Jer dauy qazaq dalasynda ejelden eng shetin, ómirlik mәselelerding bastysy bolyp kele jatqany belgili. HIH-HH ghasyrlarda qazaq dalasyn dýmep basqan kelimsektermen bayyrghy halyqtyng ara qatynasy tipten shiyelenise týsti. Qazaqtyng Ahany - úly Ahmet Baytúrsynúly búl kýrdeli mәseleni de nazardan tys qaldyrmaghan. 1913 jyly onyng qalamynan tughan janashyrlyq maqalany oqyrmandarymyzdyng nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.

Basqarmagha kelgen keybir qattardan: qazaq jeri alynbasqa amal tappaghanymyzgha ókpeleushiler bar kórinedi. Jer jayynan aitarlyq sózding birsypyrasy aitylyp bolyp edi. Sózimizge týsinip, aqylymyzdy alatyn qazaq bolyp, sol aitqandarymyzdy istese, irgesi auyp, tabany kóterilip, jerinen aiyrylyp, bospas edi deymiz. Aytqan sózge týsinbese iә týsinse de aitqandy istemese, biz aityp otyrsaq, júrt ony istemey, únatqanyn istep otyrsa, oghan eter ne amal bar? Júrt istep otyrghan isin qisyq iә týzu dep aitu ghana qolymyzdan keledi, istetkizbey, toqtatu qolymyzdan kele me?
Qazaq jerining tútqasynyng eki úshy eki qolda: bir úshy qazaqta, ekinshi úshy orysta. Ádis qylghan jaghy auystyryp alyp jatyr, bos ústaghan jaghy airylyp qalyp jatyr. Jerdi qolynda qatty ústau, bos ústau qazaqtyng ózderinen. Oghan biz ne istermiz?

Jer dauy qazaq dalasynda ejelden eng shetin, ómirlik mәselelerding bastysy bolyp kele jatqany belgili. HIH-HH ghasyrlarda qazaq dalasyn dýmep basqan kelimsektermen bayyrghy halyqtyng ara qatynasy tipten shiyelenise týsti. Qazaqtyng Ahany - úly Ahmet Baytúrsynúly búl kýrdeli mәseleni de nazardan tys qaldyrmaghan. 1913 jyly onyng qalamynan tughan janashyrlyq maqalany oqyrmandarymyzdyng nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz.

