Senbi, 23 Qarasha 2024
Alashorda 13449 0 pikir 6 Nauryz, 2017 saghat 16:32

Serik DÁULETOV. ALTYN-JAPPAS (jalghasy)

Cerik Dәuletovting ALShYN ShEJIRESI ( Janasha kózqaras) kitabynyng ótken bólimderin tómendegi siltemelerden oqy alasyzdar:

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11229 
http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11255
http://abai.kz/post/view?id=12321
http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11495
http://abai.kz/post/view?id=12516
http://abai.kz/post/view?id=11536  
http://abai.kz/post/view?id=12542

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=12676

http://abai.kz/post/view?id=12864

 

 

ALTYN-JAPPAS

Ádette shejirelerde Altyn men Jappas birge aitylady. Alayda búlar bir-birinen derbes rular.  Altyn ruynyng Altay jaqtan ekenine esh kýmәn joq. Sebebi ilgeride aitylghanday, altyndar,  Stralenberg boyynsha 18 ghasyrda qyzyl hakastardyng ishinde bolghan.

Altay respublikasynda jaghasynda tóles taypalary mekendegen Tóles kóli bar. Tabighaty súlu búl kólding ekinshi aty- Altynkól. Kólding batys jaghyndaghy  tau jotalary  Altyntu dep atalady.

Altyn ruynyng atauy sodan shyqqan bolar dep boljaymyz. 

 

Jappas ruyna baylanysty Altay-Sayan ólkesinde esh toponim kezdespedi. Alayda ilgeride qarakesekting qúramynda  ýngit ruy Orman eli retinde atalyp edi. Sol ýngit(onghyt) jappastyng da qúramynda bar, sondyqtan jappasty da orman eline qatysy bar dep aita alamyz.

 

QYZYLQÚRT

Qyzylqúrt ruyn zerttegen M. S. Múqanov pen V. V. Vostrov bylay dep jazady.

«Rod kyzylkurt ne figuriruet niv odnom iz rannih istochnikov. Net ego y v spiskah rodov Mladshego juza., sostavlennyh M. Tevkelevym y chinovnikom Orenburgskoy pogranichnoy komissiy Larionovym. Vpervye my vstrechaem etot rod v sostave Mladshego juza u A. Levshina.

Po rodoslovnoy, provodimoy M.Tynyshpaevym, my vidiym, chto rod kyzylkurt iymel try podroda : emrey, oljashy, ershi. Po dannym Blaramberga y nashim polevym materialam v nem ne tri, a chetyre podroda. Krome ukazannyh vyshe esti eshe chetvertyy podrod- suba (saba), chto my schitaem naibolee vernym...

Nalichie razlichnyh tamg sviydetelistvuet o tom, chto etot rod smeshannogo proishojdeniya i, kak nam kajetsya, sovsem nedavnego.

Kakie je komponenty voshly v nego?

Ob etom, prejde vsego mojno suditi hotya by po tomu faktu, chto kyzylkurt kak podrod esti u roda tama Mladshego juza y tochno takoy je podrod esti u roda oiyk plemeny ysty (Starshiy juz). Prichem s poslednim u nih shodny daje tamgy -  (koseu).

Dva etih fakta pozvolyait s nekotoroy doley dostovernosty predpolojiti, chto rod kyzylkurt yavlyaetsya vyhodsem iz plemeny ysty y chto ego chasti, otdelivshayasya kogda-to, prisoedinilasi v kachestve podroda k rodu tama.

Ne isklucheny, konechno, y drugie varianty slojeniya etogo roda, ibo dostovernyh svedeniy o ego proishojdeniy my ne iymeem, no v lubom sluchae nalichie rodstva, mejdu kyzylkurt, tama y ysty polnostiu otrisati nelizya.

U kirgizskogo plemeny saruu , v podrazdeleniy jetauruu esti rod kyzylkurt. Seychas trudno eto skazati prostoe ly eto sovpadeniye

etnonimov ily sviydetelistvo ih rodstva. Eto vopros budushih issledovaniy». [1]

Bizding pikirimizshe, qyrghyzdyng Qyzylqúrty men alshynnyng Qyzylqúrty tuystas, sebebi qyrghyzdar men alshyndar 13 ghasyrgha deyin Sayan-Altayda aralas-qúralas túrdy.

