Abaytanu salasy býgingi әdeby ómirimizde ýlken ghylymy arnagha ainalyp otyr. Alayda úly kemengerding óneri men tvorchestvosy haqyndaghy alghashky zertteu maqala kashan jәne qayda jariyalanghany oqyrman qauymgha onsha maghlúm emes. Abaydyng ósken ortasy men tvorchestvosyn jýielep túnghysh ret bir izge salgan, Abaytanudyng negizin qalagan - Álihan Bókeyhanov. Ol qazaq әdebiyettanu salasynyng ýlken arnasy - Abaytanudyng negizin saldy. Kәkitay Abay ómirining bel-belesin, tvorchestvolyk jolyn, izdenis baghyttaryn saralap, bir jýiege negizdep, túngysh ret Abay turaly derekti Álihan Bókeyhanovqa jiystyryp beredi. Abay qaytys bolgan song jeti aidan keyin. Yaghny 1905 jyly Semey kalasynyn Geografiyalyq bólimshesinin «Semipalatinskiy listogynda» orys tilinde Álihan Bókeyhanovtng azaly ghúmyrnamasy (nekrolog) jariyalandy. Onyng sonynda búl derekterdi retke keltirip, baspagha úsyngan Kәkitay Ysqaqov ekendigi turaly silteme bar. Búl qazirgi tolysqan Abaytanu ghylymynyng búlaq bastauyna Abaydyng Geografiyalyk qoghamdaghy dostary Mihaeliys, Gross, Konshin siyaqty kónili niyettes dostarynyn sebepkerligi tiygeni aiqyn. Osy maqala jariyalanghan song Álihan Bókeyhanov Patsha ókimetine qazaqqa derbes qúqyq beru turaly mәlimdeme jazyp, elge qol qoydyru ýshin Kereku ónirin aralaugha attanady. Sol jaqta jýrip 1906 jyly 8-yanvarda týrmege kamalady.

Abaytanu salasy býgingi әdeby ómirimizde ýlken ghylymy arnagha ainalyp otyr. Alayda úly kemengerding óneri men tvorchestvosy haqyndaghy alghashky zertteu maqala kashan jәne qayda jariyalanghany oqyrman qauymgha onsha maghlúm emes. Abaydyng ósken ortasy men tvorchestvosyn jýielep túnghysh ret bir izge salgan, Abaytanudyng negizin qalagan - Álihan Bókeyhanov. Ol qazaq әdebiyettanu salasynyng ýlken arnasy - Abaytanudyng negizin saldy. Kәkitay Abay ómirining bel-belesin, tvorchestvolyk jolyn, izdenis baghyttaryn saralap, bir jýiege negizdep, túngysh ret Abay turaly derekti Álihan Bókeyhanovqa jiystyryp beredi. Abay qaytys bolgan song jeti aidan keyin. Yaghny 1905 jyly Semey kalasynyn Geografiyalyq bólimshesinin «Semipalatinskiy listogynda» orys tilinde Álihan Bókeyhanovtng azaly ghúmyrnamasy (nekrolog) jariyalandy. Onyng sonynda búl derekterdi retke keltirip, baspagha úsyngan Kәkitay Ysqaqov ekendigi turaly silteme bar. Búl qazirgi tolysqan Abaytanu ghylymynyng búlaq bastauyna Abaydyng Geografiyalyk qoghamdaghy dostary Mihaeliys, Gross, Konshin siyaqty kónili niyettes dostarynyn sebepkerligi tiygeni aiqyn. Osy maqala jariyalanghan song Álihan Bókeyhanov Patsha ókimetine qazaqqa derbes qúqyq beru turaly mәlimdeme jazyp, elge qol qoydyru ýshin Kereku ónirin aralaugha attanady. Sol jaqta jýrip 1906 jyly 8-yanvarda týrmege kamalady. Ghalym Qayym Múhamethanovtyng deregi boyynsha, Álihannys portfelinde Abay ólenderining qoljazbasy bolghan. Ony 5 myng somgha baghalap, aman saqtauyna advokat arqyly ótinish týsirgen.
