Sәrsenbi, 30 Qazan 2024
5607 1 pikir 12 Qantar, 2021 saghat 14:23

Ghajayyp ústanyng sheberligi

Erte zamannan qazaqtyng últyq muzykalyq aspaptary payda bolghaly, sol aspaptardy jasaytyn, qayta óndeytin jәne jetildirushi istermen shúghyldanatyn ústa sheberleri ómir sýrdi. Sonday ghajayyp ústa sheberlerining biri HIH ghasyrdyng sonyna qaray ómirge kelgen Qamar Qasymov edi. [1].

Q. Qasymov 1893 jyly qazannyng 5-kýni Pavlodar oblysy Bayanauyl audanyndaghy Moyyldy jerinde (Voroshilov atyndaghy kolhoz) orta sharua Músylmanovtar otbasynda dýniyege kelgen. Q. Qasymovtyng bala kezinde anasy Kýlsim erte dýnie salyp, әkesi Qasymnyng qolynda tәrbelenedi. Ol 1912 jyldan ústalyq jolmen ainalysa bastaydy. Aldymen ýide halyqtyng muzykalyq aspaby dombyrany jasaytyn qolónershiden bastap, sodan song aghashtan ýy sandyqtary men ydystar t.b. zattardy bezendirushi ústa bolghan. 1919 jyly M. Omarovamen shanyraq qúrady, biraq kelinshegi 1927 jyly ómirden ozyp, B. Maukeevagha ýilenedi, ýsh bala tәrbiyelep, el qatarly ómir sýre bastaydy.

Q. Qasymov aldymen seloda (1928j.), sosyn «Ekibastúz» sovhozyndaghy ústalar sheberhanasynda (1931j.) aghash ústasy bolyp júmys jasap jýrgen kezinde ekinshi kelinshegi (1931-1932 jj.) balalarymen, onyng artynsha әkesi qaytys (1932j.) bolyp, ol Qyrghyz KSR-ynyng Ýzgeni qalasyna kóship ketedi. Qyrghyz elindegi «Kirgiztorga» degen dýkende kassirshi, sosyn Ontýstik Qazaqstan oblysynyng Syrdәriya audanyndaghy №2 zavod dýkenining mengerushisi (1933j.) bolyp júmys isteydi. 1934 jyly Q. Qasymov júmys izdep Sibir ólkesindegi «Kalichugin zavodyna» baryp qaytady. Kóp úzamay Almatygha kelip Ónerpazdardyng respublikalyq birinshi siletine qatysady, múnday sheber mamandy sol mezette-aq Jambyl atyndaghy Qazaq memlekettik filarmoniyasyna sheber-brigadir retinde júmysqa qabyldaydy. Osy jyly ómirlik jary Jazipa Ahmedovagha kezigip otbasyn qúrady. 1937 jyldan qazaqtyng halyq aspaptaryn jetildiru isining agha-sheberi bolghan Q. Qasymovty 1943 jyly «Últtyq orkestr» qúramyna әrtis retinde bekitedi. [2].

Q. Qasymovtyng basynan ótken auyr kýnderdi bir sәt sanadan óshiru mýmkin emes edi. Ol ózining asyl qoldarymen aspaptardy jasau arqyly qayghyly kýnderdi uaqytsha artta qaldyryp, jyldap ótken kýndermen birge ilese jýrip ótti. Osylay shygharmashylyq júmysynan qol ýzbeui ony qaytalanbas óner iyesine jaqyndata bastady.

Arhiv derekterining arasynan Q. Qasymovtyng qayta óndegen jәne janadan jasaghan aspaptaryna qatysty tabylghan qújattar 1948 jyldan bastalady. Kezekti otyrysta Q. Qasymovtyng halyq aspaptar orkestrine arnalghan alit-dombyrasy men qobyzyn jәne solisterge arnalghan alit-dombyrasyn belgili óner qayratkerleri J. Qalambaev, J. Elebekov jәne Q. Jantileuov shygharmalar oryndau arqyly tekseredi. Aty atalghan әrtister I. Esenberlin basqarghan komissiya mýshelerining qatarynda edi, olarmen qosa taghy tyndaushy tórt maman barlyghy birigip nәtiyjesin qorytyndylaydy: «Q. Qasymovtyng qayta óndegen aspaptarynyng sapasy men dybysynyng jaqsara týskendigi, ýnining kýsheygendigi qazaqtyng halyq aspaptaryn kemeldendiruding ýlken jetistigi bolyp tabylady. Sondyqtan búrynghy qalpyna keltirilgen osynday aspaptardy últtyq orkestr men solisterge qoldanudy úsynamyz» deydi. Eki jyldan song Q. Qasymov ýsh ishekti qobyzdy dayyndap әkeledi.

