Seysenbi, 23 Sәuir 2024
Alashorda 53369 0 pikir 18 Nauryz, 2015 saghat 15:04

«QARASh-QARASh OQIGhASY» JÁNE QOGhAM

Jaqynda «Abai.kz» saytynda jariyalanghan, týpnúsqasy «Ayqap» jurnalynyng 1915 jylghy 2-nómirinde jaryq kórgen «Qazaqqa alalyq qaydan keldi?» deytin derek-maqalada Resey patshasy Ekinshi Ekaterinanyng qúpiya jarlyghy jayynda aitylyp, el ishine iritki saludyng amaldary әdeyi oilap tabylghany bayandalady. Ziyandy, ókinishti saldary әli de joyylmay kele jatqan búl kýrdeli jayt qazirgi uaqytta tarihi, ghylymy túrghyda kópten aitylyp, dәleldenip jýrgeni mәlim.  Últtyng tútastyghy men azattyghy ýshin kýresti ómirlerining maghynasy etip alghan Alash qayratkerleri el birligine orasan núqsanyn tiygizip otyrghan búl indetting týp tamyryn ashyp kórsetu, olardan arylu joldaryn ózderining kýndelikti qyzmetinde, enbekteri men maqalalarynda kórsetip, әlbette kórkem shygharmalary arqyly qalyng júrtshylyqqa jetkizgeni kәmil. Kenestik dәuirde kórkem shygharma shenberinde ghana qarastyrylyp kelgen osynau tereng de úlaghatty enbekterge býgingi zaman talabynan tyng kózqaraspen, ózgeshe ústanymmen qaraytyn mezgil jetti dep bilemiz.

Búl túrghyda Múhtar Áuezovtyng úly tuyndylarynyng biri - «Qarash-Qarash oqighasyn» airyqsha atauymyz lazym. Shygharmanyng basty keyipkeri Baqtyghúl qazaq dalasynda patshalyq Resey biyligining ornyghyp, eki-ýsh ghasyr boyynda qalyptasu kezenderinen ótip, endigi barlyq otar elderding basyna ornaytyn kepti kiygen tәueldi qoghamnyng tereng de kýrdeli daghdarysqa úshyraghandyghyn qapysyz tanytqan quatty geroy, jana dәuirding alghashqy habarshysy, bastaushysy, anyghynda rәmizi deuimiz oryndy.

Oqyrmannyng esinde: on alty jasar Baqtyghúl on jastaghy jalghyz inisi Tektighúl ekeui jastaylarynan jetim qalyp, naghashy júrttaryn izdep kelip, Qozybaq aulynyng Sәlmen deytin sotqar bayynyng biri jylqysyn, ekinshisi qoyyn baqqan malayy bolady. Kýn-týn demey, tynym kórmeytin enbekqor eki jigitting arqasynda Sәlmen baydyng baylyghynyng ýstey ósui de molayady. Qansha enbektense de, aq-adal qyzmetterining jemisin kórmey, kerisinshe, kesir baydyng ayarlyghynan kedeylikten arylmay, ol azday josyqsyz qiyanattyng saldarynan qaza bolghan inisinen aiyrylghan Baqtyghúl jalghyzdyq, panasyzdyqtan kóreri itshilik kýn bolaryna kózi jetip, bireuding qoltyghyna kirmeske laj joqtyghyn baghamdaydy.

Arpalys ýstinde Sәlmenge jasaghan isi ýshin abaqtynyng ýreyli elesimen ilesip qamalap kelgen qorqynyshty kóp oidan týiin jasaghan Baqtyghúl, endi Qozybaq aulymen bәsekelestigi, óshtigi bar Jarasbay bolysqa kelip, panasyna alugha súranady. Kýsh-qayraty tolysqan, myqty er-azamattyng ózi qolastyna kelip túrghanyn sezingen, týpki esebi әride jatqan Jarasbay auly Baqtyghúldy qamqorlyghyna alghan bolady. Qat-qabat kýrdeli oqighalargha toly povesting sujeti boyynsha, aqyrynda Jarasbay da ózine senip kelgen Baqtyghúldyng adal enbegi men manday terin әbden paydalanyp, onyng ýstine údayy barymtagha júmsap kelip, sonynda aramzalyqpen arandatyp itjekkenge aidatpaq bolady. Shygharmanyng shiryqqan shyrqau kezeni, qalyng qatparly maghynasy men úly sheshimi osy sәtten bastau alady.