Sonday-ak 1907 jyly sol Geografiyalyk qoghamnyng arnayy jinaghynda Abaydyng sureti túnghysh ret baspa bederine týsti. Osymen qatar 1909 jyly Kәkitay Ysqaqov Peterburgtegi Boroganskiy baspahanasynan Abaydyng túnghysh ólender kitabyn jaryqqa shygaryp, ómirbayany, ólenderi taqyrypqa rettelip, týsiniktemeler berildi. Abaytanudaghy Kәkitaydyng enbegi jóninde Múhtar Áuezov: «... Búl jóninde kazaqtyn mәdeny tarihyna Abay múrasyna erekshe enbek sinirgen, Abay ózi tәrbiyelep, baulyghan - Kәkitay Ysqaqúlynyng enbegin erekshe aitu kerek. Kәkitay Abay shygharmalarynyng eng alghashky tandamaly jinagyn birinshi ret Peterburgtegi Boroganskiy baspahanasynda 1909 jyly shyghardy. Sol jinaqtyng ayaghynda akynnyng Kәkitay jazgan birinshi ómirbayany beriledi»,- dep jazdy. Shyndyghynda, búl Kәkitaydyng әngimesi boyynsha Álihannyng Abay ómiri turaly tolyqtyrylyp jazghan ekinshi maqalasy edi. Onyng algashqy núsqasy 1905 jyly «Semipalatinskiy listohta» orys tilinde basyldy. Biz osy maqalany okyrmandar nazaryna úsynyp otyrmyz. Búl - úly Abaydyng qagaz betine týsken eng alghashqy ghúmyrnamasy bolatyn.
Túrsyn Júrtbay, alashtanushy, jazushy

Álihan Bókeyhan. Abay (Ibarahiym) Qúnanbayúly
1904 jyly mausymnyng 23-júldyzynda Semey uezining bolysynda (Shynghystauda) dalanyng sýiikti aqyny Abay Qúnanbaev dýnie saldy. Negizgi hatqa týsken aty Ibrahim (Avraam) bolsa da, qazaq dalasy sheshesining (әjesining T. J.) erkeletip qoyghan nәzik te ýndi esimimen Abay dep atap ketkendikten, biz de solay qoldanamyz.
Abay әke jaghynan alghanda tobyqty ruynyng belgili shonjary men biyinen taraydy. Aqynnyng babasy, tobyqtynyng batyr bii Yrghyzbay Torghay oblysyndaghy Yrghyz ózenining boyynda XVII ghasyrdyng eluinshi jyldarynda dýniyege kelgen. At tóbelindey kósemning biri retinde ol tobyqty ruyn Týrkistannan asa qúnarly jayylymy mol Shynghys tauyna kóshirip әkeledi. Abaydyng atasy Óskenbay dala halqyna әdil by retinde tanyldy. Oghan basqa rulardyng qazaqtary da jýginip, daularyn sheshkizdi. Abaydyng әkesi Qúnanbay da basqa rudyng kazaqtaryna óktemdik jýrgizgen, ony tek qana tóre túqymdarynyng súltandaryna ghana tәn lauazym - Qarqaraly okrugining agha súltany bolyp saylanuy dәleldeydi. Qúnanbay ómirining sonynda Mekkege baryp, odan qaytyp oralghan song el biyliginen boyyn aulaq salady. Búnyng ózi de Qúnanbaydyng bedelin ósire týsedi.
Abaydyng sheshesi Úljan da Boshan ruynyng zatty túqymy Bertisten taraydy. Ol da Yrghyzbay siyaqty Qarakesek ruyn Qarqaraly uezindegi Qu, Edirey, Myrjyq tauyna bastap kelgen. Abaydyng sheshesi Úljannyng tórkini qushykesh Qantay men Tontaydyng esimi qazaq dalasyna keninen mәlim.
Birde Qantay bay úzaq auyrady. Qoja men moldalar jinalyp, onyng kónilin súraydy. Sonda Qantay jantәsilim berip bara jatyp: «Jazyla-jazyla qoja-moldalardan da úyat boldy, endi ólmesek bolmas»,- depti.
Abay alpys jasqa qaraghanda qaytys boldy. Ol 1845 jyly (jylan jyly) tuylyp, 1904 jyly (qoyan jyly) qaytys boldy.
