2021 jyly Qazaqstan tәuelsizdigine 30 jyl tolady. 70 jyl KSRO qúramynda bolghan 15 odaqtas el óz aldyna Tәuelsizdikterin jariyalap, alyp imperiyanyng shekpeninen shyqty.

Al, KSRO-nyng ydyrau prosesi sonau 1980-shi jyldardyng ayaghynda bastaldy. Kenes Odaghynyng qúlauynyng resmy kýni - 1991 jyldyng 26 ​​jeltoqsany. Al, Qazaqstan 1991 jyly Kenes Odaghy ydyraghannan keyin tәuelsizdigin songhy bolyp jariyalady.

1990 jyly 25 qazanda Qazaq KSR Jogharghy Kenesi Qazaq KSR-ning memlekettik egemendigi turaly Deklarasiya qabyldady. 1991 jyly 1 jeltoqsanda Qazaqstan boyynsha birinshi jalpyhalyqtyq, preziydenttik saylau ótti, onda saylau uchaskelerine kelgen qazaqstandyq saylaushylardyng 98,76 payyzy Núrsúltan Nazarbaevqa dauys berdi.

1991 jyly 10 jeltoqsanda N. Á. Nazarbaev Respublika sarayynda saltanatty týrde ant qabyldady jәne halyq saylaghan Qazaqstannyng preziydenti retinde júmysyn bastady. Sol kýni respublikanyng Jogharghy Kenesi Qazaq KSR-in Qazaqstan Respublikasy dep atau turaly sheshim qabyldady.

Qazaqstan Respublikasy Jogharghy Kenesining 1991 jylghy 16 jeltoqsandaghy qaulysymen «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng memlekettik tәuelsizdigi turaly» konstitusiyalyq zang qabyldandy. Jyl sayyn búl kýni elimizde Tәuelsizdik kýni atap ótiledi.

«Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Jogharghy Kenesi Qazaqstan halqynyng erik-jigerin bildire otyryp, adam qúqyqtarynyng jalpygha birdey deklarasiyasynda, basqa jalpygha tanylghan halyqaralyq qúqyq normalarynda bekitilgen, adamnyng jeke basynyng qúqyqtary men bostandyqtarynyng basymdylyghyn moyynday otyryp, qúqyqtaryn rastaydy. Yadrolyq qarudy taratpau qaghidasyna jәne qarusyzdanu prosesine sýienetindigin mәlimdey otyryp, syrtqy sayasatty jýzege asyryp, azamattyq qogham men qúqyqtyq memleket qúrugha bel bughan qazaq últynyng ózin-ózi anyqtaugha baghyttalghan memleketin saltanatty týrde jariyalaydy», - delingen zannyng kirispesinde.

1997 jyly Qazaqstan ýkimeti astanany 1927-1997 jyldar aralyghynda astana bolghan Qazaqstannyng eng ýlken qalasy Almatydan Aqmolagha auystyrdy (1998 j. Astana jәne 2019 j. 23 nauryzynda Núr-Súltan ataldy).

Kenes Odaghy ydyraghanda jәne Qazaqstan óz tәuelsizdigine qol jetkizgende, bizding el ózining jeke egemen ishki jәne syrtqy damu jolymen ketti. Naryqtyq ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy demokratiyalyq reformalardy jýzege asyryp, Qazaqstan  egemendi damu jyldarynda ýlken jetistikterge qol jetkizdi. Sonyng bir jetistigi –jana Astanasyn salu men onyng 20-jylda damyp, gýldenui.  Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng jana Astanasy 1830 jyly payda boldy jәne onyng alghashqy aty – Aqmola. 1869 j. Aqmola Aqmola uezining ortalyghy bolyp qayta qúryldy jәne Aqmola oblysynyng ortalyghy boldy.

