Memleketshildikting teoriyasyn Móde qaghan jasaghan!
1. Jer - memleketting negizi, nemese quatty ghún imperiyasy
Aldymen bir tarihty eskertip óteyin!
Bizding ata - babamyz Móde qaghan bizding dәuirimizge deyingi 209 jyly jan-jaghynan qysymgha týsip әlsiregen Ghún memleketining taghyna otyrdy.
Búl uaqyt Ghúndardyng asa quatty bolghan kezi eskirip, tek estelikke ainalghan bolatyn. Módening taqqa otyrghanyn estigen Shyghys Hu-lar (býgingi qytaylardyng babalary) sayasy qysym jasay bastady. Ol turaly ejelgi Han (qytay) tarihshysy Syma Syannyng «Shy Szi» (Tarihy jazbalar) atty kitabynda bylay dep jazady:
«Móde taqqa otyrghan uaqyt shyghystaghy hu-lar asa quatty el retinde tanyla bastaghan kezge dóp keldi. Olar Móde óz әkesin óltirip, biylik basyna kelgenin esty sala, Módege elshi jiberip, Týmen shaniuyden (Týmen shaniu-Módening әkesi) qalghan kýnine myng shaqyrymgha talmay shabatyn ataqty túlparyn berudi súraydy. Móde uәzirlerimen aqyldasqanda olar: «Myng shaqyrymgha shabatyn búl túlpar Ghún memleketining asa qymbat baylyghy, beruge bolmaydy»,-deydi.
Móde: «Bir ghana jylqygha sarandyq jasap, kórshimen tatu otyra almaytyn shygharmyz?»,-dep shyghys Hu eline kýnine myng shaqyrymgha shabatyn jýirik túlparyn berip jiberdi.
Biraz uaqyttan keyin Shyghystaghy Hu-lar Móde bizden qorqady eken dep oilady. Sondyqtan olar elshi jiberip Móde shaniuyge ózining eng súlu bir yanichjiy-in (әielin) berudi súraydy. Móde shaniu taghy da uәzirlerimen aqyldasqan kezde, olar: «Shyghys Hu-lar әdeptilikti bilmeydi eken, sondyqtan olar yanichjiydi alghysy keledi. Olargha soghys ashuymyz kerek»,-dep ashulanypty. Biraq Móde haghan: «Bir әielge sarandyq jasap, kórshimen tatu otyra almaytyn shygharmyz»,-dep ózining eng sýiikti yanichjiy-in olargha berip jiberipti.
Shyghys Hu myrzalary odan sayyn elirip, batystaghy jerlerdi jaulap ala bastaydy. Olardyng arasynda adam mekendemeytin kóp jerler boldy, jәne olar onyng eki jaghynda outo (shekara qabyrghasynyng atauy) retinde ómir sýrdi.
Shyghys Hu elshisi kelip: «Sender men bizding aramyzda shekaramyz outo-nyng ar jaghynda iyesiz jer bar. Sender oghan jete almaysyndar, sol jerlerdi biz alayyq» degende, Móde óz uәzirlerinen ne isteu kerektigin súraghanda, olar: «Ol iyesiz jerler, beruge de bolady, bermeuge de bolady», - depti. Móde qatty ashulanyp: «Jer memleketting negizi, ony qalay beruge bolady?»,-dep jerdi ber degen uәzirding basyn shabudy búiyryp, shyghysqa qaray attanyp, shyghys hu-largha kenetten shabuyl jasady.
Shyghystaghy Hu-lar Módeni alymsynbay, soghysqa eshbir dayyndyqsyz otyrghan edi. Módening әskeri shabuyldap, qatty soqqy berdi, shyghystaghy Hu әuletining patshasyn óltirip, olardyng halqy men mal dýniyesin oljalady.
2. Aqqorghannyng ontýstigi - shapan men tymaqtylardiki, soltýstigi - sadaqshylardiki...
Móde shyghysta Hu-lardy jenip, baghyndyrghan kezde, yuechjiyler Ghúndardyng batysyndaghy Ýisinderge basyp kirgendikten, ol elding patshasy Ghún eline qashyp keledi. Yuechjiyler olardy quyp kelip, Ghún elining jerinde ýisindermen soghysa bastady.
Múny estigen Móde dereu batysqa qaray joryq bastap, yuechjiylerdi talqandap, olardy Ghún jerinen quyp shygharyp, aryqaray shabuyldap, yuechjiylerge aiyrylyp qalghan Ghún elining Altay taularyna deyingi jerin qaytaryp alyp, oghan qosa yuechjiylerding de keybir jerlerin basyp aldy.
Móde osylay kýsheyip, býryn Sini patshalyghyna aiyrylyp qalghan Ghúngha qarasty Ordos jerin de qaytaryp aldy.
Móde odan ary 40 myng atty әskermen baryp bizding dәuirge deyingi 200 jyly Ghúndargha basyp kirgen Han әuletining patshasy Gaodiydi 320 myng әskerimen qosa Bәiden bekinisinde bir apta boyy qorshaugha alghanda Han әuetining patshasy jenilgenin moyyndap, Ghún memleketimen ózara tynyshtyqta bolugha shart jasady.