Abay on-on eki jastar aralyghynda qazaq dalasynda jýrip hat tanydy. Al on eki jasynda Semeydegi Ahmet Riza moldanyng medresesine týsedi. Abay on tórt jasynda sonda jýrip ýsh ay orys mektebinen dәris alady. Osy tórt jyldyq medresedegi jәne ýsh ailyq orys mektebindegi dәrispen Abaydyng mekteptik oquy ayaqtalady. Ol dalagha qaytip kelgen song on bes jasynda qazaq, rularynyng arasyndaghy bedeli zor, 1822 jyly Sibir qazaqtarynyng basqaru erejesine say monopoliyalyq kýshke ie bolghan súltan túqymdarymen sayasiy-biylik tartysyna týsken óz әkesining qasyna erip, el isine aralasady. Bozbalalyq jasyna qaramastan Abay sol kezdegi qayratkerlerding arasynan kórnekti oryn alyp, biyding zamanynyng ótkenine qaramastan ony el-júrt by etip saylady. Jiyrma jasqa jetkende Abay ot tildi, sheshen, halyq ómiri men әdet- saltyn, qazaq dalasyndaghy ataqty biylerding әr isti sheshkendegi tórelikterin jaqsy biletin dәlmәr atanady. Ózining biluge qúshtarlyghy men zerdeligining arqasynda, qazaqtyng ghúlamalarynyng halyq auzyndaghy sózderin, maqaldaryn, ertegileri men naqyldaryn mengeredi. Abay biylerding shartty týrde saylanbay, talantymen baghalanatyn eski zany kezinde ómir sýrse, artister men jazushylardyng danqy siyaqty ataqty by atanar edi. Islam dinining dalagha ornyghuynyng payda-ziyanyna oray jana zamannyng talabymen Abay bilimge den qoyyp, arab, parsy, týrki tilderin kitap arqyly ýirenedi. Tabandylyghy men beyimdiligining nәtiyjesinde óz betimen arab, parsy tilderin erkin mengerip, qasiyetti bilimmen susyndady. Molla men qojalar turaly dalada keng taralghan «anqau elge aramza molla» degen maqalgha oray olar ózderining jan dýniyesining pasyqtyghyn әshkereleuden qorqyp, Abaymen kezdesip, súhbattasudan qashqaqtap jýretin. Osy arada Abaydyng islam dinine qatynasyn da aita ketu lazym. Ol ózining óleninde moldalardyng aramzalyghy men ala ayaktyghyn synap, músylmandyq jolymen kýnine bes uaqyt namaz oqudy mineydi. Osy arqyly barlyq diny ghúrypty ústanatyn, әsirese, otyz kýn ramazan aiyndaghy oraza men tәuligine bes uaqyt namaz oqugha qarsy keledi. Qúnanbaydyng semiyasyndaghy diny pikirler men ghúryptar, әkening ýstemdigining kýshi - Abaydyng islam әdet-ghúryptarynyng býrkenshik qasiyetterin sezinuge jol ashty. Abay otyz jasynda barymtany joyyp, ózge rudyng baylary men tuysqandyq pen dostyqqa úmtylghan, jaularyn seskentetin bedeldi qazaq atanady. Abay ózining barlyq qabileti men bilimining arqasynda qazaqtardyng biylik tartysy arasynda basty tizgin ústaushy boldy. Abay óz otanynyng som altyny edi. Daugha da, partiya talasynda da әdil tórelik aitty.
Abay on tórt jasynan bastap syqaq ólender shyghardy. Ol jastar arasynda keng taralghanymen, oghan onsha mәn bermedi. Negizinde dala atqaminerlerinin «aqyn» degen atty iyemdenuden kashqany әser etse kerek. Qazaq súltandary ózderining arasynan baqsy men aqyn shykpaghanyn maqtanyshpen aitatyn. Keyin aqyndyk jolgha týsken Abay qazaq aqyndaryn ónerdi baydan mal qalap alugha júmsaghanyn synap; ólenshisymaqtardan ózin aulaq ústady.
