Amerikandyq professor  Jak Ueterfordtyn  «Qazirgi әlemning negizin salushy úly imperator Shynghys han» atty tuyndysyna sholuymyzdy jalghasyn berip otyrmyz. Esterinizge sala keteyik atalghan kitap AQSh-ta 2011 jyldyng әlemdik tandauly kitaby retinde tanyldy. Kitap turasynda dýniyejýzining aldynghy qatarly mәdeny basylymdary jarysa jazyp jatyr.

Avtordyng payymdauynsha, mongholdar jana tehnikalyq jetistik oilap tappady, jana dinge de bet búrmady, azyn-aulaq әdeby kitap shygharyp, dramalyq piesa sahnalady demeseng әlemdi eleng etkizer bidaydyng jana sortyn da jasamady, dәstýrli mal sharuashylyghynyng ózinde tyng tәsilder oilap taba almady. Qolóner sheberleri tym qúryghanda mata, púl da toqymaydy, temir ydystar jasamaydy, tipti, nan da jappaytyn júrt boldy. Qyshtan qúmyra jasap, kese, tabaq ta dayyndaudy da bilmedi. Suret jobalap, qúrylys túrghyzbady. Sóite túra әskery kýshpen órkeniyetti elderdi jaulap baghyndyrdy, olardyng nebir sheber jandaryn toptastyryp daryn-qabiletterin ghasyrlar boyy molynan paydalandy deydi.
Shynghys hannan qalghan eldegi múra negizi kópirler ghana. Sarbazdary men zat-tauarlar, qaru-jaraqtar tiyegen kólikterin jýzdegen ózender arqyly bógetsiz ótkizuge kópirding atqaratyn róli nópir bolghandyqtan shyghar. Osynyng ózinen-aq, kóshpendiler syrtqy әlemmen zat-tauardan góri iydeya almasudy artyq sanaghanyn angharugha bolady. 

Amerikandyq professor  Jak Ueterfordtyn  «Qazirgi әlemning negizin salushy úly imperator Shynghys han» atty tuyndysyna sholuymyzdy jalghasyn berip otyrmyz. Esterinizge sala keteyik atalghan kitap AQSh-ta 2011 jyldyng әlemdik tandauly kitaby retinde tanyldy. Kitap turasynda dýniyejýzining aldynghy qatarly mәdeny basylymdary jarysa jazyp jatyr.

Avtordyng payymdauynsha, mongholdar jana tehnikalyq jetistik oilap tappady, jana dinge de bet búrmady, azyn-aulaq әdeby kitap shygharyp, dramalyq piesa sahnalady demeseng әlemdi eleng etkizer bidaydyng jana sortyn da jasamady, dәstýrli mal sharuashylyghynyng ózinde tyng tәsilder oilap taba almady. Qolóner sheberleri tym qúryghanda mata, púl da toqymaydy, temir ydystar jasamaydy, tipti, nan da jappaytyn júrt boldy. Qyshtan qúmyra jasap, kese, tabaq ta dayyndaudy da bilmedi. Suret jobalap, qúrylys túrghyzbady. Sóite túra әskery kýshpen órkeniyetti elderdi jaulap baghyndyrdy, olardyng nebir sheber jandaryn toptastyryp daryn-qabiletterin ghasyrlar boyy molynan paydalandy deydi.
Shynghys hannan qalghan eldegi múra negizi kópirler ghana. Sarbazdary men zat-tauarlar, qaru-jaraqtar tiyegen kólikterin jýzdegen ózender arqyly bógetsiz ótkizuge kópirding atqaratyn róli nópir bolghandyqtan shyghar. Osynyng ózinen-aq, kóshpendiler syrtqy әlemmen zat-tauardan góri iydeya almasudy artyq sanaghanyn angharugha bolady. 