Búl jayynda 1950 jyly nauryzdyng 3-i kýni bolghan jinalysta tóragha әri kórkemdik jetekshi E. Brusilovskiy men komissiya mýsheleri B. Bayqadamov, L. Shargorodskiy, N. Tilendiyev, Q. Jantileuovter ortaq bir sheshimge keledi. Olardyng aituynsha: «Qobyz sapaly jasalghan muzykalyq aspap retinde tembr jaghynan orkestrge arnalghan. Qazirgi tanda G. Bayazitova tabysty qoldanyp jýr, sol sebepti múnday qobyz orkestrge tolyqtay jaramdy jәne talapqa say keletinin moyyndau qajet» depti. Bir jyl ótkende 1951 jyly mausymnyng 15-i kýni bolghan jinalysta Q. Qasymov ózi jasaghan jana aspaptary qobyz ben bas-qobyzdy úsynady. Kórkemdik kenesting tóraghasy L. Shargorodskiymen birge kenes mýsheleri J. Elebekov, Sh. Qajghaliyev, H. Abugaliyeva t.b. qatysady. Olardyng qatarynda bolghan qobyzshy G. Bayazitova bylay dep pikir aitady: «Izgotovlennyy kobyz iymeet nekotorye usovershenstvovaniya, chto yavno uluchshaet zvuk. Krome togo, na novom instrumente znachiytelino udobnee igrati».

Sonymen qosa Súltanghaliyev pen Bayqadamov óz tarapynan qoldau bildirip: «Aspaptyng ekeui de qajet» degen úsynystaryn aitady. Osylay qobyz ben bas-qobyzdy aludyng jospary jýzege asypty. [3].

Jyldar boyy Q. Qasymovtyng qolynan shyqqan muzykalyq aspaptar birneshe synshylardyng synynan sýrinbey ótip, kónilderinen shyqty. Endi ol ústalyq sheberligin shyndau jәne tәjiriybe almasu ýshin ýlken qalalargha barghandyghyn aiqyndaytyn qújattarda tabyldy. 1955 jyly Qazaqtyng Qúrmanghazy atyndaghy memlekettik últtyq aspaptary orkestrine jana aspaptar jasaugha qajetti materialdar dayyndau ýshin Týrkistangha (nauryzdyng 7-20 kýnderi), Frunze qalasyna (mausymnyng 17-nen 22-deyin), 1956 jyly Mәskeudegi (mamyrdyng 9-25 kýnderi) halyq shygharmashylyghy men sәndik-qoldanbaly ónerge arnalghan qyzmetkerlerding jinalysyna jәne de 1958 jyly «Muzykalyq-tәjiriybe sheberhanasyna» (qantardyng 25-inen, aqpannyng 15-kýnderi) barghandyghy turaly, sonymen qatar 1959 jyly Mongholiyadan kelgendigi jóninde qújattar saqtalghan. [4]

