31 mamyr - sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni. Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev qazaq halqynyng nәubet jyldary qynaday qyrylghanyna biyl 80 jyl toluyn airyqsha eske aludy tapsyrghan bolatyn. Osy orayda redaksiyamyzgha zúlmat jyldardyng ashy tarihyn bayandaytyn maqalalar kelip týsude. Tómende biz «Qyzyl qyrghyn» izderi» atty maqalany úsynyp otyrmyz.
Ótken ghasyrdyng otyzynshy jyl¬da¬ryn¬daghy nәubetten shaghyn ghana Zaysan audanynyng halqy ainaldyrghan eki-ýsh jyldyng ishinde jiyrma myngha azayyp ketken. Kýshtep újymdastyru kezinde asyra silteu asqynghany sonsha jem-shóp qory bolmaghandyqtan halyqtan tartyp alynghan qora-qora mal birining jýnin biri jep qyrylyp jatty. Asharshylyq beleng aldy. Týrmege toghytylghandarda esep bolmady. Sol kezde Tekshikúly Ádilhan aqyn týrmeden bylay dep hat jazghan eken:

31 mamyr - sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn eske alu kýni. Elbasy Núrsúltan Nazarbaev qazaq halqynyng nәubet jyldary qynaday qyrylghanyna biyl 80 jyl toluyn airyqsha eske aludy tapsyrghan bolatyn. Osy orayda redaksiyamyzgha zúlmat jyldardyng ashy tarihyn bayandaytyn maqalalar kelip týsude. Tómende biz «Qyzyl qyrghyn» izderi» atty maqalany úsynyp otyrmyz.
Ótken ghasyrdyng otyzynshy jyl¬da¬ryn¬daghy nәubetten shaghyn ghana Zaysan audanynyng halqy ainaldyrghan eki-ýsh jyldyng ishinde jiyrma myngha azayyp ketken. Kýshtep újymdastyru kezinde asyra silteu asqynghany sonsha jem-shóp qory bolmaghandyqtan halyqtan tartyp alynghan qora-qora mal birining jýnin biri jep qyrylyp jatty. Asharshylyq beleng aldy. Týrmege toghytylghandarda esep bolmady. Sol kezde Tekshikúly Ádilhan aqyn týrmeden bylay dep hat jazghan eken:

Kóp sәlem ýsh qaytara auyl-aymaq,
Bir kezde sýt betinde
boldym qaymaq.
Shatylyp naqaq iske
jatqannan son
Múnaydym ne bolady
dep artymdy oilap.
Týrmede 200-dey kisi jatyr,
Júmyqtan Sapa menen
Qamash batyr.
Bәrining súrastyrsaq isi naqaq,
Beyne bir bolghanday-aq zaman aqyr.
Besjyldyq josparyna tura kelip,
Baylar da bolyp qaldy taza-taqyr,
Sahari, Uәsh jatyr zaty Kerey,
Jigitke, tirshilikte búl da merey.
Artyq pa osylardan mening janym,
Shәmirov qoydy jauyp naqaq demey.
Ormanbet, Shayahmet, jatyr Isa,
Qaghazgha jazayyn da sózim syisa,
Balasy Jarqyn,
Kótesh týgel múnda,
Ketedi sóz úzaqqa bәrin jisa.
Joldastyng birge
jatqan bәrin atap,
Jazyldy erikken song osy qissa.
Mysqaldan jatyr birge
Shәmel aqyn,
Biletin jigit eken sózding zatyn.
Aytysyp, qaljyndasyp otyramyz,
Bir uaq kótermekke kónil shatyn.
Ýstinde qyl kópirding túrghandaymyz,
Qorqamyz kete me dep ayaq tayyp.
Sәlem hat retinde jazdym múny,
Bekerge otyrghansha qúr múnayyp.

