Qytay virusy jer-jahangha taraghaly «Pandemiya» degen sózdi birinshi ret estigendey, әlemdi, qoghamdy ýrey basty. Biraq, búghan deyin júqpaly aurulardyng bar ekenin, qansha adamnyng obadan qaytys bolghanyn estisek te, kózben kórmegesin, kóp terendemedik. Al, elimizde koronovirus pandemiyasy alghash anyqtalghanda-aq, ainalamyzdan ólim ýreyin sezip, әr estigen sandarymyzgha shoshy qaradyq. Aqparat yqpalynyng kýshtiligi sonday adamzat tarihynda dәl osy Covid-19 siyaqty búryn-sondy joyqyn indet bolmaghanday janymyzdy shýberekke týiip otyrmyz. Búl pandemiya shynymen de biz oilaghanday qorqynyshty ma? Álem statistikasy atalghan indetten qanshalyqty japa shegip otyr?

Ghalymdardyng esepteuinshe júqpaly indetter jýz jyl sayyn adamzatty qan qaqsatyp qaytalanyp otyrady eken. Yaghny – «koronovirus», «ispaniya túmauy», «tyrysqaq», «sheshek» t.b. Adamzat tarihynda bolghan qay pandemiyany alyp qarasaq ta orny tolmas orasan qasiret alyp kelgenin kóremiz.

«istinian obasy»

547-750 jyldary Vizantiyadan etek alyp, dýniyejýzinde 90 million adamnyng ólimine sebepshi bolghan pandemiya – «istinian obasy». Derekter boyynsha oba imperator Yustiniannyng esimimen baylanysty. Pandemiyanyng taraluyna birden-bir sebepker bolghan sauda-sattyq eken. Býkil Europa elderi, Ortalyq jәne Ontýstik Aziyagha, Arab elderine taralady. Epiydemiyanyng tez taraghany sonshalyq, Konstantinopoliding ózinde bir kýnde 5 myng adamnan qaytys bolghan. Aurudyng kózge týse qoyatyn aiyryqsha belgileri de bolmaghan. Óitkeni, syrt kózge sau bolyp kóringen adam sol kýni auru belgileri bilingenshe ajal qúshuy әbden mýmkin eken. Ghasyrgha sozylghan obanyng neden taraghanyn zertteushiler tek 2013 jyly anyqtaydy. Olar - pandemiyany taratushy býrgeler men kemirgishter degen boljam jasaghan.

«Qara ólim»

Tarihtaghy alghashqy indetterding biri «Qara ólim» dep atalady. 1346-1353 jyldary atalghan indetten Europanyng 30-60 payyz halqy qaytys bolghan. Boljam boyynsha, ol Kaspiy tenizining soltýstik jaghalauynan bastalyp, Europa men Soltýstik Afrikagha taraghan. Qauipti dert «Yersinia pestis» oba tayaqshasynan bastalghan. «Qara ólim» tirkesining auru belgilerine qatysy joq. Alayda 1346-1351 jyldary obanyng búl týrin júqtyryp, qaytys bolghan adamdardyng denesi qarayyp ketetin bolghan eken.

«Ebola»

Ebola – gemorragiyalyq qyzba júqpaly auruy. Búl virustyng oshaghy Zairdegi Ebola manynda túratyn eldi-mekenderde bayqalghandyqtan, osy ózenning atymen atalghan. Ebola bezgegining belgileri negizinen Marburg virusyna asa úqsas. Ebola adamdargha an-qústardan taraghan. 1976-2012 jyldary әlemdi 23 ret sharpyghan. Júqtyrghan adamdardyng 50-80 payyzy ólim qúshqan. Virusqa qarsy әser beretin vaksina әli kýnge deyin tabylmady. Sondyqtan emi joq indet. Taralu jyldamdyghy tez boluymen qauipti. Nauqastyng emdelip ketu mýmkindigin payyzben aitsaq, bar-joghy – 10-aq payyz. Songhy ret 2014 jyly Afrika elinde qaytadan shyqty.

