Jalghasy. Ótken bólimderin tómendegi siltemelerden oqy alasyzdar: 

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11229

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11255

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11495  

Orman eli-alshyndar 13 ghasyrdaBúqtyrmaózeninen Baykal kóline deyingi (Barghújy toqym) aralyqtaghy Altay-Sayan tauly ormandary men ormandy dalalarynda meken etti. Múnda tau teke, arqar, kiyik, qúlan, qaraqúiryq,  elik, búghy, maral,búlan, qaban, jabayy týie, ai, sileusin, irbis, qasqyr, týlki, qoyan, tiyin, búlghyn,susar, kәmshat, aqkis, borsyq, suyr siyaqty januarlar jәnekekilik, qyrghauyl, qaz-ýirek, úlar, qúr t.s.s.  20 ghasyrdyng basyndanebәri 291 týrli qús bolghanyn G. Grumm-Grjimaylo óz enbeginde atap ótedi. 13 ghasyrda an-qústyng sany da, týri de әldeqayda kóp bolghany týsinikti.

Alshyndardyng negizgi kýn kóru kәsibi anshylyq boldy. Anshylyq túraqty jәne mausymdy negizde jýrgizildi. Tiyin aulau qyrkýiekte bastalsa, qazan aiynda qúndyz, jeltoqsanda taueshki, búlan aulanghan. Týlkini kýzden erte kóktemge deyin aulaghan. Basqa andar jyl boyy, jazdyng eki aiynan basqa uaqytta aulandy. Kýz mezgilinde aulanghan túyaqty iri januarlardyng eti, mayy qysta kýndelikti azyq retinde paydalanylu ýshin sýrlenip, terisi óndelip, syrt kiyim, ayaq kiyim, týrli ýy búiymdaryn jasaugha júmsaldy. Baghaly ang terileri aiyrbas tauary ne syi-siyapat retinde jýrdi.Onyng bir mysaly, jogharyda keltirilgen «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresinen» ýzindi. OndaQyrghyz jәne Orman elderining noyandary Shynghys hangha  tartu-taralghy retinde aqboz at pen aqsúnqardan basqa qara búlghyn silaydy.

Atalmysh shejirede mynaday da oqigha bar. Áyeli Bórtening jasauy retinde kelgen qara búlghyn ishiktiTemýjinkereyitting Túghyryl Ong hanyna syigha beredi. Búl ishik keyinirek ózining tarihy rólin atqardy, Ong han búlghyn ishik ýshin Bórteni merkitter tútqynynan azat etuge kómektesti.

«104-bólim

Solay jasaghan song Temýjin, Qasar, Belgýtey ýsheui Kereyding Túghyryl Ong hany Tuyl ózenining Qara Týn degen jerde bolghanynda baryp:

«Ýsh Merkit ayaq astynan andausyzda jetip kelip bala-shaghany alyp ketti. Han әkey, әielim men úldarymdyqútqaryp beriniz dep keldik» deydi. Ol sózge Túghyryl Ong han bylay deydi:

«Men byltyr saghan aitpap pa edim. Búlghyn tonyndy әkelip, әkemmen bir zamanda anda bolghan әkemdey qamqorla dep kiygizgen kezde men saghan

«Qara búlghyn ton ýshin,

Qanghyrghan elindi jinap bereyin.

Búlghyn ton ýshin,

bytyraghan elindi

tútastyryp bereyin.

Býirekten siraq shyqpasyn,

Kókirekten sóz shyqpasyn»

dep aitpap pa edim.

Endi sol sózimde túryp,

búlghyn tonyng ýshin

býkil Merkitti byt-shyt etip,

Bórte ýjinindi әkelip bereyin men,

qara búlghyn tonyng ýshin

barlyq Merkitti talqandap,

Bórte qatúndy qaytaryp bereyik biz».[1]                           

Temýshin dýniyege kelgende ýrәnqaydyng Jarshytay degen aqsaqaly (Shynghys hannyng danqty qolbasshysy Sýbeteyding әkesi) syilyqqa búlghynjórgekalyp keledi, ol turaly «Mongholdardyng qúpiya shejiresinde» mynaday joldar bar:

«Sodan keyin olar qaytyp Býrgi jaghasyndabolghanda Búrqan Qaldúnnan Úryianqaylyq kisi Jarchyday aqsaqal kórigin kóterip, Jelme degen úlyn ertip kelip, «Onon ózeni Deluin Boldaq degen jerde bolghanda Temýjin tughan kezinde búlghyn jórgek bergen edim. Sol kezde Jelmeni bermekshi edim, ol jasy kishi bolghan song alyp ketken edim.

Endi Jelmemen

Er toqymyndy erttet,

Esigindi týrgiz»

-dep ony Temýjinge berdi».[2]

Temýjinge atqosshy bolghan Jelme keyin ataqty noyangha ainaldy, keyinirek oghan inisi Sýbetey de kelip qosylyp, Shynghys hangha qyzmet etti.Sýbeteyding qolbasshylyq ataq-danqy aghasynan da, bacqa monghol әmirlerinen de asyp týsti.