Býkil Zaysan audany boyynsha jýzden astam adam bay-kulak tabyna jatqyzyldy. Endi kóshpendi auyldardy kolhozgha úiystyryp, bir jerge shoghyrlandyryp, maldy, óndiristik qúral-saymandardy ortaq menshikke toptastyru nauqany bastaldy. Qarsy kelgender, keleli kenes aitqandar jazyqty boldy. Olardyng aldy sottaldy, saylau qúqyghyn, diny senimin ayaqqa basyp, qorlau bir mezgilde jýrgizildi.
Újymdastyru tizginin eldi ilan¬dyrar¬lyq¬¬tay bedeli men bilimi joq adamdar ústaghan-dyqtan el ishin narazylyq, ertengi kýnderine degen senimsizdik, әri ýrey jaylaydy. Shekara aimaqtaryndaghy auyl¬darda bolghan jolsyzdyqtardy keyin kýr¬shimdik enbek ardageri Aqash Jýnisov «El ishinde «shash al dese, bas alatyn» әperba¬qan әsire belsendiler qaptap ketti. Keybir ókilder momyn sharua adamy¬nyng keudesine minip alyp, ókimetke kim qarsy, tyqqan maldaryng qayda?» dep qinaytyn boldy.
Keybir auyldar shekaranyng arghy be¬¬tine ótuge jinaldy. Qytay asqaly jýrgender¬ding arasynan da «sen nege kóshpey otyrsyn» dep elge zәbir kórsetetinder shyqty» dep eske alady. Osynday betimen ketushilik pen zansyzdyqtyng saldarynan halyq kol¬hozdan qashyp, Qytay eline aua kóshti. Zaysan audanyndaghy №3 auyldyng 48 týtini salyq sayasaty búrmalanghandyqtan shetelge audy. Osynday asyra silteuge jol bergen azyq-týlik salyghy inspektory Qúlgharin jauapkershilikke tartyldy.
Elding aua kóshui kóbeygen kezde Qazaq ASSR Halyq komissarlar kenesi qauly qabyldady. Onda: «Aua kóshpekshi bolghandardy shekara shebinen 100 shaqyrym ary qaray qonys audartu kerek» delingen.
Shekara syzyghyn qiyp óterde ústalghan barlyq bay-kulaktardy nemese shekara asyp kóshpekshi bolyp sóz shygharyp, niyet etip jýrgenderge osy shara qoldanylghan. Al baydyng jeke ózi shekaradan ary ótip ketse barlyq mýlki alynyp, otbasy 100 shaqyrym ary kóshirildi. Búl endi әke ýshin balasy, tuys ýshin aghayyn japa shekti degen sóz.
Asyra silteu halyqty ashyndyrmay qoy¬mady. Qara Ertis selolyq kenesining tóraghasy M.Posohov újymdastyrugha qarsy shyghyp, astyq dayyndau ókilderin «qaranghy sharualardy ezushi» dep aiyptady. 1928 jylghy 16 tamyzda «Qosshy» odaghynyng tóraghasy Nauryzbay Daumenov 4-auyldan 65 týtindi shekaradan asyryp әketti. «Sol siyaqty «Qazaqstan» kolhozyn basqarghan Samay Sibenov kolhozdaghy elu ýidi kóshirip bara jatqanda shekarada tosqauylgha kezdesip, eki jaqtan da atys bastalyp, bәrin týgel kóshire almaghan. 22 otbasy shekarashylar qolyna týsip, keyin qaytaryldy degen suyt habar elge tarady (ShQO memlekettik múraghaty, 788-qor, 1-jazba).
Jogharghy ýkimet oryndarynyng qysy¬my¬¬¬men bolghan, jergilikti halyqtyng mýmkindikterimen sanaspay jýrgizilgan nauqandy auyldyq jerdegi Kenes ókimetining keybir ókilderi de qoldamaghanyn jogharydaghy mysaldardan kóruge bolady. Ár otbasynan alynyp, ortagha jinalghan mal ýshin (kóp mólsherdegi) mol jemshóp qory, sonshama mal syyatyn qoralar, bir ortalyqqa shoghyrlanghan halyq ýshin baspanalar salynbady. Jaz kezinde kiyiz ýy «qalashyghy» bolyp otyrghan kolhoz mýsheleri qysqa qaray búrynghy qystaularyna ketti. Endi qolda mal qalmaghannan keyin halyq ashygha bastady. Ashtyq ejelden eginshilikti kәsip etken orys semiyalaryn jaylady. Zaysan shekara otryadynyng jauyngerleri jeti adamdy bastap, Qytaygha qashyp bara jatqan 21 jastaghy Ivan Shuligin degen azamatty ústady. Keyin osy jeti jigit Samar audanyna jer audaryldy.