«A túmauly virus»

A túmauly virus jayly estuiniz bar ma? Jay ghana túmaudyng bir týri eken dep qaray saluynyz da mýmkin. Biraq A túmauly virusty da ghalymdar pandemiyagha jatqyzyp otyr. Jalpy túmaudyng ýsh týri bar: A, V jәne S. Osylardyng ishindegi eng joyqyny 1948 jyly jahandy jalmaghan H1N1 atauly A túmauy. Álemde 50 million adamnyng qazasyna sebep bolghan. Búl pandemiyany «shoshqa túmauy» dep te ataydy. Álemning 160 eline taralghan. Virus shoshqa arasynda aerozolidar arqyly, tura nemese janama qatynasta júghady, sonymen qatar júqpanyng esh belgisi bilinbeytin tasymaldaushylar arqyly da taralady. Shoshqalardyng arasynda júqpa jyl boyy boluy mýmkin, jayly klimat jaghdayynda kýz jәne qys ailarynda auru órshiydi. Kóptegen elderde shoshqa túmauyna qarsy olardy egu sharalary túraqty týrde jýrgiziledi. Shoshqa túmauy adamgha asa qaterli. Qaterligi sol – az ghana uaqyttyng ishinde jana shtamm tudyryp otyrghan. Onyng naqty emdeu tәsili әli joq, alayda aldyn alugha bolady.

«VICh virusy»

SPID tudyratyn VICh virusy. Ghalymdar osydan 30 jyl búryn SPID dertine sebep bolatyn virustyng ne ekenin anyqtady. 1983 jyly mamyrdyng 20-sy kýni «Science» jurnalynda jariyalanghan eki maqala alghash ret IDS-ke (immun tapshylyghy sindromyna) úqsas simptomy bar nauqastardan jana retrovirus bólingenin sipattady. Búl virus keyin VICh degen atqa ie boldy. Qazir әlemde búl aurudy júqtyrghan 34 million adam ómir sýredi. Qazaqstanda olardyng sany 20 mynnan asqan. Onyng inkubasiyalyq uaqyty koronavirustaghyday 14 kýn emes, 8-9 jyl. Demek, ony júqtyrghan adam aurudyng eshbir belgisin sezbey osynsha uaqyt sap-sau adamday jýrui mýmkin. SPIYD-ting payda bolghanyna neshe jyldar ótse de, tek simptomdardy jenildetetin dәriler bolmasa, ony emdeytin dәri-dәrmek әli kýnge deyin joq. Pandemiyanyng búl týri adamzat arasyna әldeqashan sinip ketkendey taralyp keledi.

«Sheshek»

Sheshek (ospa) auruy. Búl adamzat tarihyndaghy eng júqpaly auru sanalady. Sheshek auruymen býkil әlem auyrghan. 16-17 ghasyrlarda sheshek auruynan Europada 500 myn, Aziyada 800 myng adam mert bolghan. Búl indetting qazaqqa әkelgen nәubetin jaqsy bilesiz... Al 18 ghasyrda tek Europanyng ózinen 150 million adamdy jalmaghan. Sheshek sanauly kýnderde denege kóptegen jara shyghuymen sipattalady. Búl rette tek aua-tamshy jolymen ghana emes, sonymen qatar kiyim, tósek-oryn, qozdyrghysh jaradan týsken ydys - ayaq arqyly da júqtyrugha bolady. Tarihta sheshekten әrbir segizinshi adam ólgen. Sheshekting songhy soqqysy 1871-73 jyldary Europada ólim-jitim bir ghasyr búrynghy dengeyge deyin kóterilgen. Songhy nauqas sheshek 1977 jyly Somaliyde tirkeldi. Býgingi kýni sheshek tabighatta joq — virustyng ýlgileri AQSh pen Reseyding eki zerthanasynda ghana saqtalady.

«Marsel indeti»

1970 jyly Europada «marsel indeti» degen atpen auru tarala bastady. Taralu oshaghy Jerorta tenizining Marseli búghazynan shyqqan. Qyzu sauda ortalyghynda oryn alghan alghashqy ólimderdi biylik dýrbeleng tudyrmau ýshin jәne saudagha ziyany tiymeu ýshin jasyryp ústaghan. Búl pandemiya 100 myngha juyq adamnyng qaza tabuyna sebepker bolghan. Kóne derekterde indet adamgha tyshqan, egeuqúiryq siyaqty kemirgish jәndikter arqyly júqqan dep kórsetiledi. Atalmysh virus – kemirgish jәndikting terisinde 23 tәulik, azyq-týlik zattarynda 2-4 ai, auyrghan adamnyng qanynda 165 kýnge deyin saqtalghan. Aurudyng belgisi – temperatura kóteriledi, búlshyq etter shoshynyp isiydi, salghyrttyq payda bolady. Auru júqqan adam qúsady, keude túsy qysady, qandy qaqyryq týsedi.

