"Qazaq әdebiyeti" gazetinde jaryq kórgen ekeuding әngimesi týrtki bolyp, әdebiyetting qatardaghy oqyrmany retinde jazushynyng jauapkershiligi jayly birer auyz pikir aitugha bel budyq.

Ózderiniz de biletindey, әdebiyet qoghamnan, jýieden tys ómir sýre almaydy. Jýiening boyyndaghy bar kemshilik әdebiyette de bar. Ásirese, әdebiyetti jasap otyrghan qalamgerler boyynan jii bayqalady. Ony jaryq kórgen kitaptardy, baspasózge shyqqan shygharmalardy oqu barysynda bayqaymyz. Shygharma – jazushynyng ainasy. Ol ainadan jaqsy oqyrmangha jazushynyng jazushylyq bolmysy kórinip túrady. Mәselen, biz ómir sýrip otyrghan jýiening qogham, halyq aldyndaghy jauapkershiligi qanday tómen bolsa, jas aqyn-jazushylardyng jazu men oqyrman aldyndaghy jauapkershiligi de sol dengeyde. Baspasózde jariyalanyp, kitap bolyp shyqqan keybir shygharmalardaghy sóz qúrylymyndaghy kóp qate, oqigha jelisinde birdi aityp, birge ketip, aqyr sonynda shygharma ne turaly ekeni jәne jazushynyng ne aitqysy kelgeni belgisiz kýide ayaqtalady. Al, osynday dýniyelerdi kórkem әdeby tuyndy dep oqyrmangha úsynu jazushy atanyp jýrgenderding jauapkershilikti mýldem sezinbeytindigi. Qazirgi oqyrman zamana bergen mýmkindikti meyilinshe paydalanyp, әlem әdebiyetindegi jana tuyndylardy oqyp otyrghanyn eskersek, jogharydaghyday shygharmalardy talghamy jaqsy oqyrman paraqtay qalsa, alghashqy birneshe sóilemin oqyghannan keyin myrs etip, kitapty qayta jabatyny sózsiz. Jazushynyng jazugha jauapkershiligi joq jerde shygharmanyng úyaty tógilip, oqyrman ony oqugha ynghaysyzdanyp әri ózining oqyrmandyq dengeyin tómendetkisi kelmeytini týsinikti. Ádebiyette sot joq. Oqyrman eshqayda shaghymdana almaydy. «Ádebiyet – ardyng isi» bolatyndyghy sodan. Álgindey shygharmalardy qalyptasqan nemese ósu ýstindegi oqyrman qalamgerding aryna qaldyrady. Alayda, oqyrman úyalghan qatelik jazushynyng әr jaryq kórgen shygharmasynda qaytalansa, bir elidey bolsa da ósu, tar taqyryptyq shenberden shyghugha talpynys jasamay, sol bayaghy qaradýrsinmen kele jatsa, әdebiyetting qiyn jaghdayyn aityp, kimge shaghynasyz?! Ádebiyet aldynda tittey de jauapkershilikti sezinbegen jazushy býginde kýsheyip kele jatqan qogham talaby óz kezeginde әdebiyetke de keletinin, oqyrman jazushynyng qateligin keshirmeytin kýn tuatynyn osy bastan eskergeni jón. Sol ýshin jazushy ekeninizdi kórsetu ýshin jana shygharmanyzdy jariyagha jar salyp, daladan oiynshyq tauyp alghan baladay alaqaylap jýgirmes búryn óz shygharmanyzgha óziniz syn kózben qarap ýirengeniniz abzal. Óitkeni, qazaq әdebiyetinde Sizge deyin oqyrmanyn ósirgen, ruhaniyattyng jetekshisine ainalghan ghajayyp tuyndylar bar. Tym qúryghanda, ózinizge deyingi әdebiyetting ýlgisine qaranyz, ol tuyndylardy jazghan qalamgerlerding әr sóz-sóilem men ýtir-nýktege deyin qanshalyqty jauapkershilikpen qaraghanyn kóriniz. Búdan keyin de jazuynyzda jauapkershilik bolmasa, shygharmanyzda kórkem shygharmagha asa qajetti kompenentter, yaghni, oqigha qúru, obraz jasau, keyipkerlerdi psihologiyalyq iyirimder, is-әreket qimyl ýstindegi útymdy detaldar arqyly әr qyrynan jarqyrata ashu sol arqyly oqyrmangha oy tamyzyq tastap, oilanugha iytermeley almasanyz, onda jazushylyqty qoyyp, әdebiyetti qinamay ózinizding oqyrmandar arasyndaghy ornynyzgha jayghasqanynyz jaqsy.