Shekara boyy 1930 jyly da tynyshsyz boldy. Elding Kenes ókimetine qarsylyghy qaruly qaqtyghystargha úlasty. Elding aua kóshuin jergilikti kenes organdary «sheteldegi qaruly bandalardyng әreketi, solar auyldardy kýshtep kóshirude» dep, barlyq kinәni ózgelerge audardy. Mysaly, 1930 jyly 30 shildede 200 adam shekara búzyp ótti. Olardyng 80-i qaruly edi. Atys bolghanda olardyng birnesheui ólip, birnesheui jaraly boldy. 1930 jylghy 28 tamyzda Shaghynobada Niyazbek Qúrbanbaev¬tyng «qaruly shayqasy» shekarashylarmen qaqty¬ghysyp qaldy degen suyt habarlar endi au¬dandyq ókimet oryndary ýshin ýirenshikti jayttargha ainaldy.
Asyra silteu kezinde jazyqsyz jazagha úshyraghannyng biri, «Qara Ertisting Kәribayy» atanghan - Kәribay Kenjebaev. Oghan elding aua kóshuin úiymdastyrdyn, «bandylargha» pana boldyng degen aiyp taghylady. Bir súmdyghy Kәribaydy kýieu balasy, әsire belsendi Ayapbergen degen ústap beredi. Kәrekeng sol kýii habarsyz ketedi. Elimiz egemendik alghan song Kәribaydyng nemeresi Jenisbek jan-jaqqa súrau salady. Sol kezde atasymen birge qamalghan Hamza aqsaqalgha jolyghady. «Bir kýni bizge berilgen nannyng arasynan shiyrshyqtalghan qaghaz shyqty. Onda «Kәribaydyng jigitteri Ayapbergendi órtep óltirdi» dep jazylypty. Sol kýni-aq Kәribaydy «súraqqa» әketken. Sodan beri iz-týssiz ketti ghoy esil er» depti Hamza aqsaqal. «Sol jyldary qaruly sodyrlar shekaragha jaqyn aimaqtardy, auyldardy qorqytyp, damylsyz shapqylap qútyryp ketedi. Solardyng ishinde Ayapbergen degenge qatty toqtalady. Alashordagha tilektessing dep, keybir adamdardy moynyna arqan baylap, salt atpen jele jortyp jetektep, sabap Zaysandaghy týrmege jóneltip otyrypty» dep osy belsendining ayausyzdyghyn Q.Alty¬baev «Synaptay syrghyghan jyldarym» de¬gen kitabynda jazypty.
Zaysan shekara otryadynyng audandyq kenes atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy Múhamedshinge joldaghan habarlamasy bar jaydy býkpesiz bayandaydy:
1929 jylghy 30 qarashada Qytaydaghy Altay aimaghy jaghynan Núrghaly Múqabaev bastaghan 30 adamdyq qaruly top shabuyl jasay otyryp, Alqabek ózeni manynda 60 otbasyn kóshirip әketti.
Kergantas túsynan Múqan Mәsәlimov «bandasy» 40 otbasyn kóshirdi.
1930 jylghy qantarda Sauyr arqyly Álen knyazdigining iyeligine 128 sharuashylyq (qúramynda 582 adam, 4421 mal bar) ótti. Olardyng kóshuine Álenning adamdary kómektesti
Sol jyly 16 qantarda, odan keyin 28 qantarda Qytay jerindegi Tanghyt Ýkirdaydyng adamdary 80 sharuashylyqty kóshirip әketti.