1961 jylgha deyin búl qalanyng tarihynda eshqanday manyzdy ózgeris bolmady. Barlyghy jaqsy biledi, 1953 j. Nauryz aiynda Stalin qaytys bolady jәne Kenes Odaghynyng biylik basyna Hrushev keldi. 1954 jyldan bastap, Kenes Odaghynyng jana kósemi tyng iygeru iydeyasyn jýrgize bastaydy. Ol tyng iygeruding basty jeri – Qazaqstan dep belgilep,  1954-1961 jj. Kenes Odaghynyng Resey jәne t.b. jerlerden 6 mln. tyng iygerushilerdi qonystandyra bastady. Sol uaqytta, Hrushevting bastamasy boyynsha, respublikanyng tyng iygeru jerlerining ortalyghy – Aqmola bolyp bekitiledi. Soghan baylanysty, Hrushev óz jeke búiryghymen, 1961 j. Aqmolany Selinogradqa ainaldyrady. 1961 jyldan bastap  1992 j. deyin Aqmola Selinograd qalasy bolady.

Tәuelsizdikti alghannan keyin tarihy Aqmola atauy qaytadan qalpyna keldi. Sol kezde Elbasy Almatydan Aqmola qalasyna astanany auystyru turaly iydeyasyna nazar audarady.

Kenes zamanynda, Qazaqstannyng alghashqy astanasy 1920 j. Orynbor bolady, biraq 1925 j. ony  Orynbordan Qyzyl-Orda qalasyna auystyrady. Tek 1928 j. Kenes biyligi Qazaqstannyng astanasy – Almaty qalasy dep bekitedi. Jәne 1997 j. deyin Almaty Qazaqstannyng astanasy boldy.

Álemdik tәjiriybege sýiensek, barlyq memleketter óz astanasyn óz territoriyasynyng qaq ortasynda ornalystyryp, barlyq aimaqtar men audandar birdey jaqyn jәne basqarugha óte tiyimdi jaghynan qarastyrady eken. Soghan baylanysty egemendi elimiz osy jaghdaylardy esepke alyp, jana astanasyn Almatydan Aqmolagha auystyrady.

Sonymen, 1997 j. bastap Aqmola qalasy Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng jana astanasy payda bolady. Al 1998 j. bastap oghan «Astana»  jana aty qoyyldy. Preziydent bir sózinde: Qazaqstannyng «Astana» degen aty kirillisa men latyn әlipbiyinde birdey jenil aityluymen el esinde qalady degen bolatyn.

1998-2018 jj. Aralyghynda sol Astana aitarlyqtay ózgerip, damyp jatyr. TMD elderining astanalary arasynda ghana emes, әlemde – naghyz әsem, keremet jәne zamannyng talabyna say ghajayyp qalagha ainaldy.

Astana – qazirgi Qazaqstannyng tólqújaty dep tolyq aitugha bolady. 20 jyl ishinde, Qazaqstannyng qaq ortasynda zamanauy qala payda boldy. Ol Egemendi Elding jýregi!

Qazaqstannyng Túnghysh Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaev 30 jylday memleket basshysy qyzmetin atqardy, 2019 jyly 19 nauryzda otstavkagha ketti. Onyng ornyna sol kezde Parlament Senatynyng spiykeri, memleketting preziydentten keyingi ekinshi adamy bolghan Qasym-Jomart Toqaev keldi.

Býginde Qazaqstan tәuelsiz, demokratiyalyq jәne qúqyqtyq memleket. Qarjy ministrligi statistika komiytetining mәlimetteri boyynsha 2020 jyldyng 1 qazanyndaghy jaghday boyynsha respublika túrghyndarynyng sany 18,8 million adamnan asady.

Qazaqstan aumaghy boyynsha әlemde toghyzynshy orynda. Eldi preziydent, ýkimetti premier-ministr basqarady.

Qazaqstan parlamentining eki palatasy bar: jogharghy palatasy - Senat, tómengi palatasy - Mәjilis.

Sot biyligin Jogharghy Sot, oblystyq, әskeri, qalalyq, audandyq jәne mamandandyrylghan sottar jýzege asyrady.

Qazaqstangha 14 oblys, 87 qala kiredi (onyng ishinde ýsh respublikalyq manyzy bar qalalar: Núr-Súltan, Almaty, Shymkent. Sonymen qatar oblystyq manyzy bar 38 qala jәne audandyq manyzy bar 47 qala bar.

Ár oblys pen qalany әkim basqarady, ony el preziydenti taghayyndaydy. Últtyq valuta - tenge.