Kezinde mongholdar nemis shahterlerin Qytaygha, qytay dәrigerlerin Parsygha aparghan.  Osylaysha, mәdeny qúndylyq ataulynyng barmaqtayynyng ózin әlemge pash etumen ótti. Barghan jerlerinde kilem tóseudi ýlgi etip ornyqtyrdy. Limon men sәbizdi Parsy jerinen Qytaygha, kespe kóje men shaydy qytaydan Batysqa aparyp tanystyrghan.  Parijding ústalaryn auasy qúrghaq Qaraqorym qalasyna әkelip su búrqaqtaryn jasatqan. Aghylshyn aqsýiektilerin úly jasaq sarbazdaryna tilmash etip alyp, sausaqtyng tabyn paydalanatyn qytaylyq tәsildi parsylargha engizgen. Sonymen qatar qytay jerinde hristian shirkeulerin, parsy jerinde buddizm ghibadathanalaryn, Resey jerinde islam mәdeniyetinen, qúrannan sauat ashatyn medireseler ashyp, ony qarjylandyrghan. Múnyng bәrin avtor kóshpendiler әlemning jartysyn jaulasa da týrli elder arasynda mәdeni-aghartushylyqty taratuda da aitarlyqtay tarihy ýles qosqandyghymen týsindiredi.
Shynghys han qúrghan imperiyanyng múragerleri zat-tauar tasymaldau logistikasyn qalyptastyrumen qatar sol tústa bolmaghan jana ónimder de jasaghan deydi. Qytay, parsy, europa ústalary men sheberlerining jasaghan týrli oqtargha qoldanylatyn dәrilerin aralastyryp, otty dopshalar jasaghan. Ony europalyqtardyng mys qonyrau jasaytyn tәsilderimen qosarlap jana tehnologiya oilap tabularynyng arqasynda keyin tapanshadan bastap, qanatty zymyran jasaugha deyingi jetistikting jolyn ashqanyn mysal retinde keltiredi.  Barlyq jasalghan ónimderde ózindik syr-sipaty bolatyny belgili. Al, kóshpendiler sol kezding ózinde ózgening jasaghan zattarynyng basqasha balamasyn istep, onyng tehnologiyasyn jetildiruding jolyn izdedi deydi.
Mongholdar sol tústa sayasi-ekonomikalyq, ruhaniy-mәdeny kenistikte halyqaralyq sipattaghy is-qyzmetter jýrgizgendigine nazar audarady. Olar dýniyeni jaulap alumen ghana shektelmedi. Erkin saudany óristetti, jalpygha ortaq halyqaralyq zandylyqtardy qalyptastyrdy, barlyq tilderde oqugha, jazugha bolatyn ortaq qaripke negizdelgen býkilәlemdik tәrtip ornatugha tyrysty.  Shynghys qaghannyng nemeresi Qúbylay han әlemning әr tarabynda qoldana beruge jaramdy qaghaz aqsha jasatty, jappay sauat ashudy kózdep, negizgi bilim beretin bastauysh mektepter ashudy qolgha aldy. Búrynghydan da jetildirilgen onmyng jyldyq kýntizbe jasaudy bastap, iri kólemde jer kartasyn da dayyndaghan. Olar saudagerlerding kóshpendilerding úly imperiyasyna qúrghaq qúrlyq arqyly kelulerin barynsha qoldady. Sauda-sattyq pen diplomatiyalyq qarym-qatynasyn keneytu maqsatymen teniz joldarymen óz barlaushylaryn Afrikagha deyin attandyrghan.
Monghol taypalarynyng barghan jerleri tek qana órtke oranyp, kýireuimen ghana kózge elestetip ýirengen oqyrmandardy professor  Jak Ueterfordtyng kitaby tandandyruy da ghajap emes. Mәdeny qarym-qatynas pen sauda-sattyq, óreniyettik barys-kelis Shynghys múragerlerining arqasynda keneydi degendi dәleldeuden avtor esh jalyqpaydy. Olar Europadaghy rysarlyq jýieni búzdy. Qytay men islam elderimen salystyrghanda kedeyshilikting qamytyn kóp kiygen europalyqtardy jaulap aludy maqsat etpedi, olardyng qalalary men  qalashyqtarynda tonaugha túratyn da aitarlyqtay baylyq joq edi, deydi, avtor.