Búl kelisim-shart boyynsha Han eli Ghún memleketin ózimen teng dep tanyp, memleketining shekarasyn Aqqorghanmen bekitti.
Búl turaly jogharydaghy Syma Syani, «Móde-den bastap ghúndar eng kýshti, ýlken bolyp ósti, soltýstiktegi barlyq eldi týgeldey basqardy, ontýstiginde Han elimen tenesti»,- dep jazdy. Ol «Shy Szi» (Tarihy jazbalar)-ynda bylay dep jazdy: «Lu Ban huandiyding búiryghy boyynsha, aqqorghannyng soltýstigindegi sadaqshylar eli shaniuy búiryghyna baghynady, al aqqorghannyng ontýstik jaghyndaghy shapan, belbeu, tymaq kiyetin elder maghan baghynady ... Han men Ghúndar iyq tiresken, quatty kórshiler bolady »,-dep patsha әuletining hanshayymyn Móde shaniuyge patshayym etip berdi jәne oghan jyl sayyn jibek, jibek búiymdar, sharap, astyq jәne azyq-týlik berip túratynyn mәlimepti.
Búl kelisim tarihta «beybitshilik kelisimi» dep ataldy.
3. Kiyiz turylyqty sadaqshylardy biriktirgen Ghún imperiyasy
Búdan Ghúndar men Hanidar arasyndaghy shekarany aqqorghan arqyly qúrghany aiqyn kórinedi. Hani әuleti ghúndargha tәueldi bolghannan keyin Móde batysqa nazar audardy. Sebebi yuechjiyler ghúndardan jenilis tapqannan keyin kek alu ýshin kelesi soghysqa dayyndalyp jatqan edi.
Sondyqtan Móde yuechjiylermen bolatyn soghysqa dayyndalyp, jaghdaydy baqylau ýshin tynshylar jiberip, yuechjiylerding Ghúndarmen odaqtasu turaly әreketterine tosqauyl qoydy.
Búl kezde Han dinastiyasynda Hani Sin bastaghan kóterilis bastaldy. Móde Hani Sindi qoldap, onyng tәuelsizdigin moyyndaudy Han patshasyna mәjbýr etti. Osy kezde yuechjiyler ghúndargha qarsy soghys bastaghandyqtan, Móde batystaghy iyechjiylerge qarsy soghysqa attanady.
Han dinastiyasynyng ishki kóterilisi kýsheyip, ózderi qúryp ketuding az-aq aldynda túrghandyqtan olar Ghúndargha qarsy soghysa almaytyn edi. Bizding dәuirimizge deyingi 178 jyly Lu Ban qaytys bolyp, onyng jesiri Lu Hou taqqa otyrdy.
Patshayym Lu Hou Ghúndardyng batysqa nazar audarghanyn paydalanyp, Hani Sindi astanagha kelissózder jýrgizuge aldap shaqyryp alyp, óltiredi. Ghýndardyng batys bóligining uany Syan dәl osy kezde Han әuletining jerine basyp kirip, shekara provinsiyasyn tonap qaytypty.
Múny estigen Móde uang Syandy batystaghy yuechjiylerge qarsy soghysqa jiberip jazalaydy da birden Han әuletine elshi jiberip, batys Ghúnnyng uany Syandy soghysqa jiberip jazalaghanyn aityp, eki el arasyndaghy dostyq kelisimin qalpynda qaldyrudy ótinedi. Han әuletining patshayymy Lu Hou Ghúndargha qarsy soghysqa shyghudy kózdegenimen, quatty Ghún әskerlerinen qorqyp, Módening ótinishin qabyldaydy.
Ghúndardyng yuechjiylerimen soghysy jenispen ayaqtalyp, yuchjiylerdi Tәnir tauynan asyryp quyp, Kandju jәne Fergana manyndaghy 96 qala men eldi mekenderdi basyp alyp, olardan salyq jinap alyp túratyn boldy. Osy joryq turaly «Shy Djiy»-da: «Ghúndar batystaghy Kangha (Kandju) jәne Ferghana (Davani) elderinen salyq alyp, ontýstiktegi syanidarmen baylanys jasady ... Batys elderi týgelimen әlsirep, Ghúndardyng qol astyna qarady. Ghúndar asa kóp eldi jaulap alyp, kýsheye týsti»,-dep jazady.
Bizding dәuirimizge deyingi 174 jyly Móde qaghan Han imperiyasyna jazghan hatynda: «Batys uany Syan jazalanyp, yuechjiylerge qarsy soghysqa jiberildi. Tәnirding qalauymen sarbazdar men sardarlarymyng deni sau, at-kólikterimiz semiz bolghandyqtan maghan yuechjiylerdin barlyq iyelikteri baghyndyryldy. Men Loufani, Ýisin, Hýze-lerdi jәn olardyng 26 iyelikterin iyelenip aldym, barlyghyn Ghún eline baghynatyn ettim. Osylaysha sadaq tartushy barlyq halyqtar bir otbasy boldy»,- dep jazdy.
Keyinirek Úly Shynghyshan osy kiyiz tuyrlyqty sadaqshylardy bir otbasyna taghy bir ret jinaghan edi.
Býginde Móde qaghannyng «jer - memleketting negizi» degen sózi әlem memleketterining negizgi teoriyasyna ainaldy.
Amantay Toyshybayúly
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