Almaty. 12 jeltoqsan. QazTAG - Tolqyn Tәshimov. Jazda bastalyp, kýzde jalghasyn tapqan otyndyq daghdarys songhy jiyrma jylda múnay óndiru kólemi ýsh esege artqanyna (byltyr 79,5 mln tonagha deyin) qaramastan, QR ýkimetining eldi qajet kólemde JJM-men qamtamasyz ete almaytynyn kórsetti. JJM tapshylyghy nәtiyjesinde Óskemen, Atyrau, Pavlodar, Almaty, Qyzylorda, Shymkent qalalarynda, basqa qalalar men eldi mekenderde otyn jetispeushiligi bayqaldy. Al úsaq jәne ortasha benzin qúi stansiyalary jabylyp, iri stansiyalary otyndy talonmen berip jatty.

Búl jolghy daghdarystyng Qazaqstan tarihynda eng úzaq bolghany alandatady. Áriyne, benzin men diyzeli otyny qymbattay bastady: ýstimizdegi jyldyng 9 aiynda shamamen ýshten birge ósti. Osydan keyin azyq-týlik te qymbattay bastady. Ýkimet mәseleni sheshuge, ishki naryqtaghy jaghdaydy túraqtandyrugha tyrysty: múnay ónimderining eksportyna tyiym saldy, ortalyqtandyrylghan týrde Reseyden 50 myng tonna joghary oktandy benzin satyp aldy, sonymen birge, Qytaydyng múnay óndeu zauyttarynda (MÓZ) tollingtik shemany (óndeudi) talqylaudy úsyndy.

Almaty. 12 jeltoqsan. QazTAG - Tolqyn Tәshimov. Jazda bastalyp, kýzde jalghasyn tapqan otyndyq daghdarys songhy jiyrma jylda múnay óndiru kólemi ýsh esege artqanyna (byltyr 79,5 mln tonagha deyin) qaramastan, QR ýkimetining eldi qajet kólemde JJM-men qamtamasyz ete almaytynyn kórsetti. JJM tapshylyghy nәtiyjesinde Óskemen, Atyrau, Pavlodar, Almaty, Qyzylorda, Shymkent qalalarynda, basqa qalalar men eldi mekenderde otyn jetispeushiligi bayqaldy. Al úsaq jәne ortasha benzin qúi stansiyalary jabylyp, iri stansiyalary otyndy talonmen berip jatty.

Búl jolghy daghdarystyng Qazaqstan tarihynda eng úzaq bolghany alandatady. Áriyne, benzin men diyzeli otyny qymbattay bastady: ýstimizdegi jyldyng 9 aiynda shamamen ýshten birge ósti. Osydan keyin azyq-týlik te qymbattay bastady. Ýkimet mәseleni sheshuge, ishki naryqtaghy jaghdaydy túraqtandyrugha tyrysty: múnay ónimderining eksportyna tyiym saldy, ortalyqtandyrylghan týrde Reseyden 50 myng tonna joghary oktandy benzin satyp aldy, sonymen birge, Qytaydyng múnay óndeu zauyttarynda (MÓZ) tollingtik shemany (óndeudi) talqylaudy úsyndy.

Otynnyng sapasy da syn kótermeydi. 2011 jyldyng birinshi jartysynda  múnay ónimderin satatyn 175 kәsiporyn tekserildi. 109 jaghdayda búzushylyqtar anyqtaldy, jalpy qúny 400 mln tengening JJM-syn satugha tyiym salyndy. Sebep: JJM reseylik otynnan nashar bolghan jaghdayda da jerlesterimiz ony otyn qúy stansiyalarynda aralastyrugha tyrysady. Joghary oktandy benzinning ornyna 55-80 aralyghyndaghy oktandyq sany bar benzin satylatyn oqighalar kóp.

Otyndyq daghdarysqa әkelgen basty sebep - KSRO-dan múra bolyp qalghan qazaqstandyq ýsh MÓZ-ding eskirgen, tozyghy jetken jabdyqtary. Múnay baghasy tonnasy ýshin $150 bolghannyng ózinde ýkimet MÓZ-derdi modernizasiyalaugha qarjy baghyttau mýmkindigin taba almady.

