. Yaghni, Reseyding 1-shi jәne 2-shi memlekettik Dumalaryna qazaqtardan bar-joghy 12 adam saylanghan edi.
1. Álihan Bókey­hanúly 1870 jyly búrynghy Semey oblysy, Qarqaraly uezi, Toqyrauyn bolysynyng 7-shi auylynda tughan. Orta jýz hany Bókeyding úrpaghy. Alash qozghalysynyng jetekshisi, ghalym, qogham jәne memleket qayratkeri. Qazaq halqynyng ruhany kósemi, Alash partiyasynyng jәne Alashorda ýkimetining tóraghasy. 1-shi Dumagha Semey oblysynan saylanghan. Kadet partiyasynyng mýshesi. Aldymen Qarqaralydaghy Zarif molda medresesinde oqyghannan keyin ony mise tútpay qaladaghy ýshsynypty bastauysh mektepke auysady. 1889 j. sol qaladaghy qazaq balalaryna arnalghan mektepti, 1890 j. Ombydaghy tehnikalyq uchiliysheni bitiredi. 1890-1894 jj. Sankt-Peterburgtegi imperatorlyq Orman institutynyng ekonomika fakulitetin ayaqtaydy. 1901 jyly imperatorlyq Orys Geografiyalyq Qoghamynyng mýshesi bolyp saylanady. 1905 jyly qazaq dalasynda alghash ret sayasy talaptar jasap, 14,5 myng adam qol qoyghan Qarqaraly petisiyasynyng úiymdastyrushysy boldy.
2. Múhametjan Tynysh­bayúly 1879 jyly búrynghy Jetisu oblysynyng Lepsi uezine qarasty Maqanshy-Sadyr bolysyndaghy Jylandy tauynyng eteginde tughan. Qogham qay­ratkeri, qazaqtyng túnghysh te­mirjol injeneri, tarihshy ghalym, Qoqan avtonomiyasynyng basshysy, Alashorda ýkimetining mýshesi. 2-shi memlekettik Dumagha Jetisu oblysynan saylanghan. 1890 jyly Vernyy qalasyndaghy erler gimnaziyasyna týsip, ony altyn medalimen bitirgen. Sankt-Peterburgtegi I Aleksandr atyndaghy Jol qatynasynyng injenerlerin dayarlaytyn ins­titutqa týsken. 1905 jyly osy qaladaghy avtonomiyashylar odaghynyng 1-shi Qúryltayyna qatysyp, «Qazaqtar hәm azattyq qozghalysy» degen taqyrypta bayandama jasaghan.
3. Ahmet Birimjanúly 1871 tughan. Alashorda ýkimetining mýshesi, qogham qayratkeri, Shaqshaq Jәnibek batyrdyng úrpaghy, aghartushy-demokrat Ybyray Altynsarinning tuysy. Ekiklastyq uchiliysheni, 1891 j. Orynbordaghy erler gimnaziyasyn kýmis medalimen, 1899 j. Qazan uniyversiytetining zang fakulitetin altyn medalimen bitirgen. 1-shi jәne 2-shi memlekettik Du­malaryna Torghay oblysy qazaq­tarynyng atynan saylanghan.Orynbor, Aqtóbe uezderinde sot qyzmetkeri, bitimger sudiya bolyp qyzmet istegen. 1906 jyly 2-shilde kýngi Duma otyrysynda qazaqtar arasynan birinshi bolyp minberden sóilegen adam.
4. Sәlimgerey Jantóre­úly 1864 tughan, 1-shi memlekettik Dumagha Ufa guberniyasynan saylanghan. Kadet partiyasynyng mýshesi, joghary bilimdi, Orynbor gimnaziyasyn bitirgennen keyin Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetining zang fakulitetin jәne Mәskeu uniyversiytetining fizika-matematika fakulitetinde oqyghan. Guberniyalyq zemstvonyng bas­tyghy qyzmetin atqarghan. Ózi Bashqúrt jerinen deputat bolyp saylansa da, tughan halqynyng mún-múqtajyn qorghaugha ýles qosty. Qazaq halqynyng bolashaqta orys­tanyp ketuinen qauiptengen adam.