Basqarmagha kelgen keybir qattardan: qazaq jeri alynbasqa amal tappaghanymyzgha ókpeleushiler bar kórinedi. Jer jayynan aitarlyq sózding birsypyrasy aitylyp bolyp edi. Sózimizge týsinip, aqylymyzdy alatyn qazaq bolyp, sol aitqandarymyzdy istese, irgesi auyp, tabany kóterilip, jerinen aiyrylyp, bospas edi deymiz. Aytqan sózge týsinbese iә týsinse de aitqandy istemese, biz aityp otyrsaq, júrt ony istemey, únatqanyn istep otyrsa, oghan eter ne amal bar? Júrt istep otyrghan isin qisyq iә týzu dep aitu ghana qolymyzdan keledi, istetkizbey, toqtatu qolymyzdan kele me?
Qazaq jerining tútqasynyng eki úshy eki qolda: bir úshy qazaqta, ekinshi úshy orysta. Ádis qylghan jaghy auystyryp alyp jatyr, bos ústaghan jaghy airylyp qalyp jatyr. Jerdi qolynda qatty ústau, bos ústau qazaqtyng ózderinen. Oghan biz ne istermiz?
Qazaq jeri qazaqtan ketpes edi, qazaq jeri qazaqtan ketpesine is qylsandar. Jerin aldyrugha bolmasa, aldyrmasqa is qylghan qazaq joq. Árkim óz jerin ghana oilaydy, óz basynyng ghana qamyn oilap, óz paydasyn ghana kózdep is qylyp, júrt paydasy men zararyna tipti qaramaydy. Júrt jeri ketpese, mening de jerim ketpes, júrt jerden airylsa, men de jerden airylamyn ghoy dep esh oilamaydy. Sondyqtan júrt ýstindegi kóp ortasyndaghy jer ghoy dep, satyp, paydalanyp qalayyn dep oilaydy. Mújyqty qazaq jerine ýiir qylyp, qonsy qondyrghan әuelde de osylay oilaghandyq edi, osy kýnde de sol oy qalghan joq.
Qazaq jerine mújyqtardy shaqyryp kirgizgen, kýkimetten búryn, qazaqtardyng ózderi emes pe edi? Qazaqty baghyp túrghan kәkimderding kóbi kelgen mújyqtardy ornyqtyrmay kóshirgenderi de bolghan. Dala ualayatynyng general-gubernatory Kolpakovskiy qazaq jeri ózderine de tar, mal jayylugha jer jetpegen son, qazaq orystardan әm Tobyl guberniasyndaghy orys jerlerin jaldap, mal jayyp otyr dep kórsetken. Biraq qazaqtardyng ózderi kelgen mújyqtargha jerin berip, qúshaghyn jayyp, qoynyn ashyp, qabyl alyp otyrghan son, Kolpakovskiyding qazaq jerin qorghap, qyzghanghany bosqa qalghan. 1882-shi jyly Jalghyzkól degen jerge týsken qalany... (oqylmady. Red.)...* otyrsyng dep, Kolpakovskiy kóshirgen, 1888-shi jylghy 17-shi martta shyqqan general-gubernatordyng búiryghynda Semey oblysynda esh jerge mújyqtar qala salushy bolmasyn degen.
Búl búiryqtardyng bәri de ornyna kelmey, qúr qaghaz betinde qaldy. Óitkeni mújyqtargha jer kerek boldy, júrt qamyn oilaytyn qazaqtyng bas adamdaryna júrt paydasynan góri óz paydalary jaqynyraq boldy. Júrt keler zarargha qaramay, ózderining jer satyp, bayyp alghanyn artyq kórdi. Bir jaghynan, kәkimder qazaq jerin qoryp búiryq shygharyp jatqanda bir jaghynan, mújyqtar men qazaq kәkimderden jasyryn jerdi biri satyp, biri alyp jatty. Mújyqtar jiylyp, qala bolyp kóbeyip, kózge týserlik bolghan kezinde ghana kәkimder bilip qalatyn boldy. Pereselen zakóni shyqpay túrghanda qazaq jerinde mújyq qalasy joq pa edi? Ony shaqyryp, qonsy qondyrghan qazaqtardyng ózi emes pe edi? Qazaqtyng kóbi jer satudy kәsip qylyp alghan joq pa? Qazaqtyng auyl aghasy bolghan, atqaminer pysyqsynghan adamdarynyng jer satudy kәsip qylmaghany bar ma eken? Bolsa, auylnaylardyng júrtty syrtynan satyp is qylatyndaryn bylay qoyyp, jay qazaqtardyng alghanda da jer satpaytyndary az bolsa kerek. Jer satu qazaqqa әdet bolyp ketti. "Auru qalsa da әdet qalmaydy" degen, sol jer satu әdetin jer mol bolsa da, jer tar bolsa da tastamaytyn kórinedi.