Múnay-gaz salasyna investisiyalyq kapital iri ekenin atap ótu kerek: kapital salymdarynyng kólemi $100 mlrd-tan asty (TMD kólemindegi eng ýzdik kórsetkish). Biraq qarjy negizinen shiykizatty shetelge jetkizetin qúbyrlardyng qúrylysyna baghyttalyp jatyr. Al óndeu azayyp keledi: 20 jyl búrynghy 18 mln tonnadan qazirgi 13 mln tonnagha deyin.

Otyndyq daghdarys sozylmaly aurugha ainalyp, әleumettik dýrligu tudyrugha jetkende, ýkimet modernizasiyalau josparyn jariyalaugha mәjbýr: 2016 jyly MÓZ-der modernizasiyalanyp, «Euro-5» dengeyinde otyn shyghara alady, al óndeu kólemi jylyna 17,5 mln tonnagha jetedi. QR múnay jәne gaz ministrligining 2011-2015 jyldargha arnalghan strategiyalyq josparynda osynday jospar jazylghan. Esepteulerge sәikes, ýsh MÓZ-di modernizasiyalaugha shamamen $4 mlrd qajet. Alayda qarjylandyru problemalaryna baylanysty (negizinen búl Qytaydyng aqshasy), MÓZ top-menedjmentining jauapkershilikti óz moynyna alghysy kelmeui saldarynan júmys qolgha alynbay otyr. Eger osynday bayau qarqyn saqtalsa, otyndyq daghdarystyng sebepteri qalady. Al zauyttar aghymdaghy jóndeuge jabyla beredi, jaqynda Shymkent MÓZ-i solay jabyldy ghoy. Jyrtyqty jamau modernizasiya mәselesin sheship bermeydi.

Qazir Qazaqstangha el ishinde óndeudi damytqannyng ornyna, múnay men gazdy syrtqy naryqtargha satqan paydaly. Eksport - dәl osy jerde týsetin tiri valuta, al óndeu milliardtaghan salymdardy qajet etip, úzaq jyldar boyy basty auyrtady. «Álem naryghynda múnay barrelining baghasy 100 dollardan asqanda, Qazaqstanda búl barrelidi óndiru men ony múnay qúbyrymen aidaugha ketetin naqty shyghyndar eng kóp degende 30-35 dollardy qúraydy. Qarjy naryqtarynan keletin 70-ten asa dollar kólemindegi aiyrmashylyq shiykizatty shetelge shygharugha iytermeleydi», - deydi sayasy sheshimder institutynyng sarapshysy Sergey Smirnov.

«Shamadan artyq shygharudyn» saldarynan qazaqstandyq MÓZ-derge jýkteme az: býgingi kýni kәsiporyndardyng quattaryn paydalanu shamamen 67% kóleminde (Pavlodar MÓZ-i - 49%, Shymkent MÓZ-i - 65%, Atyrau MÓZ-i - 71%). Osyghan baylanysty zauyttar beru shemasymen júmys isteydi, al shiyki múnaygha eksporttyq baj salyghynyng tómendigi shiykizatty syrtqy naryqtargha shygharudy yntalandyra týsedi. Jogharyda atalghan sebepterding bәri múnay men gaz kondensatyn óndiruding artuy jaghdayynda (2011 jyldyng qantar-qyrqýieginle 1,4%-gha) sәikes kezende benzin óndirisi 11,9%-gha tómendedi.

Jergilikti múnayshylar algha tartatyn dәiekter bólek toqtaludy qajet etedi. Mysaly, qazan aiynyng basynda KAZENERGY VI Euraziyalyq energetikalyq forumynda QR múnay jәne gaz ministri Sauat Mynbaev eldegi otyndyq daghdarystyng basty sebepteri retinde múnaydyng әlemdik baghasynyng qymbattauy men Reseymen salystyrghanda qazaqstandyq JQS-tardaghy otynnyng arzandyghyn atady.