Alshyn Qyzylqúrty  Orman elinen kelgenining dәleli- onyng qúramynda atalmysh suba-saba («Alshyn shejiresi» boyynsha jәne dúrysy- soba) ruynyng boluy.Soba ruynyng atauy- anshylyqqa baylanysty, mongholshadan audarghanda kәmshat degen sóz.[2]Orystyn«soboli» sózi osydan shyqqan.

Qyzylqúrttyng Altay-Sayan jaqtan kelgenining taghy bir dәleli mynau. Qyzylqúrttyng qúramynda Jayyq ruy bar. Ol ru- AlshynnynBerish, Sherkesh, Aday,Qarakeseksiyaqty taypalarynda bar.

Qyzylqúrttyng qúramynda Andaghúl ruy bar,  ol Alshynnyng Shektisinde, Shómekeyinde, Tórtqarasynda, Berishinde, Sherkeshinde bar

Búdan shyghatyn tújyrym,  Qyzylqúrt- Orman elinen kelgen Alshyn taypasy.Jekelegen Qyzylqúrt bólimsheleri Tama men Ystynyng ishinde kezdesedi.

 

      YSYQ

Sayan-Altay ólkesining kartalarynan Ysyqqa baylanysty esh toponim kezdespedi.Keybir tarih zertteushileri «ysyq»sózining etimologiyasyn Orta Aziyalyq din ókilderi siyqtarmen («shiyhlar») baylanystyrady. Qalay bolghanda da, shektilerde bar Hangeldi, Púsyrman, Baubek, adaylarda barSary, Kedey, Toqa siyaqty rular Ysyqtyng bólimsheleri retinde kezdesetindigi Ysyqtardyng taghdyr-talayynyng Alshyndarmen bir bolghanyn menzeydi. 

 

ALShYN ShEJIRELERINDEGI MANGhYT KOMPONENTI

 

EDIGE

T.Ýsenbaevtyng «Alshyn shejiresi»boyynsha Shektining ishinde Bólek degen ru bar, odan Ayt pen Bújyr tuady, Ayttan- Tileu men Qabaq, Bújyrdan- Nazar, Shýren, Jekey tuady. Osy Bólekting arghy atasy atalmysh shejire boyynsha ataqty beklerbegi er Edige.Keybir jazushylar men ghalymdar, anyz-әngimeler men shejirelerge sýienip, Edigening últyn arab dep, onyng ata-tegin Baba Tuklas әulie (Baba Týkti Shashty Áziyz) arqyly alghashqy arab halifyÁbu-Bәkirge tireytini, Aristov pen Grodekov ony qoralas deytini, ibn Arabshah- qonyrat deytini bolmasa, ghalymdardyng basym kópshiligi Edigening mongholdyng manghyt ruynan shyqqanyna shәk keltirmeydi. «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresi» boyynsha da, «Altyn topshy» boyynsha da, Rashid әd-Din boyynsha da, Noghay Ordasyn býge-shigesine deyin zerttegen Resey ghalymy V. V. Trepavlovtyng «Istoriya Nogayskoy Ordy» degen enbegi boyynsha[3] da manghyttar da borjiginder (Shynghyshannyng ruy) siyaqty anyz ana Alan-goanyn–«Domalaq»(mongholsha DOMOGLOH[4]= anyz) ananyng núrly qúrsaghynan taraydy, nirundar. Qalay bolghanda da, Edigening Alshyn emes ekendigi aiqyn.

      Soghan qaramastan, shejirelerde Alshynnyng keybir rularyn Edigeden taratudyng ózindik sebebi bar.

      Tarihtan belgilisi Edige bastaghan manghyttar 1390 jyldary Qyrymnan alshyndar jerine, Jem men Jayyq aralyghyna kóship kelip, qonys tepti.  Ol   oqighalar turaly ghalym V.V. Trepavlov bylay deydi.