Ózi ýshin emes, ózge ýshin, sonyng júmsauymen jasaghan әreketi bolghandyqtan, neden bolsa da aqpyn, mende aiyp joq degen taza kóniline bekigen Baqtyghúl ózining jeke kinәsining joqtyghyn aityp aqtalyp, jasalghan isting bәri «partiya ýshin», demek, Jarasbay bolystyng júmsauymen bolghanyn bildire otyryp aitqan uәjine arsyz biyler qúlaq aspaydy. Qarapayym sharua adamy, senip kelgen, qorghanyn, qamqorshyng bolam degen uәdesin alghan myrzasyna adaldyqpen qyzmet etudi ghana oilaghan, bolys-biylerdin, onyng ar jaghynda túrghan patshalyq úlyqtardyng qiytúrqy, aramza isterinen ózining әleumettik ornyna sәikes mýlde alys túrghan Baqtyghúl basyna tóngen qaterding bәri de tap sol Jarasbaydyng josparymen jasalyp, onymen auyz jalasqan aramza biylerding aram qolymen iske asyrylyp jatqanyn anday almaydy.

Al, osynday qolastyndaghy óz adamdaryn ózi ayaq-qoldaryn baylatyp ústatyp, jer audartugha basybayly mәjbýr bolyp otyrghan sol bolys Jarasbaydyng ózi patshalyq úlyqtardyng qolbalasy, aitqanyn istep, aidaghanyna kónuge tiyis tәueldi, qaqysyz, uәkilettiksiz, qorghansyz quyrshaq. Búlardy «daghdyly әdetpen qoqan-loqqy jasap qorqytyp, jalyndyryp, arada paragha qaltany toltyra jýretin» ýsterinen qaraytyn otarlyq biylik ókilderi túr.

Qazirgi qoghamnyng ózinde jaghymsyz sipattaghy eleuli әleumettik problemagha ainalyp otyrghan «para» úghymyna arnayy toqtalatyn bolsaq, osy júqpaly indetting tamyry patshalyq otarlyq biylik jýiesinen taralghandyghyna M.Áuezovtyng shygharmalarynan taghy bir kóz jetkizemiz.

Baqtyghúl biylerding kesigi aitylatyn eng songhy sәtte ghana Jarasbaydyng búghan juan moynyn búrmastan, kórmegensip teris qarap ótip bara jatqanyn kórgende «Qap» dep ókinip qalady.

Kórneu túrghan qiyanatty, әdeyi arsyzdyqqa jengizip, aramdy aqtyng ýstine ne ailamen bolsa da shygharamyz dep, júmyla qarayyp alghan biyler myng batpan jauyzdyqty úyatsyz, arsyz qalyng keudemen órge sýirep, jazyqsyz Baqtyghúlgha Jarasbaydyng óz qúlqynyna ketken úrlanghan mal basyn tolyq óteumen birge ýsh jyl abaqty kesedi. 

Biylerding kesimi sol kýni oryndalatyn bolyp, qol-ayaghyna kisen salynbaq bolatyn kezde, Baqtyghúl qashyp shyghady. Búdan keyin onyng ómiri elden, júrttan bezingen, tau ishining jabayy taghysynyng kýiine týsedi.

Qashyp shyqqan kýnnen bastap Baqtyghúldyng oiynan abaqty shyqpaydy. Sol qorqynyshty ajal: abaqtynyng shoyyn esigi, qaranghy tas qabyrghasy. «Tirshilikti temir túzaqtyng ishine salyp, tiri shygharmyn dep oilaghan jannyng kórgen kýni bar bolsyn. Odan ólim artyq, bәribir búl da ólim. Lәnet, lәnet bolsyn búl kýige, búl kýnge!..»