Orman elining keybir taypalarynyng attary olardyng qanday kәsippen ainalysqanyn kórsetedi.

«Plemena bulagachin y keremuchiyn.

[Oba] ony obitaly v predelah [toy je

mestnosti] Bargudjiyn-Tokum y u samogo kraya

strany kirgizov. Ony blizky drug k drugu».[3] 

Rashid әd-Dinaytyp otyrghan búl eki taypa búlghyn jәne tiyin aulaumen ainalysqan.

BULGAI. búlghyn;~n malgay búlghyn tymaq; ~ny aris búlghynnyng terisi.[4]

HEREM I.(jәndik) tiyin;~niy horiyl tiyinning qorghaghy, tiyinning úyasy; ~niy hongio tiyinning úyasy, tiyinning ýngiri; har ~ qara tiyin; huv ~qúbang tiyin, buryl tiyin.[5]

Jogharyda Urungu ózenining boyynmekendegenMasqarlar turaly  Grumm- Grjimaylodan ýzindi keltirilgen edi. Urungu ózenining mongholsha atauy da búlghyngha baylanysty- Bulgan-Gol= Búlghyndy ózen.

Sayat-ýrәnqaylardyng Qosoghol kólining manynda túratyn bir ruy Halush nemese Qaliushyn dep atalady[6] - kәmshat auluaushylar degen sóz, qaranyz:

HALIU 1. (jәndik) qama, qamshat, 2. (teri) qamshat teri; ~malghay qamshat  tymaq; ~zah qamshat jagha.[7]

Alshyn shejiresining Shekti Tileudi Edigeden tarqatatyn variantynda  Qalu degen atamyz bar.Tarih zertteushi Amanbay Qúntóleuov Qalu turaly bylay deydi:

«Álqissa, Kishi jýzding 25 rudan túratyn atalyghyn – 12 ata Bayúly, 7 ata Jetiru jәne 6 ata Álim qúraydy. Álimning bir balasynyng aty Jamanaq (Shekti atalady- A. Q.) ekeni jogharyda aityldy. Osy arada aita ketetin qayshylyghy mol bir mәsele bar. Bir shejirede Shektiden- Shynghys, Óris, Baubek tudy dese, ekinshisi: Shektiden- Shynghys, Óris, Baubek jәne Qalu (Mәku) tughan deydi. Al osyndaghy Qalu Shektining balasy ma, joq pa?-deytin súraqqa jauap izdep, kelesi bir shejirening avtory, qazaqtyng әigili tarihshysy M. Tynyshbaevtyng tújyrymdauyn qaperge alsaq, ol tumaghan bolyp shyghady».[8]

Qalu esimi de an-qúsqa baylanysty. Qazaqqa maghynasy týsiniksiz búl sóz qaz degendi bildiredi:

GALUU qaz, qonyrqaz (qús); ~ny degdeehey qonyrqazdardyng balapany; ~ shuvuu ganganah qonyrqazdar qanqyldau; tejeemel ~ asyrandy qaz, ýy qazy;zerleg ~jabayy qaz.[9]

13 ghasyrda Sayan taularynyng Minusin oipatyn, Eniysey boyyn meken etip Alshyndarmen aralas-qúralas bolghan qyrghyz halqynyng ishinde de anshylyqqa baylanysty ru ataulary barshylyq.

MysalyBúghy, Qússhy, Japalaq, Kiyik Nayman, Boztorghay,

Sokolok,

(SOGOO maral; sogoony chiyh maraldyng qúlaghy.[10])

Kodogochun

(HÓDÓG kedek, orman kepteri (kógershin tәrizdes kishkene kógildir qús)[11] )

rulary.

Qyrghyzdarda Kesek, Bay kesek, Joo kesek, Qazaqtarda Alshyndarda jәne Arghyndarda Qarakesek ruy bar. Búl jerde kesek sózi mongholsha kýshigen degen sóz

HESEH II kýshigen (qús).[12]

Qyrghyzdardyng enshilesi hakastarda Tiyin ruy bar.

Alshynnyng Taz ruynyng atauy da qúsqa baylanysty – mongholsha tazqara degen qústy tas dep ataydy.

TAS I(qús) taz, tazqara; ~yn bulga- ~yn hóómiy tazqaranyng jemsauy. [13]

Alshyndar býrkit, súnqar, qarshygha, sapsan, bóktergi, iytelgi siyaqty alushy qústardy baptap ózderi alatyn an-qústargha týsudi ýiretken, ol óner sayatshylyq dep atalady. Sayatshylyq sózining tórkini Sayan taularyn meken etken Orman elining atauy- Sayat(Soyot- Ýrәnqay) sózi ekeni aitpasa datýsinikti.

Sayatshylyq óneri eptilikti, tózimdilikti talap etedi. Balapan býrkitti qúz qiyasynan alyp, baulyp, babyna keltirip angha salghansha birneshe jyl ketedi. Qústyng qúndaq, túghyr, tomagha siyaqty әbzel-jaraqtaryn әzirleu ózinshe bir óner.