Venesiya saudageri Marko Polonyng otbasy arqyly ornyqqan qarym-qatynastyng paydasyn Europa kórdi, ózara dindarlaryn, sayahatshylaryn almastyryp túrdy. Saudadan týsken mol tabystyng arqasynda europalyqtar búrynghy mәdeniyetin jandandyryp, qayta dәuirleudi bastaghanymen eng bastysy, shyghystan baspa tehnologiyasyn, otty qaru-jaraq, kompas, shot sekildilerdi alyp qoldandy. Aghylshyn ghalymy Rojer Bakonnyng jazuyna qaraghanda, HIII ghasyrda mongholdar әskery ónerde ghana emes, ghylymda da tabystargha jetken kórinedi.
Kóshpendilerding yqpalymen orta ghasyrlyq qayta dәuirleude tehnika, tehnologiya, әskeriy-soghys, kiyim-keshek, sauda-sattyq, azyq-týlik, óner, әdebiyet, muzyka sekildi salalar boyynsha europalyqtardyng tynys-tirshiligine eleuli ózgerister endi. Europalyqtar kóshpendiler toqyghan matadan shalbar men kýrte kiyip, búrynghy jalanbút jamylghylarynan qútylyp, boylaryn býtindedi, úyatty jerlerin tolyqtay japty. Muzykada da búrynghyday sausaqpen sym tartqylap qana qoymay, endi ishekti aspapty egep ýirendi (skripka). Suret ónerinde de jana lep bayqaldy. Europalyqtar kóshpendilerding úran salyp, bir-birine dem beretin ýrdisin de jatsynbay qabyldady. Osynyng bәrin jetik bilgendikten aghylshyn jazushysy Jeffry Choser «Kantrbur tarihy» atty tuyndysyn  Aziya qyrany - Shynghys hangha arnasa kerek.   
Qayta dәuirleu túsyndaghy bilimdar ghalymdar kóshpendiler jayynda osylay jazyp jatqanda әlemning teng jartysy olardy әli kýnge deyin qangha qyzghan jabayy taypalar dep esepteytindigine avtor asa tandanys bildiredi. Jeffry Choser nemese Bayrondardyng britandyqtardyng sanasyna sinirgen Shynghys han men onyng qalyng qoly turaly beyneleuleri rasynda, qazirgi týsinikten basqasha. Kóshpendiler sarbazdaryn altyn men aqsha tonaushy, súlu arulardy zorlaushy etip kórsetu qazirgi kórkem filimder men әdeby tuyndylargha tәn ýrdis bolsa kerek.      
Býginde Shynghys hannyng portreti de kóbeygen. Alayda, ol kózi tirisinde esh qashan ózining suretin saldyryp, tiyn-mәnetterge atyn jazdyryp, qazirgi keybir diktatorlarsha eskirtkishterin túrghyzdyrghan joq. Shynghys hannyng qazirgi suretterinen biz tanymnan góri kýdik-kýmәndi kóbirek kóremiz. Qytaylar baysaldy qariyany salsa, parsy suretshileri taqqa jayghasqan týrik súltandarynsha sústy etip beyneleydi.    
Jalpy, Shynghys han men onyng danqty imperiyasy jayyndaghy mәlimetterding asa qúpiya jaghdayda saqtalyp kelgendigi tarihshylar ýshin eleuli qiyndyq tudyryp keledi.  Tarihshylar ýshin ol turaly zerttegende, jazghanda negizge alatyn naqty derekkózder salystyrmaly týrde óte az. Monghol qoldarynyng jaulap alghan qalalary, olardyng aldynda tize býgip, jenilgen armiyalardyng tizimi sekildi derekter kezdesui mýmkin. Al, dәl Temýjinning ata-tegi, minez-qúlqy, arman-mýddesi, jeke ómiri turaly naqtylanghan derek tym siyrek. Shynghys han dýniyeden ozghannan keyin onyng et jaqyndarynyng biri әlem әmirshisining jeke ómiri jayynda jazyp, ony qúpiya týrde saqtaghan degen әngimeni qytay, parsy ghalymdary kezinde kóp jazghan.  Alayda, ony әzirge eshbir ghalym dәleldey qoyghan joq.