Aqpan aiynda Qonyrqajy Mәjitov bastaghan jaqsy qarulanghan jýz adam 97 sharuashylyqty kóshirdi.
6-10 aqpanda Shaghynoba arqyly 100 sharuashylyq arghy betke asty.
11 aqpanda Alqabek ózenining jaghasynda shekarashylarmen atysyp otyryp, 30 otbasy ótti.
17 aqpanda Sauyr tauy arqyly 93 sharuashylyq shekaradan ótti. Kóshti úiymdastyrushylar auyldyq kenes ókilin sabap, baylap ketti.
20 aqpanda Aqkezeng túsynan 160 sharuashylyq, 24 aqpanda 60 otbasy shekara búzdy. Atys bolyp, bir shekarashy óldi.
Qantar-aqpannyng ayazyna qaramay, qar jastanyp, múz tósenip, qiyn kezde el bosqyndyqqa óz betimen bara ma? Olardy osynday qysta atamekennen bosugha ne mәjbýrledi? Shekara otryadyndaghylar osy¬nyng bәrine «bandylar», shekaranyng arghy jaghyndaghy «qaraqshylar toby» kinәli dep mәlimdeme jazdy. «Qaraqshygha» dýniye-mýlik qajet emes pe? Al, olar tútas auyldardy ashtyqtyng tyrnaghynan alyp ótken. Qys mezgiline qaramay, bosqan elge shekaranyng arghy betindegi qandas aghayyndar qonys bergen.
Elding Qytaygha kóshui kóktemde odan ary jalghasqan. 1930 jylghy 15 nauryz kýngi jaghday boyynsha shekara otryadynyng bastyqtary Daryn bekinisinen 300 otbasy 8600 malymen, Jemeney kenti túsyndaghy zastava aumaghynan 1260 otbasy 1840 malymen, Qobyq tauyna qaray 240 otbasy alty myng malymen, Dórbeljin uezine 600 otbasy 14200 malymen ótip ketkenin habarlady. Shekaranyng arghy betinen jәne bergi betinen elding kóshuin basqardy degen Altay aimaghyndaghy 29 adam¬nyn, Jemeney uezinde delinip 48 adam¬nyn, Qobyq manynda dep 18 adamnyn, Dórbeljin uezinde dep 25 adamnyng aty-jónderin tolyq kórsetip, tizimin jazghan (ShQO memlekettik múraghaty, 788-qor, 1-jazba, 33-is).
Újymdastyru nauqanynyng auyr zardaptaryna, ashtyqqa shydamaghan býkil Arqa jeri men Shyghys Qazaqstannyng ózge audandarynyng halqy da kýizeldi, ashtan óldi, Qytaygha qashty. Zaysan shekara otryady osy bosqyndardy da tosqauylgha alyp, qyrghyngha úshyratty. «1931 jyly shilde aiynda bes jýz ýili Aqnayman (audan ortalyghyna jaqyn bolghandyqtan esepke alynghany) eli Qytay jerine ótpekshi bolyp, Bókenbay tauy, Qalghúty jerindegi Egindibúlaq auylynan on eki shaqyrym aralyqtaghy Besterek degen jer¬ge shoghyrlandy. Búl shekaragha Bylgharytabyty túsymen bir kýndik jer... Aughan elding dýrbeleni bastalghannan-aq belsendiler de qarap qalmay, audan ortalyghyna, shekara bekinisine habar beristi... Shekarashylar men olargha qosylghan jiyntyq kýshter Qaljyr ózenining boyynan tosqauyl jasap, pulemetin qúryp, biyikten baqylau jasap otyrdy.
Qalyng nópir qozghalatyn kýni týs mezgi¬linde Júmatay degen molda eldi týregeltip qoyyp, biyikte túryp sóz sóiledi. «Zamanymyz qalay bolady, kim bilsin, tek bir Alla saparymyzdy ongharghay, qara qazan, sary balanyng qamy ýshin erkindikting jolynda ólip ketsek sheyitpiz», - degendi aityp, barshasyna arnap tiridey janaza oqydy.