Biraq múnday týsindiru kýdik tudyrady: Qazaqstan shiyki múnaydy importtaushy emes, eksporttaushy bolyp tabylady. Jәne ishki naryqtaghy bagha qalyptastyru mәselesine kelsek, ol syn kótermeydi. QR bәsekelestikti qorghau agenttigi (BQA)  múnay ónimderining kóterme naryghynyng subektileri belgilegen bagha múnay baghasynyng qarqynyna sәikes kelmeydi degen qorytyndy shyghardy. Múnaydyng kóterme naryghynyng iri oiynshylary múnaydy satyp alu baghasy arzandaghanda da JJM baghasyn kótergen. Osy sebepti shiykizat 20,1%-gha arzandaghanda, diyzeli otyny 32%-gha qymbattaghan. Múnay baghasy 4,1%-gha qymbattasa, AIY-92 benziynining litri 24,6%-gha ósken. Osynyng bәri monopoliyagha qarsy vedomstvolardyng JJM naryghyna baqylauy nashar ekenin kórsetedi.

Qazaqstandyq benzin reseylik benzinnen arzan degen dәiek anyq. Qazir búl aiyrmashylyq 20% dengeyinde. Mәsele otynnyng baghasynda emes, halyq kirisining dengeyinde. Mysaly, Germaniyada ortasha jalaqygha 3,1 myng litr, Reseyde 730 litr, Qazaqstanda 680 litr benzin satyp alugha bolady.

Otyndyq daghdarys turaly basqa da boljamdar bar. «Bireuler reseylik problemalar treyderler ýshin JJM naryghynda tapshylyq tudyrugha ynghayly sebep boldy dep oilaydy. Búlay oilaytyndar Qazaqstanda benzin óndirisining tómendeuining Reseydegi «Euro-3» ainalasyndaghy problemalarmen qatar kelui kezdeysoq emes dep esepteydi. Ásirese, MÓZ-derding múnay ónimderine degen kóterme baghalary jalpygha jariyalanbaytynyn jәne basqalar ýshin MÓZ-JQS tizbegine «kiru» mýmkindigining joq ekenin eskergende», - dep oilaydy S.Smirnov.

Sonymen qatar jeke menshik janar may qúy stansalarynyng iyeleri otyn naryghyndaghy daghdarystan naryqtyng monopolidanyp bara jatqanyn kórip otyr. Búl kýdikti iri oiynshylardyng naryqtan shaghyn jәne orta biznesti yghystyryp shygharyp jatqany rastay týsedi. Búl rette Bәsekelestikti qorghau agenttigi (BQA) búghan qarsy eshqanday sharasyz, sebebi monopoliyalardyng artynda yqpaldy adamdar túr.

Búl rette biylik eski quattardy qayta janghyrtu qajettigi turaly aitudan sharshamaydy. Al tórtinshi MÓZ qúrylysyn bastau, osy salanyng basshysy Mynbaevtyng aituynsha, 2019-2020 jyldary ghana qolgha alynbaqshy.

Jogharydaghy aitylghandardy eskere otyryp, memleket birinshiden, MÓZ-der múnay beru súlbasymen  júmys isteu qaghidasynan bas tartuy kerek, ekinshiden, Últtyq qor mysalymen múnay rezervin qúru jәne tórtinshi MÓZ qúrylysyn saludy tezdetu kerek.

Býginge memleket barlyq ýsh MÓZ-di de qadaghalap otyr, sondyqtan birishi shartty oryndau onay. Sarapshylardyng esepteuinshe, múnay beru súlbasy qazynagha tólenetin salyq kólemin eki eseden astamgha, al MÓZ-derding kiristerin - 20 esege azaytady eken. Qoldanystaghy quatty jýkteu ýshin memlekettik múnay rezervin qúru jәne óndirushi kompaniyalardy oghan qatang bekitilgen múnay kólemin jetkizip túrudy mindetteu qajet. Olar ózderining mindetterin oryndamayynsha, syrtqa shygharylatyn shiykizatqa eksporttyq baj salyghyn artyghymen salu kerek. Shúghyl týrde zamanauy MÓZ qúrylysyn bastap, onyng ónimin ishki naryqty qandyrghan son, eksporttaugha bolady.

Odan basqa, retteu tetigi retinde memleket astyqtyng ishki naryghyn túraqtandyruda qoldanatyn әdis: yaghny múnay ónimderin tauarlyq inventarizasiyalau men baghany qalaytyn dengeyde ústap túru maqsatynda satyp alu jәne satu tetigin qoldanugha bolady.