Q. Qasymovqa basshylar tarapynan bergen ong pikirlerinen onyng atqarghan qyzmetine qatysty kóptegen tyng derekter biluge bolady. 1957, 1962 jyldary filarmoniya basshylary bolghan M. Bestybaev, I. Ryk jәne Qazaq KSR-nyng Mәdeniyet ministrligining óner jónindegi basqarma basshysynyng orynbasary V. Portnov t.b. qorytyndy pikirlerinen ýzindi keltirdik. Bir qújatta: «V kachestve konsulitanta provodil rabotu v Osokarovskom muzykalinom kombinate. Sovmestnaya rabota Kasymova K. s drugimy muzykalinymy deyatelyamy respubliky po rekonstruksiy narodnyh instrumentov dala polojiytelinye rezulitaty v otnosheniy zvuchaniya narodnyh instrumentov» depti, kelesi qújatta: «Kak spesialist v etoy oblasty Kasymov K. dostig znachiytelinyh uspehov. Talantlivyy rekonstruktor narodnyh instrumentov, on sozdal ryad raznovidnostey dombr, a takje kobyzy novogo tipa. Yavlyaetsya izobretatelem udarnogo instrumenta-daulpaz. Rabota po rekonstruksiy narodnyh instrumentov, dala polojiytelinye rezulitaty v otnosheniy usiyleniya zvuchaniya y obogasheniya tembrov orkestra. Instrumentamy usovershenstvovannymy Kasymovym polizuytsya po vsemu Kazahstanu ne toliko professionalinye muzykanty, no y krujky hudojestvennoy samodeyatelinosti» dep bayandalghan.[5].

Filarmoniyada úzaq jyldar júmys jasaghan Qamar Qasymov 1962 jyly qazannyng 17-kýni zeynetkerlik demalysqa shyghady. Qamar Qasymovtyng enbegi memleket tarapynan baghalanyp 1944 jyly tamyzdyng 7-kýni halyq aspaptar orkestrining 10 jyldyghyna oray Qazaqstannyng muzykalyq ónerine qosqan zor ýlesi ýshin Qazaq KSR-ynyng Jogharghy Kenesining qúrmet gramotasymen, 1946 jyly mamyrdyng 16-kýni KSRO Jogharghy Kenesi Prezidiumynyng Jarlyghy boyynsha «1941-1945 Úly Otan soghysy jyldaryndaghy Eren enbegi ýshin» medalimen, 1947 jyly jeltoqsannyng 29-kýni Qazaq KSR-ynyng Jogharghy Kenesi Prezidiumynyng Jarlyghymen «Qazaq KSR-ynyng enbek sinirgen óner qayratkeri» ataghymen jәne qúrmet gramotalarymen (09.06.1949j.; 03.12.1954j.; 10.12.1955j.) marapattaldy.[6].

Qamar Qasymov ómirde janyna jaqyn adamdardy erte joghaltty, ata-anasy, әielderi men balalary az uaqyt arasynda kóz aldynda ómirden ótti. Biraq sol qiyndyqtardan qayraty qajymay, ústalyq sheberligin úshtap ómir boyy adal enbek etti. Aspaptardy búrynghy qalpyna keltiru arqyly olardyng tarihyn jalghastyrdy, nasihattady. Árdayym últtyq aspappen kýy shertip nemese әn aitqan adamdy kórgende onyng qolyndaghy aspaptyng jәne sol aspapty jasaghan ústanyng sheberlik mektebining tereng tarihynyng saqtalghandyghy dep týsinemiz.

Qazaq KSR-ynyng enbek sinirgen óner qayratkeri Qamar Kasymov 1966 jyly mausymnyng 14-kýni qaytys boldy. [7].

Paydalanghan derekter tizimi

1. Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ortalyq memlekettik arhiyvi (әri qaray-QR OMA). 90-qor, 5-tiz., 4015-is, 42-p.;
2. QR OMA, 1823-qor, 1-tiz. 56-is, 217-p.; 90-qor, 5-tiz., 4015-is, 41, 65-pp.;
3.
QR OMA, 1823-qor, 1-tiz., 80-is, 86-p.; 1823-qor, 1-tiz., 147-is, 39-p.; 1823-qor, 1-tiz.,163-is, 24-26pp.;
4. QR OMA, 1823-qor, 1-tiz., 223-is, 62, 184-pp.; 1823-qor, 1-tiz., 244-is, 141-p.; 1823-qor, 1-tiz., 287-is, 24-p.; 1823-qor, 1-tiz., 310-is, 397-p.;
5. QR OMA, 90-qor, 5-tiz., 4015-is, 34, 38, 61-pp.;
6. QR OMA, 90-qor, 5-tiz., 4015-is, 32, 40, 62-63 pp.;
7. QR OMA, 90-qor, 5-tiz., 4015-is, 23-p.

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