Baqtyghúldyng endigi jaghdayy Alashtyng ardaqty perzenti, әigili aqyn Maghjan Júmabaevtyng «súm ómir – abaqty ghoy sanalygha» deytin filosofiyalyq ashy tújyrymymen tolyq ýndesedi. «Qarash-Qarash oqighasynyn» avtory Baqtyghúldyng basyndaghy kýy arqyly uaqyt ótken sayyn otarlyq qúrsauy qatayyp, jan-jaqtan qausyra qamalap kele jatqan býkil qazaq dalasynyng endigi qazaqtyng ózine pana boludan qalyp, tútas, aspan astyndaghy abaqtygha ainalyp bara jatqanyn menzep otyrghany anyq. Sondyqtan keyipkerining oiy arqyly múnday ómirge laghynet aitqyzady. Abaqtynyng suyq elesimen qatar, soghan әkelip otyrghan, qazirde kýni-týni, tynym tapqyzbay múnyng artyna týsken, anyq qas dúshpanyna ainalghan Jarasbaydyng jauyz, juan jotasy kórinedi. 

Ne qylsa da ústatpaymyn, qolyna tiri týspeymin... Eger tipti bolmay bara jatsan, Jarasbay, kórermin!... – degen baylaugha keledi.

Taghy ekesh taghygha da, jabayy an-qúsqa meken bolghan tau-tastyng ózi Baqtyghúlgha pana bolmaugha ainalghan. Jau kóp, jattyng jan-jaqtan qamap, búqtyryp, yqtyryp otyrghan tegeurindi yqpalyna amalsyz kóngen jaqynnyng ózi, aghayyn-tuys, qysqasy, barsha qazaq ataulynyng ózi jalghyz Baqtyghúlgha jau bolyp shyqqan. Dәl múnday kepti basynan ótkergen ataqty әnshi-sazger Mәdiyding «sayynnan sayghaq qúrly pana tappay» deytini de osy kezen. Baqtyghúldy abaqtygha japqyzghansha, asyn dúrystap ishe almay otyrghan Jarasbay bolsa, onyng búl әreketi, anyghynda, Baqtyghúldyng kózin qúrtugha bekigen ata jaulyq, jeke óshpendilikten emes, qaladaghy úlyqtardyng otarlyq biylik ókilderining aldymen múnyng óz basyn aiyptap, qorqytyp, ýrkitip otyrghandyghynan shyqqany mәlim. Osylaysha, «bolys» («volostnoy») tәrizdi qoldan jasalghan mardymsyz biylik instituty arqyly, oghan qolynda maly bar bay adamdar qataryna jatatyn, biraq negizinen, tipti hat ta tanymaytyn nadan әldekimderdi taghayyndatyp, patshalyq biylik qazaq halqyn qyryq bólikke bólumen qatar, aralaryna ot tastap, bir-birine aidap salu, abaqty, týrmemen ýreyin alyp oiynshyqqa ainaldyrugha jetken.

Múnday «ýlken oiyn», yaghny imperiyalyq sayasat ýshin jekelegen adam túrmaq, býtin bir halyqtardyng taghdyry týkke túrmaytyny, esepke alynbaytyny tarihtan mәlim. Óz jerinde, ata-baba mekeninde, aghayyn-júraghattan, bala-shaghasynan tiridey aiyrylyp qashqyn bolyp ketken Baqtyghúl ghana emes, bir qaraghanda esebi týgel, qarny toq, uayymy joqtay kórinetin Jarasbay, Sәt, Sәlmenderding ózi – qaqysyz, dәrmensiz top. Ayyrmasy búlar - laqtyrghan sýiekke talasqan auyl itterindey bolmashy biylikke, bayansyz baylyqqa talasyp, sol jolda talay aramdyq, zorlyqqa batyp, әlderi keletin kedey-kepshikterdi qúrbandyqqa shalyp, ózderi jaqsatty kisi atanbaq. Olardyng búl isinen Baqtyghúl siyaqty talay jalghyz-jarym azamattar, anyghynda, jinaqtap kelgende, barsha qara halyq qispasyz qorlyq, arylmas azap kórip, zardap shegude.

Baqtyghúl jaularyna qarsy qanshalyqty kektenip, zyghyry qaynap, qany tasyp kelse de, shamasy jetpeytinin bilip, qashudan basqa aila taba almay dinkesi qúridy. Dýnie asty-ýstine kelip, audarylyp týspese, aqyrzaman bolmasa, býgingi múnyng qarsysynda túrghan myqtygha múnyng qarghysy jetpeytin siyaqtanatyn.

Ózi az auyl, kirme atanghan shaghyn elden shyqqan bolghandyqtan bay, juan auyldardan, ar jaghy qalanyng úlyghynan ese dәme qylu, tendik súrau qashqyn atanghan ózine sanasyzdyq siyaqty.

Tiri jangha qastyq qyludy bylay qoyyp, endi adam balasy ataulygha kelin bolyp, taudyng any siyaqty jalghyz jatyp jýrgen kýnin de kóp kóretin boldy. «Óltirmey, jerge tyqpay, tynbaymyn» degen niyet kórindi.

Artynan qalmaghan qughyn Baqtyghúl Talgharday jayyngha әkelip te qamaydy. Ólim qúshaghyna týsip, aghyn sudan ózi әupirimdep aman qalyp, endigi jalghyz seneri, jalghyz serigi men songhy tiregi - astyndaghy atynan da airyldy. «Ólip-tirilgen kisidey bolyp, «myna siyaqty itshilep jýrgen tirshilikten bizdey kisige ólsek te týk etpeydi eken» degen baylamgha keldi.  Sonda ólimge bekingen jannyng artynda qalyp bara jatqan suyq, jau dýniyege, meyirimsiz tirshilikke barynsha suynyp, narazy bolghan kegi qaynady. Bar dýniyeden quylyp shyqqan, qúlazyghan jalghyzdyq jýregimen barlyq basy aman, maly týgel, jany raqattaghy bolys siyaqtylargha myng ret laghnat oqyp, qarghys aitty. Sony aitumen birge, osy býgingi niyetke bekindi.

Búl istemek niyeti Baqtyghúldyng búrynnan oilanghan nәrsesi emes-ti. Juandardyng istegen aramdyghy, qorlyq-zorlyghy shekten asty. Auyr tiydi. Pәlege, jamanshylyqqa ózderi sýngitip jiberip, ayaghynda sol jolda múny qúrban qylyp, ózderi jaqsatty kisi bolyp qaldy. Ol bola bersin. Talay Baqtyghúl siyaqty jalghyz-jarym kedey-kepshikting kórip jýrgen qorlyghy. 

…Ózining oilaghan niyetine  Baqtyghúl orta Qarashty saylaghan son, sonyng iyir-iyir túmsyqtaryn, qiyn qaptal joldaryn, at jasyratyn úry qoyyn, jaltarys shattaryn, toghaylaryn kezip aralap bayqaghan. Baqtyghúldyng ózining iyen tau ishinde qashqyn bolyp jýrgeninde ózi búrynda aralasqan birer tanys adamdarynyng ýiine kelip qonyp ketip, olardan el jaqtan habar alghyzyp, sonda Jarasbaydyng jaqyn kýnderi jas toqalyn alyp qaytatynyn bilgen. Qazirgi kýnderi Qarash asuy arqyly jýretin sonyng jolyn tosuda.

  ...múz tau múnyng ishine múzday qayrat kirgizdi. Asyqqan qol, dayyndap ústap otyrghan qarudy syghymdap qysyp qoydy. Kýzding salqyn kýninde tonazyp kók temir suyq kýige til qosqanday boldy.

...tastay týiilgen qabaqty bir jazbastan, qalyng qara múrtty, shoqsha saqaldy iyegin berdenkening qúndaghyna әkelip jatqyzdy. Kók jóteldey tiyetin senimdi berdenke búl uaqytta qúlaghy qayrylyp, nysanagha qúrylyp qalghan. .. bәigi shabdardyng ýstinde Qalyshtay jas toqalyn úzatyp alyp kele jatqan belgili zor, juan deneli bolystyng qyzyl-kýreng jýzinde baqytynyng shegine jetken yrzalyq júbanysh sәulesi bar siyaqty... shabdar qatargha kelip, endi yrghalyp qiys óte berdi.

Sol uaqytta asyghyp túrghan sausaq jinishke suyq temirdi nyghyzdap qysyp qalghanda, qarghys oghy kýrs etti... ýlken deneli bolys shirenip baryp shalqasynan qúlap týsti».

Avtordyng osynau «qarghys oghy» degen birauyz sózinde, jalghyz týiininde býtindey shygharmanyng tújyrymy jatyr. Búl qarghys oghy barsha zúlymdyq ataulygha, әdiletsizdik pen aramdyqqa, qatygezdik, jauyzdyqpen qatar jýretin qylmys ataulygha qarsy atylghan kek oghy.

Sәt, Sәlmen, Jarasbaylar siyaqty aramza juandar toby Baqtyghúl jәne ol siyaqty myndaghan, milliondaghan enbek adamdarynyng azamattyq namysyna, adamdyq bolmysyna bir emes, eki emes, dýrkin-dýrkin tiyip, ýzbey qorlay bergendikten, yza-kegin oyatyp, aldymen Sәlmenning jylqysyn alghan әleumettik qimylgha, aqyrynda Jarasbaydy atyp óltirgen sayasy qarsylyqqa úlasty.

«Qarash-Qarash oqighasyn» taldau taqyrybyna alghan búrynghy kenestik dәuir kezindegi zertteushiler Baqtyghúldyng әreketin jalghyz adamnyng isi,  taptyq kýres, kóterilis dengeyine jete almady degen maghynadaghy birjaqty pikirde bolghandyghy mәlim. Áriyne, býkil eldi qamtyp, memlekettik auqymda jýzege asyrylatyn taptyq kýres, halyqtyq kóterilisting jýzege asuynyng әbden pisip jetilgen ekonomikalyq, әleumettik, sayasy sebepteri, tarihi, kezendik alghysharttary boluy tiyis. Sondyqtan «Qarash-Qarash oqighasy» halyqty kóteriliske shaqyratyn ýndeu nemese qúzyrhat  emes, әdeby kórkem shygharma bolghandyqtan, ondaghy eng manyzdysy – belgili bir oqigha jelisi arqyly iydeya úsynu, tújyrym jasau jәne olardyng oqyrmangha jetkizilu tәsili, til sheberligi, kórkemdik quaty, enbekting konsepsiyalyq maqsaty bolyp tabylmaq. Shygharma – barsha adamzat qoghamynyng damu jolyna tәn onyng kýngeyi men kólenkeli tústaryn, qayshylyqtar men qaqtyghystardyng tamyryn tanugha jol ashyp, әsirese oghan eng aldymen sebep bolatyn qorlyq pen qiyanat, zúlymdyq pen qylmys, satqyndyq pen ayarlyq kategoriyalarynyng sipatyn arshyp kórsetken.

Baqtyghúl ózine, otbasyna qarsy jasalyp otyrghan jauyzdyqtarmen birneshe mәrte betpe-bet kelse de, múnyng barlyghyna adal enbegimen el qatarly kýn kórip, qarapayym ómir sýrudi maqsat tútqan er-azamat, jar, әke, qayratty, quatty túlgha retinde barynsha tózimdilik tanytty. Ol tumysynan kýresker, tónkerisshil, aqyr sonynda qylmysker bolyp dýniyege kelmegen. Ózining ar-úyaty, adamdyq bolmysy taza bolghandyqtan, ózgelerden de sony kýtip, senip otyrghan, uәde, kepildik bergen myrzasynyng júmsauymen jasaghan is-qimyldary ýshin eshbir qauip-qater oilaghan joq. Osynday adal azamatty býkil әuletimen qosa qúrban etip, Jarasbaylardy oiynshyq qylyp otyrghan zúlymdyq úyasy tym alysta, sonau imperiya ordasynan taraytyn alapat, jahandyq auqymdaghy talas-tartys, baqtalastyq pen ashkózdikten tuyndap jatqanyn Baqtyghúl, әriyne, bilgen joq. Biraq ol óz jaularyn anyq tanyp,  basyna týsken qiyanat ataulynyng barlyghyna qarsy oq atqan sayasy biyikke kóterildi. Baqtyghúldyng jeke adam retinde oi-sanasynda, ishki әleminde tónkeris jasaldy. Ol eng aqyrghy, eng qauipti әreketke bardy. Onyng artynan ózin ber jaghy abaqty, al ar jaghynda ólim jazasy kýtip túrghanyn, shanyraghynyng ortasyna týsip, jary, bala-shaghasy qayyrshynyng kýnin keship qanghyp ketetindigin de biledi. Biraq, búdan basqa barar jer, basar tau qalmaghan. Tarih barysy kýres pen tónkeris, aqyrynda soghysqa aparyp soghatyny qoghamdaghy qayshylyqtardyng eng songhy satysy retinde tyghyryqqa tirelgendikten, sharasyzdyqtan kelip tuyndaytyndyghyn kórsetedi. Shyn mәnisinde ol, qay jaghynan alyp qaraghanda da, aqtap bolmaytyn auyr qylmystarmen qatar jýredi, әlbette adamzat ýshin zor apat, orasan tragediya. Shegine jete shiryqqan qarsy túrushylyqtyng qay týrinde bolmasyn eki jaq bir-birin ayaushylyqsyz joyyp qúrtugha tyryssa, onyng ainalasynda ózge de әleumettik, qoghamdyq  toptardyng barlyghy da sózsiz zardap shekpek.

Baqtyghúl - óz ortasyndaghy, aghayyn-tuys arasyndaghy ahualgha, otbasy-shanyraq kýii men jeke basynyng jaghdayyn barlap-bayyptaytyn, múnyng barlyghyna salmaqty oimen, syn kózben qaraugha qabiletti jan. Basyna týsken әdiletsizdikting qaydan, kimnen bolyp jatqanyn týisinedi. Ol - namysy sónbegen, jigeri jasymaghan, qúldyq minezden ada, orayy kelse el isine aralasyp, malshy-jalshylyqtan joghary túrghan qiyn sharualardy da shyr ainaldyryp әketuge dayyn; sauaty bolmasa da әleumettik isterdi atqaru dengeyine kóterilgen kókiregi oyau azamat. Taghdyrdyng mandayyna jazghan kedey әuletten shyqqan, sauat ashyp oqugha mýmkindigi tumaghan, aghayyn-júraghatynyng bәri de malshy qúl esepti bolghandyqtan, bir de biri últaraqtay bolsa da jerge ie emestigin biledi. Ol «solardyng kóngen soryna men kónbesem dep, ómirde talay talpynyp kórip edi. Búl ózge aghayyndarynan jigerli, er ekpindi, estirek boldy. Zamany tura bolsa, tәuir adamnyng biri bolarlyq aqyl-sezimi, til oramy da bar. Búl kórgen әlem - kóshpeli auyl tirliginde zorlyqshy kóp sotqargha eseng ketpes ýshin etek alghan qalyng irgeng bolu kerek.  Áytpese, sen – kózge týrtki; sen – el ishindegi sayaq-sandyra, kirme...»

Baqtyghúldy tәuekelge bel baylatyp, qolyna qaru alghyzyp, jalghyz bolsa da jankeshtilikpen jasap otyrghan isine jetkizgen jayttar, dәl osylayynsha býkil jer betindegi myndaghan, milliondaghan adamdardyng kýreske shyghuyna sebep bolarlyghy kәmil. «Qarash-Qarashtaghy» adamdyq bolmysty qorlap otyrghan alapat әdiletsizdikke endigi tózudin, ary qaray kónuding mýmkin emestigi, shynyraugha qúlatar shekke alyp kelgen shiryqqan shyndyq Baqtyghúldyng shanyraghynyng basynda ghana emes, kez-kelgen uaqytta dýniyening qay týkpirinde bolmasyn adam balasynyng basyna týsui haq.

Bizding oiymyzsha, M.Áuezov shygharmasynyng úlylyghy da osynda.

Qazirgi uaqytta әlem óz damuynyng órkeniyetti kezenine kóshti degen zamannyng ózinde әleumettik qayshylyq pen qarsylyq, qoghamdardyng daghdarysy terendey kelip, iri sayasy teketiresterge әkep soghuy búghan naqty dәlel bola alady.

Jarasbay ólgen song qalanyng úlyghy da, Janystyng juany da jabyla sonyna týsken Baqtyghúl aqyry abaqtygha qamalady. Azamaty qol-ayaghy kisendelip qamaugha alynyp, azyn-aulaq bar maly talan-tarajgha týsken son, artynda qalghan shiyettey bala-shaghasy torghayday shyryldap, shanyraghy qayyrshynyng kýiine týsip, qorghansyzdyq kýide qanghyp qalady. Qatysh kishi balalaryn alyp, qaladaghy bir baydyng ýiine jalshylyqqa ketedi. Baqtyghúl ýlken úly Seyitti qasyna alady. Endigi әkesimen birge abaqtygha boyy ýirene bastaghan Seyitti  Afanasiy degen bir jastau orys jigiti jazugha ýirete bastaydy. Kishkentayynan oily, zerek ósken Seyit sezgeni men bilgenin ishine ghana irkip jyya bergendey, keyde ýndemey otyryp-otyryp sebepsiz jylaydy... qaghaz, kitapqa kóp qaraydy... tyghylyp ósip kele jatqan qara bala óz basyna erte bastan kýn tughanyn sezedi. Balanyng kóz aldynan әkesin jabyla sabaghan, doldanyp qútyrghan kýshti ýlkender ketpeydi. Betinen qan sorghalap, súp-súr bolyp dirildep túrghan әkesin kóredi. Sol suret denesin múzdatyp qaltyratqanday bolady. Alghashqy kýnderi ylghy týsinen shoshyp oyanyp jýrdi. Baqtyghúldyng endigi bar aitatyny: oqu oqy, seni birdenege jetkizse – sol jetkizedi dep, endigi ózining kózi jetken týiinin ósiyet etedi.

Ózin oqytyp jýrgen Apanastyng – Seyitjan, qalay, sen auyldy saghynady ma? Degen súraghyna, «Joq, auyldan abaqty jaqsy» dep bergen jauaby sol abaqtyda otyrghan kәri-jas,  orys-qazaqtyng barlyghyn tanghaldyryp, shoshytyp, tereng kýrsintedi.

Baqtyghúldyng taghdyry shetsiz-sheksiz keng dalasy, «sayynan sayghaq qúrly pana tappay», jel qughan qanbaqtyng kýiine kóship, ol azday jazyqsyz azamatynan tiridey aiyrylyp otyrghan shanyraghynyng ortasyna týsui Jarasbay tәrizdi bolystyng aram oiynda sheshilip, onyng aitaghyndaghy beyshara biylerding qolymen iske asyrylyp jatsa, múnyng bәrining ar jaghynda býkil bolys-biylerdi bir-aq kýnde ýrkitip, qoyday iyirip, aitqanyna kóndirip otyrghan imperiyalyq biylik mekemelerining jymysqy әreketi jatyr. Otarlyq biylikti ornatu ýstinde patshalyq sheneunikter óz jeke bastarynyng qúlqyndaryn da bir sәtke úmytpay, qazaq baylarynan para alu, halyqtan jasyryn jәne onyng mýddesine mýlde qayshy әreketter jasau, ótirik aitu, aldap-arbau, iritki salu, qanau siyaqty qoghamnyng dәstýrli qalypty damuyn býldiretin zararly jýiesin engizgenin biz Múhtar Áuezov shygharmalarynan, әsirese «Qarash-Qarash oqighasy», «Qily zaman» povesterinen jәne basqa da úly enbekterinen taghy bir kóz jetkizemiz. Ras, elding jalpy tarihynda, qogham ómirinde, әsirese biylik ókilderi, auqatty adamdar arasynda bir-birine qymbat, qúndy zattar beru, әrtýrli, sonyng ishinde sayasi, әleumettik, túrmystyq, tuysqandyq  maqsattarda syi-siyapat jasasu salty ejelden qalyptasqandyghy joqqa shygharylmaydy. Biraq, ókinishke qaray, qazirgi uaqytqa deyin qalmay jalghasyp, býgingi qoghamnyng da jaghymsyz sipatynyng birine ainalghan qylmystyq mәndegi para úghymy patshalyq biylik sheneunikterining engizuimen týpkilikti qalyptasqandyghyn angharamyz. Klassikalyq túrghyda memlekettik basqaru jýiesi zang shygharushylyq, atqaru, jәne  sot biyliginen túratyndyghyn eskersek, jogharyda aitylghanday, qazaqtyng óz arasynda atqaru biyligi bolystyq dengeyge deyin tómendep, sot biyligi sol bolystyqtyng shenberinde ghana iske asyrylatyn, bolystyng jeke ózine baghynyshty bolyp qalghan dәrmensiz biylerge jýkteldi, al zang shygharu salasy tolyq imperiyanyng qúzyretinde bolatyn.

Bolystardyng saylanuy, ornynda qalu ýshin qayta saylanuy, qolyndaghy biyligin atqaruy oyazgha basybayly baghynyshty bolghandyqtan, sodan kelip shyghatyn dәrmensizdik, ózderine degen senimsizdik ahual qalyptasyp, uaqyt ótken sayyn beky týsti. Baqtyghúldyng aqtyghyn kórip-bile otyryp shimirikpesten abaqtygha kesken Jarasbaydyng jaghympaz biyleri qazaqtyng bayyrghy «Tura biyde tughan joq, tughandy biyde iman joq» deytin, qara qyldy qaq jarghan biyik túlghaly biyler institutynyng týpkilikti joyylyp, onyng ornyna qaraqan bastarynyng qamyn oilaudan asa almaytynday tómen dengeyge qúldyraghan opasyz bisymaqtardyng payda bolghandyghyn bildiredi. Búlardyng da qúlqyny paragha, aram asqa ýirenip barady. Osy indetting qoghamda batpandap kirgendigining ókinishti belgileri qazirgi uaqytqa deyin kórinis beretindigin joqqa shyghara almaymyz.

Múnday jaghdaydy qoldan jasap, bolystardyng tәueldiligin barynsha paydalanugha tyrysqan patshalyq sheneunikter jasqantu, qorqytu joldarymen olardy ýnemi ýreyde ústaudy әdetke ainaldyrdy. Rasynda, sol bir súr zamandarda biylik bútaghynda otyrghan adamdardy ghúmyr boyy qorqynysh sezimi biylegeni, tipti aq patshanyng ózinen bastap, satylay kelgendegi eng tómengi buynda túrghandargha deyin jetetindigi Reseydegi sayasy oidyn, sonday-aq orys әdebiyetindegi eng bir ózekti taqyryp ekendigi belgili.

«Resey 1839 jyly» dep atalatyn kitabynda markiz de Kustin Nikolay I turaly «onyng bet-әlpetindegi mazasyz qataldyq»  manayyndaghy adamdardy ýreylendiru ýshin qajet, sonymen birge búl qataldyghynyng әlsizdigi ózining jigerin syndyryp, bolmysyn júmsartyp tastaugha qabiletti bolghany ýshin patshanyng ózin de qorqytady» deydi. Osynday boyyn ýrey biylegen patshalyq sheneunikterding biri Nikolay Gogoliding «Shiyneli» degen әngimesining keyipkeri - bir «manyzdy adamnyn» is-әreketin taldaghan zertteushi IY.Zolotusskiy bylay dep jazady: «Onyng Akaky Akakiyevichke aighayy imperatordyng ýreyine óte úqsaydy, búl ýrey - ózinen tómen túrghan adamdargha erkindik beruden, «tabighattyng tәuelsizdigine» erik beruden qorqu. «Sizding qalaysha dәtiniz barady? Kimmen sóilesip túrghanynyzdy bilesiz be? Aldynyzda kim túrghanyn týsinesiz be?», - degen sózderdi aityp túrghan, sondaghy qolastynda bar-joghy on-aq adam júmys isteytin general ýshin búl tym artyq».

Kek oghyn atqan Baqtyghúl óz uaqyty ýshin óte joghary satygha kóterildi, әleumettik qarsylyqqa jetti onyng ar jaghynda sayasy qarsylyq pen kýresting negizi kórinedi. Geroy bir emes, birneshe mәrte qarsylyq kórsetti. Aldymen Sәtting jylqysyn aidap әketti, keyin biylerding aldynda istegen әreketterin jasyrmay, oi-pikirin ashyq bildirdi, eng sonynda qolyna qaru alyp, yaghny qaruly qarsylyq dengeyine kóterildi.

Anyghyn aitar bolsaq, Múhtar Áuezovtyng keng auqymdy, quatty da parasatty keyipkeri Baqtyghúl beynesinen qily-qily zamandarda basyna týsken auyrtpalyqtan esh moyymaghan, kerisinshe, ór keudesi qasqayyp túryp kýresip ótken, azat, mәngilik el bolu múratynan ainymaghan qazaq halqynyng ózin kóremiz.  

 

Múhtar Kәribay.

 

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