«V pervoy poloviyne 1390-h godov, posle dalinih migrasiy, mangyty vo glave s Ediyge zakrepilisi v stepyah Zapadnogo Kazahstana, v basseynah Yaika y Emby. Istoricheskie obstoyatelistva slojilisi tak, chto iymenno tam ony smogly utverditisya nastoliko, chto obrazovaly sobstvennoe kochevoe vladeniye, Yurt. V usloviyah raspada Zolotoy Ordy glavnym garantom sushestvovaniya novogo Yurta byl vojdi mangytskogo elya Ediyge.»[5]

TrepavlovEdigening elin Alshyn jerine kóshiru sebepterin onyng әuelde әmir Temirge qosylyp, sonynan syltau tauyp sytylyp  ketkendikten Aqsaq Temir kektenip, ósh ala ma dep qorquymen týsindiredi.

«Mangytskiy «smutiyan» soprovojdal svoego novogo pokroviytelya v pohode 1391 g. Po odnim svedeniyam, on byl lishi provodnikom armii, po drugiym- aktivnym uchastnikom voennyh deystviy protiv ordynsev (Ibn Arabshah 1887, s.55-59; Yazdy 1972, s.436). Vo vremya voyny u nego sozrela ocherednaya politicheskaya kombinasiya. Kogda Timur vozvrashalsya iz pohoda, Ediyge taykom poslal gonsa k svoim rodicham y sosedyam, ravno kak y ko vsem plemenam levogo kryla s prikazaniyem, chtoby oni, «ostaviv svoi stranu y pokinuv rodinu, otoshly v takie mesta,dobiratisya do kotoryh tyajelo y opasno, y pry etom ne zaderjivalisi by na stoyankah po dva dnya. V protivnom sluchae Timur smojet dognati y razgromiti iyh». Ely podchinilisi y otkochevaly v stepnuy glushi. Dojdavshisi etogo, Ediyge pod blagovidnym predlogom uehal iz stavky guragana v Desht (Ibn Arabshah, 1887, s.59). Vmeste s nim skrylsya y Timur-Kutlug, skazavshisi oderjimym iydeey sobiraniya nasledstvennogo udela, zahvachennogo nekogda Tohtamyshem. On sgovorilsya s Ediyge y toje reshil ne vozvrashatisya k Timuru, a poselitisya podalishe ot nego (Aboul- Ghazi, 1871, r.163, 164; kratkie upominaniya ob әtih sobytiyah sm. takje: Yazdy 1972, s.462;Sami 1937, p.14)... Avtory XV-XVI vv. zastayt eli mangytov, plemya Ediyge, kak y prochih budushih nogaev, mejdu Yaikom y Emboy. Ochevidno, eto mejdurechie y okazalosi temy samymy mestami, «dobiratisya do kotoryh tyajelo y opasno». Predostorojnosty Ediyge ponyatny: on opasalsya karatelinogo pohoda za obman gosudarya, no verno rasschital, chto Timur ne stanet posylati rati na severo-zapad, po marshrutu pohoda 1391 g., gde djuchidskie vladeniya byly uje razorenyim y vse myslimye y nemyslimye trofey zahvacheny. Povtornaya ekspedisiya v opustoshennyy kray kazalasi neveroyatnoy. Tak y proizoshlo. Guragan dovolino spokoyno perenes neojidannoe ischeznovenie soratnika, k tomu je on byl zanyat podgotovkoy k zavoevanii Iraka. Ediyge, obretavshiysya pry dvore, navernyaka byl v kurse dalineyshih voinstvennyh planov Timura, znal, chto vostochnyy Desht v nih bolishe ne figuriroval. Ochutivshisi sredy soplemennikov, vne dosyagaemosty armiy Maverannahra, Ediyge smog ukrepitisya v zapadnokazahstanskih stepyah y polojiti nachalo dolgovechnomu vladenii- Mangytskomu yurtu»[6].

Edige qaytys bolghan song da, Noghay ordasynda, Manghyt júrtyndaalshyndardyng jekelengen toptary Edige úrpaqtarynyng qolastynda boldy, solardyng esimderimen atalyp, ru bolyp qalyptasty. Onyng mysaly retinde Shektining qúramyndaghy Jaqayymdy (Sheyh-Múhamed), Shekti Jaqayymnyng ishindegi Aghys pen Kógisti, Berish pen Sherkeshke jatatyn Janbyrshyny, Baybaqty, Sherkesh pen Shómekeyding Jaughashtysyn, Qarakesek pen Shómekeyge kirgen Qasay toptaryn aitugha bolady,

Batys Qazaqstanda búl oqighalardyng kuәsi ispettti sol zamannan qalghan toponimder barshylyq. Mysaly,  Aqtóbe oblysynyng Atyrau oblysymen shegarasyna jaqyn túsynda Saghyzgha qúyatyn Noghayty ózeni bar. Ózenning atauy Noghayly emes, Noghayty boluy ol ataudyng kóne zamannan kele jatqanynyng aighaghy. Noghayty auyly men Noghayty temir jol stansasynyng atauy ótken ghasyrda osy Noghayty ózenine baylanysty qoyylghan.