«Nashy umelye y voinstvennye predky sozdaly uniyversalinye pravila raboty s ptiysey y razlichnye atributy v viyde kolpaka na ptichiu golovu, spesialinogo ustroystva dlya nosheniya ee na ruke y drugiye. Vse ony ispolizuitsya y segodnya. Za mnogie stoletiya k pravilam ohoty s lovchey ptiysey, po suty nichego ne dobavilosi- nastoliko sovershennymy ony byly iznachalino... Lubopytno, chto kazahskie hany vo vremya ohoty ispolizovaly iskluchiytelino aksunkara (belogo sokola), pochitaya ego aristokraticheskoy ptiysey».    

deydi ghalym Nәpil Bazylhan «Ot dvuglavogo orla do aristokraticheskogo aksunkara» degen maqalasynda.[14]

Jartasqa salynghan suret[15]

Qazaq handarynyng angha aqsúnqar saluy Shynghys han dәuirinen búrynyraq bastau alghan ýrdis bolsa kerek. Orman elimen qyrghyz noyandary jogharyda aitylghanday, Shynghys hangha tartu retinde aqboz at, qara búlghynmen qatar aqsúnqar syilaghany sonyng dәleli. Shynghys hannyng nemeresi Kýiik han 500 aqsúnqarmen sayatshylyq qúratynyna әigili jihangez Marko Polo kuә bolghan. Shynghys han ózi de súnqar salyp, angha shyghyp otyrghan.

 Alayda, Shynghys han angha tek sәn-saltanat qúru maqsatynda shyqpaghan. Onyng anshylyqty memleket dengeyine kótergeni,  әskerining joryqtargha әzirligin synau ýshin jәne shynyghyp-shyndaluyn arttyru ýshin josparly týrde anshylyq úiymdastyryp otyrghany tarihtan belgili:

«Lovitvu Chingis Han strogo soderjal, govoriyl, chto-de lov zverey podobaet voenachalinikam: tem, kto nosit orujie y v boyah bietsya, nadlejit emu obuchatisya y uprajnyatisya (daby znati) kogda ohotniky dospeyt dichi, kak vesty ohotu, kak stroitisya, y kak okrujati dichi, po chislu ludey glyadya. Kogda soberutsya na ohotu, pusti vysylayt ludey na dozor y osvedomlyaytsya o rode y chisle dichi. Kogda ne zanyaty voennym delom, pusti nepremenno revnuit ob ohote y voysko k tomu priuchait.

Seli ne toliko sama ohota, a bolishe to, chtoby voiny priobvykaly y zakalyalisi, y osvaivalisi so strelometaniyem y uprajneniyem»[16]

Búl túrghydan qaraghanda jastayynan basyn qauip-qaterge tigip, týz taghysyn aulap, әdis-aylasyn, mergendigin shyndap ósken alshyndar Joshy han ýshintaptyrmaytyn әskery kýsh edi.

Alshyndardyng keyingi eli Noghaylynyng jyrlarynda Qambar batyrdyng anshy boluy, Er Targhynnyng әkesi Esterekting anshy boluy, er Edigening babasynyng esimi  Anshybay batyr boluy sol dәuirde anshylyq pen batyrlyq bir-birine jaqyn úghymdar bolghanynyng aighaghy.

«V Altaysko-Sayanskih gorah s doistoricheskih vremen jily ludi, a burnaya istoriya Velikoy stepy izdrevle peremeshivala ee narodnosty v etnicheskie gruppy... V boribe za sushestvovaniye, v opasnyh perepravah cherez burnye reky y vysokie perevaly, v ohote na medvedey y kozerogov formirovalsya osobyy tip aziatskogo gorsa- eto byly smelye do otchayannosty ludi, fizichesky krepkiye,umeiyshie vladeti orujiyem y legko perenosyashie jaru y holod. Y v samom sentre etoy strany iz raznoplemennyh elementov slojilasi s nezapamyatnyh vremen ne slishkom mnogochislennye, no stoykie y silinye plemena.»[17]

Sonymen, Alshyndar- 13 ghasyrda Baykal kólinen batysqa qarayghy taygada- Sayan, Altay taularynan bastau alatyn Eniysey, Obi, Ertis ózenderining jәne olardyng basseynindegi Túba, Alash, Aday,Berish, Sherkesh, Taz,Keti, Álim, Shekti,Tobyl t.s.s. ózenderding boyynda, Tóles kólininjaghasynda, Bay tayga, Qabaq tayga, Kesek tayga, Qynyq taygasiyaqty tauly taygalarda, Saqal tauyndaómir sýrip anshylyqty kәsip etken sayat- ýrәnqaylar men tólester.

Alshyn rulary men taypalarynyng ataularyna sәikes keletin ózen, kólder, taular men taygalar siyaqty toponimderding geografiyalyq koordinattary boyynsha 13 ghasyrda Alshyndar meken etken territoriyanyng kartasyn jasap, tómende berip otyrmyz. Ol toponimderding iri masshtabtaghy kartalary  kelesi taraulardakeltirilgen.