Shynghys han qaytys bolghannan keyin jýz jyldan song parsy tarihshysy Rashiyd-әl-Ony monghol әrpimen, kóne monghol tilinde jazylyp saqtalghan derekti shejire bar dep mәlimdegen. Hannyng qatang baqylauyndaghy jazbany kóruge jәne mongholsha týpnúsqasyn oqyp úghugha qabiletti aituly ghalym shet júrttarda bolmady.  Monghol biyligi qúlap, ydyraghannan keyin әlgi qúpiya shejire turaly sóz de úmytyla bastaghan. Tipti, ony jay bir anyz-әpsanagha balaushylar da tabyldy.
Suretshiler Shynghys han portretin óz qiyaldarymen әrtýrli etip salghany sekildi jazushylar men ghalymdar da sol jolmen jýrdi.     Korey, Japonnan bastap, Armyan ghalymdaryna deyin Temýjinning ómirin anyzgha ainaldyryp, tym әsirelep jibergen degen qorytyndygha keledi, professor. Senimdi әri dәl aqparat bolmaghan song óz boljamdary men qorqynyshtaryn ghana aitqannan asa almasy anyq qoy. Jýzdegen jyldar ótken song Eskendir,  Sezari, Charly Mashe, Napoleondardyng jasaghan jauyzdyqtary men otarlaudaghy jetistikterin atqarghan tarihy rólimen  salystyryp jazghandar kóp boldy. Al, Shynghys han men kóshpendiler jasaghan jaghymdy ister úmytylyp, kerisinshe, onyng qatygezdigin, jauyzdyghyn birjaqty әsirelegen dýniyeler basym. Sonyng saldarynan Shynghys han degen qanypezer jendet, meyirimsiz qatal, jabayy jyrtqysh ispetti teris úghym qalyptasqan. Tek onyng ózi ghana emes, úrpaqtary da, jalpy aziyalyqtardyng bәri mәdeniyet pen órkeniyetten júrday taghy jandar sekildi jalghan beyne europalyqtardyng sanasyna sinip ketken.    
HÝIII ghasyrdyng sonynda sahnalanghan Voliterding «Jetim qytay» atty dramasyn avtor mysalgha keltiredi. Shynghys hannyng qytay jerin jaulaghany turaly bayandalatyn piesada qangha toymaytyn jauyz bәrin qyryp,  Aziya dalasyn anyratyp iyen tastaghan delinedi eken. Óner tuyndylardyng ózinde eki jaqqa alma-kezek auytqu bolghanyn Choserding Shynghys handy maqtaugha sóz tappaghanymen, Voliterding jamandaghanda jermen jeksen etkendigimen týsindiredi. 
Shynghys han taypalary «tartar», «tatar» «moghal», «moghol», «moal» jәne «monghol» degen birneshe ataumen aitylghanymen shyn mәninde onyng qúrghan imperiyasy kóp últtar men úlystan túratyn kóshpendilerding birikken memleketi bolatyn. Shet júrt osy ataulardyng bәrin jaghymsyz maghynada kemsitken synayda kóbirek qoldandy.  HIH ghasyrda Batys ghalymdary aziyalyqtar men Amerika qúrlyghynyng bayyrghy túrghyndary ýndisterdi kemsitu ýshin «mongoloiyd» degen ataudy ghylymgha engizdi. Ózderin aq nәsildi, asyl tekti «europeiyd» dep atady. Eger әldebir «europeiyd» әiel jarymes nemese mýgedek bala tapsa onyng arghy teginde mongholdyng qany bar, Shynghystyng sarbazy zorlap ketken degen «diagnoz» qoyady eken. Meyli, onyng týr kelbeti «mongoloiyd» bolghan kýnning ózinde bәri Allagha ghana ayan dýnie ghoy.