Qalamgerding jauapkershilik mәselesinde taghy bir aitayyq degenimiz ol – aqyn-jazushy atyn iyemdenu. Sóz basynda aitqanymyzday, qogham men jýiening kórinisi ter tókpey, qinalmay, ónerding jauapkershiligi men onyng jýgin sezinbey, ózin op-onay әnshi-kýishi, әrtis - óner adamy atay salu  etek aldy. Osy bir әdet әdebiyetke de keldi. Aqyn, jazushy atanu dýniyedegi eng onay nәrsege ainaldy. Búl jerde ekeuding әngimesindegi qalamgerding ataq-danqty birinshi oryngha qoyyp, sol jolda jazudyn, әdebiyetting jauapkershigin sezinbey, shalajansar shygharmalardy baspasózge jariyalap, kitap etip shygharyp jantalasyp jýrgen әdeby minezderi haqynda aitqan oilarymen kelisemiz. Yaghni, aqyn ya jazushy atanugha, sol atqa layyq bolu ýshinde qalamgerding shygharmasynda óz ýni, óz aitary, óz qoltanbasy kórinbese de, tym qúryghanda shygharma kórkem әdebiyetting talaptary men ólshemderine say boluy tiyis. Kez kelgen ónerding óz ólshemi, talaptary bolatyny siyaqty әdebiyette de oiyna kelgendi jazyp, bir jylt etken sәtti oidyng qaghazgha týsken núsqasyn kórkem shygharma deuge bolmaytynyn bilgenimiz abzal.

Jauapkershilik mәselesinde agha buyn qalamgerlerding jas aqyn-jazushylargha pikir aitqan kezde de әdebiyetting aldyndaghy jauapkershilikti úmytpasa eken deymiz. Óitkeni, jazushy bolugha talpynyp, birdi-ekili kitap shygharyp, gazet-jurnalda shygharmalary jariyalanyp jýrgen jas qalamgerler ýshin әr pikir manyzdy. Manyzdy bolatyny, olar sol pikir-kózqarastargha qarap, boy týzeydi. Kórinip túrghan kemshilikti jasyryp, birynghay maqtap, әr kez arqadan qaghu jas qalamgerding jauapkershiligin bәsendetedi. Agha buyn da jas qalamgerdi ishtey әdebiyettegi óz bәsekelesi kóru mýmkin. Jastar shygharmashylyghyndaghy olpy-solpy kemshilikterdi aitpay, býgip qalu da bәsekeleske qarsy әdis boluy da ghajap emes. Sondyqtan, әr jazushy óz shygharmasyna eng әueli ózi oqyrman, ózi qatal synshy bolghanda ghana ózining jazushylyq quatyn, qarymyn, әdeby oilau jýiesin dәl әri dúrys eseptey alady. Búl – ósuge negiz. Al, esep dúrys bolmaghan jaghdayda, jazudaghy kemshilikter terendey bereri sózsiz. Qúr maqtan, jel sózge arqalanu sodan kelip, ózining jazuy jayyndaghy tym ózimshil baghanyng qalyptasuy shygharmashylyqty toqyratady. Qisyq qalamnan tughan óli shygharmalardyng ghúmyry qashan da bir tútam. Ári múnday shygharmalar eshqashan tolyq әdeby synnyng obektisi bola almaydy. Óitkeni, tolyqqandy әdeby syn ýshin materialda soghan say tolymdy boluy shart. Tolymdy shygharmalar joq jerde, әdeby synda adymyn asha almaydy. Syngha material joq bolghan son, synnyng ózi amalsyzdan jazushylyqtyng alghashqy әlippesining negizgi erejelerin ejiktep týsindiruge mәjbýr. Biraq, jazugha talpynushylardyng ólsheminen asyp ketken ózimshildigi, ózimbilermendigi, baspasóz betinde mәdeniyetti pikir almasudyng joqtyghy әdebiyetti bylay qoyyp, jazudy týsinuimizding ózine kedergi bolyp túr. Búl jaghdayda jauapkershilikti aitudyng ózi artyq sekildi kórinedi...

Qazirgi mýmkindikterding arqasynda oqyrman kýndelikti ósip, talghamy qalyptasqan oqyrmandardyng qataryn tolyqtyryp jatqan uaqytta jazushylardyng jazu men oqyrman aldyndaghy jauapkershilikti sezine almay, oqyrmandargha ilese almay otyrghany ókinishti. Sonyng kesirinen oqyrmandarynan aiyrylyp jatqanyn da aitqymyz keledi. Taqyryptyng moldyghyna, qayshylyqqa toly keyipkerlerding ainalasynda «meni jaz» dep jýrgenine qaramastan, jazushylardyng sol bayaghy auyl ishinen alystap shygha almay, tabighatqa tamsanyp, auyl keyipkeri auzymen aqyl aityp, aq pen qarany ghana shendestiruden әrige bara almay otyrghany da oqyrmandy «jazushy qay zamanda qalghan» degen oigha jeteleydi. Bayandaudan aspaytyn múnday jazudyng ózi sәtti shyghyp  jatyr dep aitugha kelmeydi. Múnday shygharmalardy jazyp jýrgen jazushylardyng әdeby oilau jýiesin kórip, Múhtar Áuezov nege Qúrmashty Kókserekke talatty degen bir ghana saualdyng tónireginde pikir almassa, oiyn qalay órbitetini jazushynyng oilau qarymyna ýlken salmaq bolatynday. Búl da jazugha degen ishki jauapkershilikting joqtyghynyng kórinisi. Sebebi, jazu ýshin әueli búghan deyingi jazu týrleri súryptalyp, zamannyng býgingi beynesi jinaqtalyp, jazushynyng әdeby oilau jýiesine jattyghu jasalyp, esep qúrylyp, jospar týzilui tiyis. Demek, jazugha jauapkershilik jazushynyng eng basty mindeti. Onsyz jaqsy shygharma men qalyng oqyrmannan dәmelenu – esepsiz ketken esil uaqyt, rәsua bolghan qaghaz.

Ómirjan Ábdihalyqúly

Abai.kz