Qazaqstanda 30-dan astam týrli halyqtardyng ókilderi túrady. 2020 jyldyng basyndaghy mәlimetter boyynsha halyqtyng bir bóligi qazaqtar boldy - 68,51%; orystar - 18,85 %, ózbekter - 3,25 %, úighyrlar - 1,47 %, ukraindar - 1,42 %, tatarlar - 1,08 % jәne basqalar.

Qazaqstan resmy týrde eki tildi memleket, degenmen ýkimet qazir ýshtildilikke bet búrdy. Qazaq tili memlekettik til mәrtebesine iye, al, orys tili - resmy til.

Tәuelsizdik alghannan beri Qazaqstan TMD, EKO jәne ShYÚ mýshesi boldy. Sonymen qatar, respublika búrynghy Kenes Odaghynyng qúramynda bolghan birqatar basqa eldermen birge Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq odaqtyng qúramyna kiredi.

Sonday-aq, Qazaqstan BÚÚ-nyn, Europadaghy qauipsizdik jәne yntymaqtastyq úiymynyn, Euroatlantikalyq seriktestik kenesinin, Týrki kenesining jәne Islam yntymaqtastyq úiymynyng mýshesi.

Ol NATO-nyng «Beybitshilik ýshin seriktestik» baghdarlamasynyng belsendi qatysushysy. Keybir mәlimetterge sýiensek, Qazaqstan Ortalyq Aziyadaghy eng iri ekonomikagha iye, aimaq JIÓ-ning 60 % -yn qúraydy.

Dýniyejýzilik shiyki múnay baghasynyng qoldauymen 2000-2007 jyldar aralyghynda JIÓ ósu qarqyny 8,9 %-dan 13,5 %-ke deyin boldy. 2008-2009 jyldary olar 1-3 %-gha deyin tómendedi, sodan keyin 2010 jyldan bastap qayta kóterildi.

Qazaqstannyng basqa negizgi eksportyna biday, toqyma jәne mal sharuashylyghy jatady. Qazaqstan urandy eksporttaushy jetekshi el bolyp tabylady. 2014 jylghy devalivasiya tengeni 19 % әlsiretti.

Taghy 26 % devalivasiya 2015 jyldyng tamyzynda boldy. JIÓ ósimi 2019 jyly 4,5 % qúrady. 2020 jyldyng qantarynda Qazaqstannyng JIÓ ósimi 3,6 % qúrady. 2015 jyly Últtyq bank pen Qazaqstan ýkimeti tengening ózgermeli baghamynan ózgermeli aiyrbas baghamyna auysyp, bas tartu turaly sheshim qabyldady.

Memleket basshysy Qasym-Jomart Toqaev 2020 jyly qazanda ótken últtyq qoghamdyq senim kenesining tórtinshi otyrysynda 2021 jyldy Tәuelsizdikting 30 jyldyghy dep jariyalau turaly sheshim qabyldady. «Búl jýrip ótken joldy týsinuding jaqsy sebebi», - dep jazdy Toqaev Twitter-de.

Ol «mereytoy ekonomikalyq jәne sayasy reformalarmen, sifrlandyrumen, balalar men mýgedekterding qúqyqtaryn qorghaumen jәne ekologiyalyq mәselelerdi sheshumen ótedi» dep qosty. «Biz oqu sauattylyghy dengeyin arttyrugha ýlken nazar audaruymyz kerek. Janartu men sifrlandyrudy qajet etetin kitaphanalar búl mәselede manyzdy ról atqara alady», - dedi Preziydent.

Sonday-aq, Qasym-Jomart Toqaev Tәuelsizdikting 30 jyldyghyn merekeleu turaly aita otyryp, «qazir búl manyzdy tarihy datagha oray kóptegen merekelik sharalar ótkizetin uaqyt emes. Tәuelsizdikting 30-shy jylyn nәtiyjeli enbekpen atap ótu kerek», - aitty Qazaqstan Preziydenti.

Memleket basshysy, eng aldymen, әngime azamattardyng әl-auqatyn qamtamasyz etuge baghyttalghan tiyimdi reformalar turaly bolyp jatqanyn basa aitty. Ol reformalardyng Jogharghy Kenesining aldynda memlekettik manyzy bar mindetter túrghanyn jәne bos uaqyt joq ekenin aitqan bolatyn.

Kerimsal Júbatqanov

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