Akyndary aqylsyz nadan kelip, Kór jerdi óleng qypty joqtan qarmap, Qobyz ben dombyra alyp topta zarlap, Maqtau óleng aitypty әrkimge arnap. Ár elden ólenmenen qayyr tilep, Ketirgen sóz qadirin júrtty sharlap. Mal ýshin tilin bezep, janyn jaldap. Mal súrap bireudi aldap, bireudi arbap. Jat elde kayyrshylyq qylyp jýrip, Óz elin bay dep maqtap, qúday qarghap. Qayda bay, maqtanshaqqa barghan tandap, Jisa da bay bolmapty kansha maldy ap.
Mine, qazaqtyng suyrypsalma «aqynsymaqtaryna» bergen baghasy.
Eger 80-jyldary óleng turaly kózqarasyn mýldem ózgertpegende, ózining úly darynyn kórsete almay dýnie salghan bolar edi. Sol jyldary «Qazaqtardyng zandyq әdet-ghúrpy» turaly qyrdan derek jinap, keyin Makoveskiy jәne Mihaelis myrzanyng redaksiyasymen jaryq kórgen kitapshagha material izdestirip jýrgen sayasy jer audarylushy Gross myrzamen tanysty. Gross pen Mihaelis ekeui de Abay auylynda qonaqta bolyp, ony orys әdebiyetimen tanystyrdy. Solardyng ykpalymen Abay Pushkiyn, Lermontov, Nekrasov, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Saltykov-Shedriyn, Dostoevskiy, Belinskiy, Dobrolubov, Pisarevting tvorchestvosymen tanysty. Abay ózining ómirining songhy sәtine deyin Mihaelisti erekshe iltipatpen eske alyp, «Dýniyege kózimdi ashqangha ýlken sebepker bolghan kisi - Mihaeliys» dep ózining oghan boryshtar ekendigin bildiretin. Sonynan Abay Spenserding «Tәjiriybelerin», Liuisting «Pozitivti filosofiyasyn», Dreperding «Evropanyng aqyl oiynyng damuyn», N. G. Chernyshevskiyding «Sovremenniyk» kitaptaryndaghy maqalalardy oqydy jәne olardyng taghdyrymen jaqsy tanys boldy. Abay, әsirese, Lermontovtyng shygharmalaryn sýiip okydy jәne «Oy», «Qanjar», «Dúgha» t. b. ólenderin den qoya audardy. Abay qazaqqa týsinikti әri paydaly dep sanaghan Krylovtyng kóptegen mysaldaryn tәrjimalady.
Abay qazaq tiline «Evgeniy Onegindi» audardy, onyng ishinde audarmashynyng ózi әn shygharghan «Tatiyananyng haty» qyrda ýlken sýiispenshilikke bólendi. 1899 jyly Kóken bolysynyng әnshi qazaghy Ádilhaq bizge «Tatiyananyng hatyn» skripkagha qosyp oryndady. Bizdi tanqaldyrghany «Tatiyanany qaydan bilesin» degende, Ádilhan ózin núsqap qoyyp, orystyng ózi siyaqty Pushkin degen aqyny bolypty, ol Tatiyana súludyng Onegin degen jigitti sýigenin aityp hat jazghanyn jyrlaydy. Sol keshte Ádilhan bizge Abaydyng Lermontovtan audarghan ólenin әnmen aityp, sonymen qatar Lermontov ómirge riza bolmaghan, al Pushkin oghan danyshpansha karady dep týsinikteme beredi. Osy joldardyng avtory sonynan Abaydyng Pushkin men Lermontovtan audarghan ólenderin dombyramen qosyp aitqan birneshe aqyndardy kezdestiredi. Abay Tolstoy men Saltykovtyng talantyna bas iydi. Orys mektepterinde oqityn qazaq balalaryna arnap, qazaq balalarynyn paraqor, úlyq, polisiya chinovniygi bolugha úmtylatynyn syqaq etip. Tolstoy men IIIedrindey bolugha menzeydi.
Jasymda ghylym bar dep eskermedim
Paydasyn kórip túryp teksermedim.
Erjetken song týspedi uysyma,
Qolymdy mezgilinen kesh sermedim,
Ótkenning ornyn toltyru ýshin Abay óz balalaryn orys mektepterine oqytyp, ózge qyrghyzdar siyaqty shen-shekpendi emes, bilimdi uaghyzdady. Abay ezining balalaryn okugha tәrbiyeleu turaly bylay dedi.