Sionister men últshyl-shovinister de mongholdardy parsysha «moghol» dep atap kemsitip kelgeni ayan. Jalpy sәtsizdikting bәrin mongholdardan kóretin ýrdis bir kezderi әlemde qalyptasqan. Orystar batystyq tehnika men japondyq armiyanyng quattylyghyna jete almaghandyghyn Shynghys han men tatar shapqynshylyghynan kórgen.  Parsylar da kórshi elderden artta qalyp qoyghandyghyna mongholdar ashqan soghystyng saldaryna japqan. Sol siyaqty qytaylar japon men europalyqtargha jete almaghandaryna, ýndistandyqtar aghylshyndardan jenililgenine, HH ghasyrda arab sayasatkerleri amerikandyqtardan búryn atom qaruyn jasay almay qalghandyqtaryna taghy da mongholdardy kinәli sanaghan. Eger monghol sarbazdary arab kitaphanalaryn órtemegende, qalalardy kýiretpegende olar bәrin jasap tastaghanday eken.
Amerikandyqtar 2002 jyly bombanyng astynan alyp talibandardy  Aughanstannan quyp shyqqangha deyin tәlibter sol ólkeni segiz ghasyr boyy mekendep kele jatqan hazarlardy Shynghys hannyng túqymy bolghandyqtary ýshin ayamay jazalaghan. Saddam Husseyn irak halqyna arnaghan songhy sózinde amerikandyqtardy mongholdargha úqsatyp, aiyptaghan. 
Sayasat pen ghylymda, jalpy zertteushilerding payymynda Shynghys hannyng shynayy tarihynyng beti ashylmay qúpiya kýiinde qala bergeni kitapta jan-jaqty kórinis tapqan. «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresi» atty kitap týrindegi jazba eskertkish te  atyna zaty say bolyp jyldar boyy jasyryn saqtaldy. Shynghystyng keybir qúpiyasyn ashyp,  ol turaly derekterding shet jaghasyn suyrtpaqtaugha HH ghasyrda zor mýmkindik tudy. Ol, hannyng ómirderegin bayandaghan qoljazbanyng tabyluy. Negizi ghalymdar arasynda mongholdardy mensinbeytin, teris týsiniktegi jandar bolghanymen Shynghys han turaly tarihy jazba bar degendi eshqaysy joqqa shygharmaytyn.
Aqyry, HIH ghasyrdyng sonynda qytay hanjysymen tanbalanghan jazba Beyjinde tabylady.  Ghalymdar qytay jazuyn tanyp oqyghanymen sózderin mýlde týsine almady. HIII ghasyrdaghy kóshpendiler sóilesken tildi qytay qarpine týsirgendikten úghu mýmkin bolmady.  Ghalymdar әr tarau sayyn kezdesetin qytaysha týiindemelerin ghana oqidy, al, kitaptyng mazmúnyna tolyq ene almaydy. Sondyqtan oghan qúpiya shejire dep at qoyghan.    