 

 

Sonymen birge Noghayty ózeninen batysqa qaray, Atyrau oblysynyng territoriyasynda Manghyt jaylauy bar.

 

 

 

 

Jem ózenining tómengi aghysynyng boyynda Alshynsay qúmy bar.

 

 

Kenes Armiyasynyng Bas shtabynyng kartasynda jogharyda atalghanNoghayty ózenining ontýstiginde,Saghyz ózenine jaqyn jerde Edige ziraty kórsetilgen.

 

Reti kelgende aita ketu kerek, osy uaqytqa deyin Edigening beyitining qayda ekendigi turaly ortaq pikir joq. Bir ghalymdar Edige Úlytauda jerlengen dese, endi bireuleri ontýstikte, Qúmkentte deydi.  Juyrda Edige Manghystau jerinde jerlenui mýmkin degen boljamdy filolog-ghalym B.Núrdәuletova Aqtauda basylatyn «Ne habar» gazetine jariyalady. Al «Edige» eposynan doktorlyq dissertasiya qorghaghan  aqtóbelik filolog J. Asanov Edige Aqtóbe oblysynda, biraq Barshaqúm manynda jerlengen deydi.[7]

Biz de óz versiyamyzdy tekseru maqsatyndaaldynghy bette keltirilgen Kenes әskery  kartasyn paydalanyp, sondaghy «kladbEdge» dep belgilengen zirattyng basyna bardyq. Ziratta Aday jәne Kete tanbaly  19 ghasyrdyng qúlpytastary bar,keybireuinde  qúlpytas joq, nebәri jiyrma shaqty beyit diametri 15 metrdey dóngelek qorghannyng ainalasyna ornalasypty.

Qorghannyng ýstindegi shashylyp jatqan kýigen kirpishter kezinde beyitting ýstinde kirpish qabyrghaly mazar bolghanyn kórsetedi.

 

Kirpishter sharshy pishindes, úzyndyghy men eni birdey, shamamen 30 santiymetrdey, eni shamamen 5 santiymetrdey.

 

Ortaghasyrlyq qyshshylardyng qolynan shyqqan osy qalyptas kirpishterdi  Ayshabiybi, Qarahan, Qoja Ahmet Yasauy siyaqty әigili kesenelerding qabyrghalarynan bayqaugha bolatynyn eskersek, búl qiraghanmazar da qarapayym kisiniki emes deuge bolady. Qorghandy terenirek zertteulauazymdy jәne últjandy azamattardyng mýddeligine baylanysty ekendigi týsinikti bolsa kerek. Ázirge aitarymyz, Edige ghúmyrynyng songhy jyldaryn Alshyndar mekendegen Batys Qazaqstan ónirinde ótkizgeni anyq.

(jalghasy bar)

Abai.kz


[1] V.V.Vostrov. M.S.Múqanov. Rodoplemennoy sostav y rasselenie kazahov. Almaty, Nauka, 1968 j. 99-b.

 

[2]B. Bazylhan. Mongol-kazah toli. Ulaanbaatar ólgiy. 1984 j.415- b.

[3]V.V. Trepavlov. Istoriya Nogayskoy Ordy.Moskva,Vostochnaya liyteratura,2002 j,63 -b

 

[4]B. Bazylhan. Mongol-kazah toli. Ulaanbaatar ólgiy, 1984 j. 185-b.

 

[5]V.V.Trepavlov.Istoriya Nogayskoy Ordy.Moskva,Vostochnaya liyteratura,2002 j, 71-b.

[6]V.V.Trepavlov.Istoriya Nogayskoy Ordy.Moskva, Vostochnaya liyteratura,2002 j,  66,67- bb.

 

[7]www. aktobegazeti.kz /?p=44518

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