Qostanay uezinde Kenaral bolosynda Sherbina normasy boyynsha "izlishke" (artyq jer) joq edi. Artyq jer bolmaghan son, jer jaldau bolmasqa kerek edi. Qazaqtar, jeri artyq bolmasa da, jaldaudan toqtalghan joq. Sherbina esebinshe, bir mújyq qondyrarlyq jer bolmasqa tiyis, qazaq ol jerge eki poselka qondyryp otyr. Kamenskiy әm Beloyarskiy poselkalar, Sherbina esebi boyynsha, jer joq kezinde kelip týsken. Oghan oryn tauyp berip qondyryp otyrghan pereselen sheneunikteri emes, qazaqtardyng ózi. Kamenskiy poselka bolghan jerge 1891-shi jyly bir ýy orys qazaqtan jer jaldap kelip otyrghan. 1891-shi jyly jәne bir ýy kelip qosylghan. 1899-shy jyly 24 ýy kelgen, 1900-shi jyly 179 ýy kelgen. Beloayrskiy poselka túrghan jerge 1899-shi jyly 10 ýy kelip, qazaqtan jer jaldap ornyqqan, 1990-shi jyly 63 ýy kelip qosylghan. Osy kýnde sol eki poselkada 700 shamaly ýy bar, búlardyng bәri "izlishke" joq kezende kelip ornaghandar. Pereselen sheneunikteri búlargha jer kesip bererde, qalay bererin bilmey, qysylghan. Mújyqtargha beruge norma boyynsha "izlishke" joq. "Izlishke" bolmasa, qazaq jerin alugha jol joq. Ornyghyp qalghan eki poselkadaghy 700 ýidi kóshiru retin taghy taba almaydy. Aqyrynda joldan tysqary jan basyna 5 desetinadan jer kesip bergen. Qazaqtar ózderi qondyrmasa, sol eki poselkagha berilgen jerler - dausyz qazaqta qalatyn jerler.
Qostanay uezinde Mendighara bolosynda norma boyynsha "izlishke" joq edi. Oghan da orys zayymkalaryn qazaqtardyng ózderi týsirdi, mysaly Grebenkin zaymkasy oghayrilary. Olargha da jogharghy eki poselka siaqty jer berildi.
Mineki, bizding qazaqtyng isi! Qúty pereselen, sheneunikteri: artyghy joq, qalay alamyz dep qysylyp, qyzaratyn jerlerden qazaqtar úialmay, qyzarmay, jer satyp otyr. Osyny istep otyryp, jerimiz az, mújyqqa bererlik artyq jer joq dep, úialmay, qyzarmay, daulaspaqshy, Ol daudy kim tyndamaqshy? Qazaqtyng onday dauyn tyndar edi, qazaq aryz etken mekemeler qazaqtyng jogharyda aitylghan syrlaryn bilmese. Ony bilmeydi dep aita alarmyz ba, osy qabarlardyng bәrin sol mekemelerden alyp otyryp?
Búlardyng bәri ótken is. Endi olardy týzetu bolmaytyn júmys. Bolary bolyp, boyauy sinip qaldy. Búlardyng qoparyn jazyp otyrghandaghy maqsat: ótken isting qatesin bayqap, ilgeri isterge istemesin degen. Qazaq kóshpeli normamen bolsyn, otyryqshy normamen bolsyn - qaysysymen, jer alsa da, búrynghyday kenshilik bolmaydy. Keng jerdegi әdetin tar jerge de istep, satudan tyilmasa, qazaqtyng kýni qaran: jerden airylady. Keng jerdegi әdetin tar jerge istegenin jogharghy eki poselka turasynda aityp óttik. Onan da soraqy isti taghy estip otyrmyz. Aqtóbe uezining Borly bolysynyng 8-shi auylynyng qazaghy Bakesh Dýisenbay balasynyng 15 desetinadan alghan jerden arendagha jer satqanyn tómende gazetagha jazyp otyrmyz. Jer satyp әdettengen bir Dýisenbay balasy emes, neshe myng Dýisenbay balalary bar shyghar. Bәri de әdetin tastamay, normamen ólshep bergen jerge de istey bastasa, qazaq jerden airylmay, kim airylady? Artyghy joq tar jerge ornaghan orystardy kóshirmey, sol jerden jer kesip bergen jayyn jogharyda sóiledik qoy. Ózdering shaqyryp qondyrghan orystargha ortannan oiyp, ólshep alghan jerlerinnen jer kesip beresin. Bir jaghynan, 15 desetina az, onymen kýn kóre almaymyz dep, zarlap jatyp, bir jaghynan, 15 desetina kóp dep, artyghyn satyp jatsa, 15 desetina kóp eken dep ony kemiter. Ol kemitken jerdi qazaq taghy satar. Solay bolghan son, qazaq jeri qalay ózinde qalar?
Qazaq jeri ózinde qalugha jol tauyp bermeysinder dep ókpeleytinder júrtty aitqanymyzgha kóndirip otyryp ókpelese eken. Biz kórgen-bilgenimizdi aiap qalmay, qalyqqa aitamyz, oghan qúlaq salmay júrt óz biliminshe istese, oghan ne istermiz? Qazaq pen mújyq birigip is qylghanda, Kolpakovskiy búiryghy da dalada qalghan. Osy kýngi qazaq jerine kelip ornalasyp jatqan mújyqtardy kýkimet keltirmeske búiryq shygharsa, bәrin bolmasa da, kóbin qazaqtyng ózi shaqyryp qonys berer edi. Óitkeni mújyqtargha jer kerek. Qazaqtargha enbeksiz tegin tabylghan mal kerek. Eki jaqtyng keregi bir jerden tabylghan son, qazaqqa mújyq konsy qonbay túrar ma?
Árkim jalghyz ózim demey, ózgeler jayyn da oilap, peyilin kenge salyp is etpese, júrt júmysy týzelmeydi. Júrt paydasyn aiaghyna basyp, betimen jayylatyndaryn qayyryp, ýiirge kirgizip otyrmasa, bir qoydyng qotyry myng qoygha júqqan siaqty, bir adamnyng kesiri myng adamgha tiymekshi.

1913 j.

«Týrkistan» gazeti