Qúpiya shejireni mongholdardyng ózi Stalin túsynda zertteuge bara almady. Sebebi, bәrin biylep-tóstegen kompartiya ony ghylymiy-kommunizmge jat mazmúngha teligen. 1953 jyly Stalin ólgen song jylymyq ornady jәne 1961 jyly Mongholiya BÚÚ-gha mýshe boldy.  1962 jyly Shynghys hannyng tughanyna 800 jyl toldy. Memleket basqaruyndaghy ekinshi túlgha bolyp tabylatyn D. Tómór-Ochir mereytoy qúrmetine úly qaghangha arnap Onon ózeni jaghasyna eskertkish soghu turaly sheshim qabyldaydy. Shynghys hannyng 9 túghyrly aq tularyn beynelegen pochta markasyn basyp shygharady. (Toghyz tudyng ishinde qazirgi qazaq rularynyng da bayraqtary bar)   
Kóshpendiler imperiyasynyng tarihy rólin, jaghymdy jәne jaghymsyz tústaryn taldaghan ghylymy konferensiya úiymdastyrylady. Oghan býkil monghol zor tebirenispen quanyp, ruhy kóterildi. Al, orystar ýrke qarady. Kenestik Resey kórshisining búl әreketin últshyldyqty, jauyzdyqty dәripteu dep sókti. Kenes odaghy ózining sonynan ergen Mongholiyanyng derbes sayasat ústanyp, Qytay jaghyna shyghyp ketetindiginen qatty qoryqty. Kompartiya basshylary D.Tómór-Ochirdy últshyl dep aiyptap aldymen lauazymnan bosatyp jer audardy. Keyin KGB jendetterin jiberip baltamen shauyp óltirtti.  Partiya ishine tazalaular jýrgizgen monghol kommunisteri keyin ghalymdar arasynan «antiy-kommunisterdi», «qytay tynshylaryn», «býlikshilerdi» top-tobymen tauyp, belgili arheolog-ghalym H.Perleeni  Tómór-Ochirdyng ústazy әri Shynghys imperiyasynyng tarihyn qúpiya zertteushi dep aiyptap, abaqtygha japty.    
Shynghys han tarihyna qatysty qanday bir ilik tapsa boldy, olar ústazdardy, tarihshylardy, suretshilerdi, aqyndardy, әnshilerdi ayausyz jazalap jatty. Olardyng kóbine janama týrde jaza qoldandy. Aytalyq, lauazymdy qyzmetterinen alyp tastaydy, mýlde júmyssyz tentiretip jiberedi, qystyng qaqaghan ayazynda otbasymen pәterden quyp shygharady, tipti dәrigerlik kómek te kórsetilmeydi. Qaladan shygharyp, eng shalghaydaghy auyldargha jer audarady. Osy «tazalyq» kezinde shashaqty bayraqtyng birjolata joghalghanyna avtor esh shýbә keltirmeydi. Al, soghan qaramastan Reseyding ózinde, AQSh-ta, Germaniyada, Fransiyada jәne Majarstanda ghalymdar «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresin» zertteudi, ony kóne kóshpendilerding belgisiz tilinen qazirgi mongholshagha audarudy  jalghastyra bergen.
Osylaysha, 1970-jyldary kóne monghol tilin zertteushi, Avstraliya ghalymy Igor de Rahevilsting jetekshiligimen jankeshti zor ghylymy taldau enbekting nәtiyjesinde qúpiya shejirening birinshi tarauy monghol jәne aghylshyn tilderinde jaryq kóredi. Osy tústa AQSh ghalymy Frasis Uedman jәne Kliyves taghy audarma núsqasyn jasaghanyn 1982 jyly Garvard uniyversiytetining baspasy kitap etip shyghardy. Olar shejirening kilt sózderin audarumen qatar derekterge týsinikteme jasaghan. Atalmysh ghalymdar osynday kýrdeli enbekti jasau ýshin aldymen HIII ghasyrdaghy kóshpendiler mәdeniyetimen tereng susyndaghan. Sonyng arqasynda shejirening tarihy mazmúnymen qoljazbanyng qyr-syryn býge-shigesine deyin týsinip audarghan eken.  Ony audaru ýshin әlem ghalymdary oqigha bolghan úly dalagha kelip, ony kózben kórip jýrekpen tanudy әrdayym esten shygharmaudy eskertumen keledi.
Al, professor Jak Ueterfordting «Qazirgi әlemning negizin salushy úly imperator Shynghys han» atty kitabyn oqyp shyqqan sәtte-aq, onyng keyipkerin rasynda, jasampaz túlgha eken-au degen oida qalasyn.

(Sony)
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