5. Alpysbay Qalmenúly 1860 jyly tughan, I memlekettik Dumagha Oral oblysynan say­langhan. Kadet partiyasynyng mý­shesi, Orynbor gimnaziyasyn bitirgennen song joghary bilim alghan, Ishki Ordany basqaru kenesining mýshesi bol­ghan. Hal­qynyng bilim alyp, oty­ryq­shy bolu isteri ony ýnemi tolghan­dyrghan. Ana tilinde mektepter ashyluyn qoldaghan.
6. Dәuit Noyan Túndyt 1860 jyly tughan, I memlekettik Du­magha Astrahani guberniyasynan saylanghan. Kadet partiyasynyng mýshesi, auqatty otbasynda tuyp, patsha liyseyinen bilim alghan. Keyin joghary oqu ornyn bitirgen. Memlekettik Duma mýshelerining tiziminde jer iyelenushi dep kórsetilgen.
7. Temirghaly Núrekenúly 1858 jyly tughan, 2-shi memlekettik Dumagha Semey oblysynan saylanghan. Bastauysh bilimi bar, auqatty otbasynan shyqqan. Osy oblystaghy Sәiten әkimshiligining bolysy bolghan. Dumanyng músylmandar fraksiyasyna engen. Ózi de kókirek kózi oyau, qajylyq paryzyn ótegen, diny sauatty adam eken.
8. Tileuli Allaber­gen­úly 1856 jyly tughan, 2-shi memlekettik Dumagha Syrdariya oblysynan saylanghan. Bastauysh bilimi bar, bay adam bolghan. Dumanyng músylmandar fraksiyasynyng mýsheligine ótken.
9. Shәimәrden Qosshyghúlúly 1869 jyly tughan, 1-shi jәne 2-shi memlekettik Dumalargha Aqmola oblysynan saylanghan. Auyl moldasynan bilim alghan. Duma mýshelerining tiziminde auqatty, bay adam dep kórsetilgen. Orys tilin bilmeytindigi sebepti 2-shi Dumanyng resmy tizimine kirgizilmegen. Músylman fraksiyasynda bolghan. El ishinde bedeldi kisi bolyp, óz qarajatyna mektep ashqan. Halyqty qanaushylyqtan, ezgiden qútqarudyng jolyn izdep, týrli sharalargha barghan.
10. Baqytjan Qaratayúly 1860 jyly tughan, Ábilqayyr hannyng shóberesi. II memlekettik Dumagha Oral oblysynan saylanghan. Orynbor gimnaziyasyn, al 1890 jyly Sankt-Peterburg uniyversiytetining zang fakulitetin altyn medalimen bitirgen. Patshanyng Ádilet ministrligining búiryghymen Gruziyanyng Kutaisy qalasyna tergeushi bolyp barghan. Bir qyzyghy, onymen Oral oblysynan 18 otbasy birge barady. Kenes Odaghy kezinde de týrli qyzmetter istegen. 1934 jyly 74 jasynda dýniyeden ótti.
11. Baqtygerey Qúlmanúly 1857 jyly tughan, 1-shi jәne 2-shi memlekettik Dumagha Astrahani guberniyasyndaghy Ishki Orda qazaqtarynan saylanghan. Auqatty adam bolghan. Deputattardyng tiziminde joghary bilimdi, sheneunik dep jazylghan. Músylmandar fraksiyasynyng mýshesi.
12. Molda Tayynúly 1-shi memlekettik Dumagha Jetisu ob­lysynan dәl onyng taraytyn qarsanynda saylanghan. Sondyqtan bolsa kerek, onyng esimi resmy tizimge engizil­geni­men, ol turaly basqa derekter ta­bylmauda.

Aydyn YRYSBEK.

Derekkóz: http://www.qazaquni.kz/?p=31943

Týpnúsqadaghy taqyryp: Alashtan shyqqan alghashqy deputattar

Abay.kz