Sonymen qalyng el qozghaldy... Biyikten pulemet sayrap qoya beredi... Aughan elding alghy legi shekaradan ótip ýlgeredi... Alasapyranmen jýrgende tang atyp, kýn shyghady... Biraz adam әli atys ýstinde. Atysyp jatqan adamdardyng arasynan engezerdey bireu ornynan kóterilip, «Múhammed! Múhammed!» dep algha úmtyldy. Búl Qojambet ruynan Saqa¬ry degen ústa eken... Amal ne, esil er qarsy jaqtyng atqan oghynan mert boldy... Alasapyrannan keyin belsendiler men shekarashylar qolgha týsken, tyghylghan adamdardy jinap, sapqa túrghyzady. Júmatay molda men bes adamdy kóp aldynda atyp tastaydy. Qalghandaryn bala-shaghasymen aidap, Qara Ertis boyyndaghy Boran auylyna aparyp tergeuge alady. Bosqan maldy jinap, Zaysan kóli jaghasynan janadan qúrylyp jatqan sharuashylyqtyng Shengeldi iyeligine ótkizedi» dep jazady enbek ardageri Aqash Jýnisúly óz esteliginde.
Endi soghys ardageri, birneshe kitaptyng avtory Menghaly Musinning «Týnekte túnshyq-qandar» kitabyndaghy myna bir jantýrshigerlik oqighagha nazar audarayyq. Shekara aspaqshy bolghan taghy bir kósh Qoytýbekke ilikti. Bosqyn beysharalar sorlaryna qaray shekarashylargha kómek¬tesip, bosqan eldi qudalap jýrgen Uspenka selosyndaghy bolystyq voenkom Yakov Kondaurov basqaratyn qaruly topqa tap boldy. «Úzyn sózding qysqasy, qalghan júrtqa oraludan basqa lajy qalmaghan kósh endi sol júrtyna jetpey tútqyngha týsti. Olardy jayaulatyp taudaghy Topolevka selosyna atqa qonghan Kondaurov ózi aidap әketti. Jiynyp, buynghandarynsha sor bolghan arttaghy kәri-qúrtan, bala-shagha, aragha edәuir uaqyt salyp attanady. Shytyrman arasyndaghy búl tar soqpaq tozaqqa aparatyn jol ispettes bolyp shyqty: kósh jarty shaqyrym úzady ma, joq pa, ólip jatqan adamnyng ýstinen týsti. Oqtan ólgen. Kóshtegiler «әketayym-au» dep shulady da qaldy. Jiyrma-otyz adymnan keyin taghy osynday ólik, taghy u-shu. Alysqa úzap ne kerek, әne búta ishinde ýshinshisi qansyrap jatyr. Odan әrirektegi tórtinshisinde shala jany bar eken, ynyrsydy.
Topolevkagha jetkenge deyin talay adam osylay qaza tapqan. Al kóshti aidap jetkizgen otryadyn qarsy alghan Kondaurov joldastaryna qarap:
- Adaspadyndar ma? Men sender adaspasyn dep jol boyy belgi qaldyryp otyrdym, - dep yrjiya mәz boldy.
El aldynda, kir juyp, kindik kesken jer aldynda, jaratqan tәnirisi aldynda, aqyry ókimet aldynda jazyghy joq jandar bolsa da, aiuandyqpen óltirilgender esimin biz bilmeymiz. Sirә, adam qúny qotyr toqtygha tatymaytyn sol esimder bir qaghazgha jazylyp qaldy ma eken? Áy, qaydam... Topolevkagha baratyn say ishindegi sýrleu boyynda tómpeshikter osydan 15-20 jyl búryn ap-anyq kórinip jatatyn. Uaqyt shirkin, olardy da tegistep-aq tastapty.
Kóktemde búl ónir de jasyl kilem jamylghanymen kóz tartarday qúbylghan masattylyghy joq. