Búryndary «industrializasiya» degende, eng ozyq tehnologiyalardy qajetsinetin iri óndiristik salalardy aitatyn edik. Al búl joly manyzdy jeti baghyttyng ishinen birinshi bolyp agrarlyq sala ataldy.
Agrarlyq sektor - memleketting qarqyndy damuyn ghana emes, tipti onyng qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etetin azyq-týlik óndirisindegi manyzdy faktor. Osynyng arqasynda әlemning ondaghan elderinde azyq-týlik ónimderining baghasy 40%-gha úlghaydy. Mysaly, songhy ýsh jylda bir ghana biday qúny 190%-gha ósken. Tek aldynghy jyly birqatar memleketterdegi bitik eginning jaqsy ónim berui osy jaghymsyz ýrdisting jolyn keskendey boldy. Álbette, baghanyng kýrt ósui - kedey memleketterding halqyna asa auyr tiygeni de ras.

Búryndary «industrializasiya» degende, eng ozyq tehnologiyalardy qajetsinetin iri óndiristik salalardy aitatyn edik. Al búl joly manyzdy jeti baghyttyng ishinen birinshi bolyp agrarlyq sala ataldy.
Agrarlyq sektor - memleketting qarqyndy damuyn ghana emes, tipti onyng qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etetin azyq-týlik óndirisindegi manyzdy faktor. Osynyng arqasynda әlemning ondaghan elderinde azyq-týlik ónimderining baghasy 40%-gha úlghaydy. Mysaly, songhy ýsh jylda bir ghana biday qúny 190%-gha ósken. Tek aldynghy jyly birqatar memleketterdegi bitik eginning jaqsy ónim berui osy jaghymsyz ýrdisting jolyn keskendey boldy. Álbette, baghanyng kýrt ósui - kedey memleketterding halqyna asa auyr tiygeni de ras.

Azyq-týlik ónimderining importyna tәueldi bolu - jaqsylyq emes. Óz elining halqyn qajetti dengeyde azyq-týlik ónimderimen qamtamasyz ete almau - ózekti  mәsele. Sondyqtan «agrarlyq memleket» degen termiyn-týsinik búrynghyday artta qalghandyqtyn, kenje damudyng kórsetkishi emes. Búdan bylay, kerisinshe, memleketting damuy men onyng bәsekege qabilettiligi ózin-ózi azyq-týlikpen qamtamasyz ete alu-almauyna jәne eksporttyq әleuetine baylanysty baghalanatyn bolady. 
Mysaly, qazir auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderining ishinde kýrishting jaghdayy tipti qiyn. Óitkeni kýrish óndirushiler onyng eksportqa shygharyluyna әdeyi shekteu qoydy. Nәtiyjesinde onyng qúny úshyp ketti. Alayda syrtqy saudagha shekteu qoy meylinshe kóp payda tabudy ghana kózdegen joq, oghan  ishki súranystyng ósui de yqpal etken synayly. Múnday jaghday, shynynda  da, oryn alghanyn teriske shyghara almaymyz. Óitkeni kýrishting iri óndirisshisi sanalatyn  Qytay, Ýndistan, Mysyr, Vietnam sekildi elderde halyq sany jyldan-jylgha kóbeyip keledi. Búlar - bala tuudyng joghary kórsetkishterine ie memleketter.

Múny mindetti týrde atap ótu kerek, kýrish azyq-týlik resurstarynyng ishinde meylinshe qúrmetke iye. Bir jaghynan, búl -  Shyghys jәne Soltýstik Afrika siyaqty birqatar elder ýshin dәstýrli tagham. Ekinshi jaghynan, atalghan dәndi daqyldy ósiru erekshe jaghdaydy, kóp kýtimdi, onyng ishinde óte kóp kólemde sudy qajet etetini belgili. Sondyqtan әlemdik naryqta kýrish daqyly jetkiliksiz. Mysaly, jer betinde jyl sayyn shamamen 650 million tonna kýrish óndirilse,  әlemdik saudagha onyng tek 30 milliony ghana shyghady. Demek, eksporttalatyn kýrish mólsheri óte az, jetkiliksiz dep tolyq aitugha bolady.
BÚÚ sarapshylarynyng baghalauynsha, daghdarys saldarynan  dýniyejýzinde ash qúrsaq adam  sany shamamen 100 milliongha kóbeygen. Tipti asa toyymdy el sanalatyn Amerika Qúrama Shtatynda kýrish baghasy eki esege ósip, onyng tonnasy 1000 dollargha jetken. Aq ýy amalsyzdan mynaday tәsilge bardy, olar bizge sonau Kenes dәuirinen tanys bólshek saudany mólsherleu (bir satyp alushygha 2 keli kýrishten) tәsiline jýgindi.
Bireu biler, bireu bilmes,  Qazaqstan kýrish ósiretin 112 elding qatarynda, el ishindegi qajettilikti qamtamasyz etumen qatar ony eksportqa da shygharatyny belgili. Desek te, otandyq kýrish sharuashylyghy salasynda shúghyl sheshimin shygharudy kýtip túrghan birqatar problemalar bar.
Bidaydan keyingi  ekinshi manyzdy dәndi daqyl - kýrish, egis alqabynyng nebary 0,6 payyzyn jәne dәndi daqyldar men búrshaq túqymdastardy jinau salasynda bar bolghany 1,5 payyzdyq ýleske iye. 1990 jyldan bastap kýrish egiletin egis alqaptary 124,5 myng gektardan ótken jyly 88,3 myng gektargha deyin, yaghny 30 payyzgha qysqartyldy. Byltyrghy astyq nauqanynda jinalghan bar kýrishting 294 myng tonnasyn qayta óndeuden keyin 147 myng tonna kýrish jarmasyn alyppyz, búl halyqtyng belgilengen normativtik qajettiligin ghana óteydi.

Eldegi kýrish alqaptarynyng 88 payyzy Qyzylorda oblysynyng aumaghynda, ondaghy әrbir ýshinshi adamnyng kýrish sharuashylyghyna qanday da bir qatysy bar. Búl aumaq klimattyq jaghdayy boyynsha da, su resurstary boyynsha da tarihy qalyptasqan kýrish qoymasy bolyp tabylady. Almaty jәne Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblystarynan basqa ónirlerde kýrish ósiru júmystary nәtiyje bermegeni belgili. Oblys aumaghynda 200 myng gektardan astam josparlanghan jer bar, onyng 151 myng gektary jer óndeu ýshin paydalanylady. Býgingi tanda búl alqap 65 myng gektargha deyin qysqartylghan. Ol tek jyrtylghan egis qana emes, arnayy jer óndeu tehnologiyalaryna arnalghan kýrdeli, qymbat baghaly gidrotehnikalyq qúrylystar men injenerlik-josparly jer jýiesi bolyp tabylady.
Ózimizding óndiretin ónimimiz az, al shetelden jetkizu kólemi tipti qysqardy. Nәtiyjesinde, otandyq kýrish baghasy óse bastady. Eger 2007 jyly kýrish kelisi orta eseppen 70-80 tenge bolsa, ótken jyly 130 tengege deyin kóterildi. Al biyl kýrishting otany sanalatyn Qyzylordanyng ózinde onyng kelisi 170-180 tengege jetti, Almatyda 270-280 tenge bolsa, elimizding ózge aimaqtarynda orta eseppen 210-220 tengege satyp alugha bolady eken. Demek, ótken jylmen salystyrghanda, bagha 60 payyzdan astam ósken. 
Bagha nege búlay kóterildi? Basty sebep - kýrish shyghyndy kóp qajet etetin daqyldardyng biri. Ókinishke qaray, kýni keshege deyin kýrish sharuashylyghyna kónil az bólinip keldi. Mysaly, 1 gektar kýrish ósirudin  ózindik qúny orta eseppen 100 myng tenge bolghanda, memleket tarapynan 2006-2007 jyldary búl salagha (orta eseppen 6 - 7 myng tenge) bólinetin subsidiya diqandar shygharatyn shyghyndy  ótemeytin. Osy mәsele ótken jyly kóterilgennen keyin jaghday birshama ózgerdi. Mysaly, 1 gektar jerge beriletin subsidiya 20 myng tengege deyin ósti.  Búl  dayyndyq júmystaryn jýrgizuge jәne mol astyq alugha mýmkindik berdi. Al baghanyng ósui, shyny kerek, songhy jyldary qarjy tapshylyghynan birdi eki ete almay otyrghan sharuashylyqtargha demeu boldy. Birqatar sharuashylyqtar jyldar boyy qordalanghan jalaqy qaryzdaryn tólep, túqym, otyn jәne tynayytqysh qoryn jinap aldy. Qazir diqandar jana tehnika aludy da qarastyryp jýr. Búrynyraq  búl salagha siyrek keletin investorlar da baghanyng ósuimen kýrish aimaghynda jii keletindi shyghardy. Auyl enbekkerleri arasynda, sóitip, auyl sharuashylyghynyng bolashaghyna degen ýmit payda boldy. Eng bastysy, auyl memleketting basym jobasyna ainala bastaghanyn sezine aldy. Jәne manyzdy kórsetkish retinde jastardyng auylgha orala bastaghanyn aitugha bolady.
Demek, búl salada qiyndyqtar әli de jeterlik,  ony sheshetin úsynys-jobalar da joq emes. Qyzylorda oblysyndaghy  ózekti problemalardyng biri - auyl sharuashylyghy alqaptaryn sumen qamtamasyz etu. Su tapshylyghy problemasynyng obektivtik sipaty bar ekeni sózsiz. Degenmen birqatar mәseleler Su resurstary komiytetining qyzmetinde jýieli júmystyng joqtyghynan da tuyndap otyr. Su sharuashylyghyndaghy jaghdaydyng monitoringi men boljamy boyynsha júmystyng jetkilikti týrde atqarylmay otyrghanyn aitpay ketuge bolmaydy. Oblystaghy jer óndeushiler jyl sayyn túqym sebu nauqanyn ýlken alandaushylyqpen qarsy alady. Onyng bastapqy kezenining ózinde-aq  su tapshylyghyna baylanysty eleuli problemalar boy kórsetedi. Búl jaghdayda negizgi problemalardyng biri - gidrogeologiyalyq rejimderding jetkilikti týrde esepke alynbauy jәne Qorshaghan ortany qorghau ministrligining meteorologiyalyq qyzmetimen ýilesimdi әreketting bolmauynda.

Áriyne, ekologiyalyq túrghydan kýrdeli ónirde kýrish ósiru jәne suarmaly jer óndeuge baylanysty júmys jaghdayy - ghylymdy kóp qajetsinetin prosess. Onyng ýstine, songhy jyldary kýrish ósiruding jana tehnologiyalaryn, kýrishting sudy az siniretin jәne joghary ónimdi súryptaryn engizu, ósimdik sharuashylyghyn әrtaraptandyru arqyly suarmaly jerlerdi qysqartu saldaryn azaytu jóninde sharalar qoldanylmady. Búl tapsyrmalar Aral óniri problemalaryn keshendi týrde sheshu jónindegi 2007 - 2009 jyldargha arnalghan baghdarlamada kózdelgen bolatyn. Ghylymy ortalyqtar men instituttar júmys istese de, kýrish ósirushiler olardyng júmys nәtiyjesin sezine almay otyr. Osy is-sharalardy oryndaugha qarjy-qarajatynyng salynbauy sebepti Auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligi bólimshelerining olardy orynday almay otyrghany týsinikti. Ghylym men praktika kýrishting ónimdiligin jaqsartu ýshin ósiriletin kýrishti әrbir ýsh-tórt jyl sayyn basqa joghary sapaly túqymmen almastyryp otyru qajettigin dәleldedi, búl -ke deyin artuyn qamtamasyz etedi. Alayda songhy%-den 70%ónimdilikting 50 20 jyl ishinde kýrish sapasyn jaqsartu jóninde sharalar qoldanylmady. Mәselen, býgingi tanda 1987 jyly engizilgen «Aqmarjan» atty kýrishting belgili súrypynyng sharuashylyqtyq jәne biologiyalyq sapasy nasharlady jәne ol tez arada auystyrudy qajet etedi. Osynday súryptan qanday joghary ónimdilik kýtuge bolady? Jergilikti ghalymdardyng janadan audandastyrylghan súryptar engizip jatqany belgili, biraq olardy keninen engizuge qarajat joq. Mysaly, bolashaghy zor «Aral 202» súrypy әli engizilgen joq.

Kýrish ósiruding qalyptasqan tehnologiyasynda sulandyru jәne kollektorly-drenajdy jelige kóp kýsh týsedi, túnbalanady jәne olar jii isten shyghady, búl agroekologiyalyq jaghdaydy odan әri nasharlatady. Sulandyru arnalary men kollektorly-drenajdy jelilerding tehnikalyq jay-kýii men olardyng paydaly әser koeffisiyenti jer resurstaryn da, su resurstaryn da býldiretin kózge ainalyp, sapalyq dengeyi tómendep otyr.  juyghyn kýrish jýielerine jetkenshe joghaltyp%Búl ózi qat ylghaldyng 60%-gha alugha әkep soghady. Búl somalar kýrish ósirushilerge ghana emes, jergilikti budjetke de auyr tiyedi. Eger biz tiyimsiz paydalanudyng ózinen osynsha % azayghany ýshin egistikti qysqartudyn%joghaltatyn bolsaq, sudyng 20 qajeti joq shyghar.

Auyl sharuashylyghy ministrligi Qorshaghan ortany qorghau ministrligimen, Ekonomika jәne budjettik josparlau ministrligimen birlesip, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq, ekologiyalyq, meteo jәne gidrogeologiyalyq jaghdaylardy zertteu nәtiyjeleri negizinde jer óndeu men auyldyq aumaqtardy damytudyng úzaq merzimdi perspektivalaryn aiqyndau kerek.

Kýrish sharuashylyghy sulandyru, drenaj jelilerin, meliorasiyalyq jýielerdi rekonstruksiyalaumen, kýrishting jana súryptaryn engizumen baylanysty sharuashylyqaralyq júmystar jýrgizudi kózdeytin, kapitaldy kóp qajet etetin sala ekenin eskere otyryp, «Ontýstik» әleumettik-kәsipkerlik korporasiyasy bazasynda kýrish sharuashylyghy, qayta óndeushi sharuashylyqtardy, agroservis qyzmetterin erikti týrde biriktiru arqyly qoghamdastyq nemese konsorsium qúru mýmkindigin qaraghan jón bolar edi, múnyng ózi ÁKK-ning bastapqy maqsatyna say keledi.

«Jas qazaq» gazeti, №24, 19.06.2009