«Tyrysqaq»

1820 jyly dýniyeni dýrbelenge salghan pandemiya – tyrysqaq. Búl auru adamzatty apatqa úshyratuda obadan keyingi ekinshi oryndy aldy. Alghash Indiyada lastanghan sudy údayy tútynudan payda bolyp, sauda tasymaldaytyn su joly (kememen) arqyly Europagha jetken. Dert әueli London qalasyna taraghanymen, indet kindigi retinde Niukasli qalasy apat oshaghyna ainaldy. Tyrysqaqqa shaldyqqan adamnyng boyynan súiyqtyq azayady. Osynyng saldarynan: asqazan, býirek, bauyr, jýrek, ókpe qyzmeti búzylady da, ólimge dushar etedi. Dert az ghana uaqyt ishinde 100 mynnan astam adamnyng ómirin jalmaghan eken. Búl pandemiya Filippiyn, Indoneziya, Tayland bastatqan Aziya elderine de oray soqqan kórinedi.1817 jyldan 1926 jylgha deyin jer sharynyng halqy tyrysqaqpen alty ret jappay auyrdy.

«Ispan túmauy»

1920 jyly әlemdi «ispan túmauy» degen atpen payda bolghan pandemiya jaylady. Eki jyldyng ishinde dýnie jýzining halqynyng 29,5 payyzyna júghyp, 50 million adam auyrghan. Shamamen búlardyng 70 mynnan astamy baqilyq bolghan. Pandemiya tarihyn zerttegen mamandar búl indet «H1N1» virusi negizinde birinshi dýniyejýzilik  soghystyng songhy jyldary payda bolyp, 1920 jyly әlemge taraghan deydi. Aurugha bir million adam shaldyqqan. Ásirese, 20-40 jas aralyghyndaghy zingittey qyz-jigitterdi bauday týsirgen. Dertting belgisi: adamnyng bet-әlpeti kógerip, ottegi jetispeydi. Qan aralas qaqyryq týsedi. Ókpe qabynady. Kóp jaghdayda adamdar auru júqqan kýni-aq ókpesinen qan ketip óle bergen. Búl indet asa kóp adamdy ólimge dushar etken tajal retinde tarih paraghyna tirkeldi.

«Malyariya obasy»

Kelesi pandemiya úrghashy malyariya masalarynyng shaghuy arqyly taralghan oba. HHI ghasyrdyng bas kezeninde malyariyany jylyna 350-500 million adam júqtyryp, onyng 1,3-3 milliony qaytys bolghan. Aldaghy 20 jylda adam ólimining sany eki ese úlghayady degen boljamdar da aitylghan. Dýniyejýzilik densaulyq saqtau úiymynyng songhy mәlimetteri boyynsha, malyariya plazmodiyasyn jylyna 124-283 million adam júqtyryp, onyng 755 myngha juyghy qaytys bolghan. 2000-2013 jyldardaghy kórsetkish boyynsha, malyariyadan qaytys bolghan adamdardyng sany 47 payyzgha qysqarghan. Aurudyng búl týrimen Ontýstik Sahara aimaghynyng 85-90 payyzy auyrghan, kóbine 5 jasqa deyingi balalar júqtyrghan.

Jalpy, pandemiya sózining ózi aurudyng әlemge taraluyn bildiredi. Búl aurudyng qauiptiliginen búryn onyng taralu auqymyn bildiredi jәne júqpaly aurularda ghana qoldanylady. Aurudyng taralu auqymy men júqtyrghandar sany arta týsse, epiydemiya pandemiyagha ainalady. Biylghy jyl әlemdi dýr silkindirgen koronavirusty da Dýniyejýzilik densaulyq saqtau úiymy pandemiyagha jatqyzyp otyr. 200-ge juyq elge tarap, qazirgi kýni 3 million 300 mynnan astam adam júqtyrghan. Eng alghash Qytayda ornalasqan Hubey provinsiyasyna kiretin Uhani qalasynyng Huanani januarlar men teniz ónimderi bazarynda tirkelgen. Alayda atalmysh virustyng adam balasyna qanday januardan júqqany әli kýnge naqty dәleldenbey otyr. Sondyqtan da virusqa qarsy vaksina oilap tabu da ghalymdargha qiyngha soghuda. Negizi adamzat tarihynda oba, sibir jarasy, tyrysqaq siyaqty indetterding kóptegen týri bolghan. Pandemiyanyng tarihyna ýnildik, jeke-jeke toqtaldyq ta. Jogharyda atalghan pandemiyalardyng statistikasymen salystyrsaq ta koronavirustyng taraluy qalypty dengeyde. Biraq qazir aqparat kenistigi ashyq. Býkil adamzatqa qol jetimdi bolghandyqtan da ýrey men qorqynysh basym.

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