Adamnyng bir qyzyghy bala degen, Balany oqytudy jek kórmedim. Balamdy medresege bil dep berdim, Qyzmet kylsyn, shen alsyn dep bermedim.
Ekinshi balasy Ábdirahman qalalyq uchiliysheni bitirgennen keyin Abay ony jylyna birneshe jýz som qarjy shyghara otyryp Tumenidegi realidy uchiliyshege beredi. Abay oqu ýshin osynsha kóp aqsha shygharghan alghashqy qazaqtyng biri. Ábdirahman Tumenining realidy uchiliyshesin tamamdaghan song Peterburgtegi tehnologiyalyk institutka attanady. Onda bir tanysynyng (Losevskiy myrzanyn) kenesimen Mihaylov artilleriya uchiliyshesine týsedi. Ókinishke oray óz eline qamqorlyghy tiyedi dep ýmit etken Ábdirahman Artilleriya akademiyasyna barugha dayyndalyp jýrgen kezinde, 1895 jyly ókpe auruynan qaytys bolady.
Orys әdebiyetimen tanysu Abaygha ýlken әserin tiygizip, qazaqtyng úsaq-týieginen aulaq, oqu men ólenge berilgen qazaq aqyny boldy. Ókinishke qaray ólenderin jinamady. Abay aitqan әrbir sóz ben qaghaz betine týsken ólenin jastar ile jattap aldy. Ásirese, Abaydyng satiralyq ólenderi qyrghyz dalasynyng týkpir-týkpirinen kezdesedi. Abay ózining tuystaryna da syn kózben karap, óz talantynyng tәsilin týsindirdi.
Jan kórinbes kózime,
Arghyn, nayman jiylsa,
Tanyrqaghan sózime,
Qayran sózim qor boldy.
Tobyqtynyng ezine.
Jogharyda kórsetilgenindey Abay songhy kezde qoghamdyq isterge aralaspady, onyng jaulary sonda da ony qudalauyn toqtatqan joq. Ózining kóp kólenkesinde qalghanyn kelesi shumaqtar arqyly jetkizdi.
Ózime basqa shauyp tóske órledim, Qazaqqa kara sózge des bermedim. Enbegindi bilerlik esh adam jok, Týbinde tynysh jýrgendi jek kórmedim
1904 jyly mamyrdyn 14 júldyzynda Abaydyng sýiikti úly Maghauiya qaytys boldy. Kezinde densaulyghynyng nasharlauyna baylanysty sýiikti balasyn qalalyq uchiliysheden kaytaryp alghan bolatyn. Búl qaza Abaydy katty qayghyrtyp, eshkimmen sóilespedi, kópten ózin jyraq ústady. Qyryq kýnnen keyin ózi de dýnie saldy. 1893 jyly jazghan ólenderi aldynan shyqqanday kórindi.
Jýregimdi qúm qyldy,
Ótken adam, ólgen jan.
Aqyl izdep zerlepti,
Bәrin synap sandalghan.
Endi ishime oy salghan,
Túla boydy ulatty,
Bәri aldaghysh súm jalghan,
Basqa tiydi, bayqadyq,
Bәrine basty shayqadyq,
Taghy bar ma, aitaryn,
Nanghysh bolsang endi nan.
Abaydyng óz shygharmalary men Pushkinnen, Lermontovtan, Krylovtan jasaghan audarmalaryn úly Túraghúl jinap, tayau arada imperatorlyq Rossiyanyng Geografiyalyq qoghamynyng Semey bólimshesi basyp shyghardy.
Ólenderinen kórinip túrghanday Abay asqap poetikalyq quattyng iyesi, qazaq halqynyng maqtanyshy boldy. Abay siyaqty halyqtyng ruhany tvorchestvosyn osynshama joghary kótergen qazaq aqyny әli kezdesken joq. Onyng jyldyng tórt mezgiline arnalghan (kóktem, jaz, kýz, qys) tamasha jyrlary ony Evropanyng ataqty aqyndarynyng qataryna qosar edi.
QAZÚU, Abay instituty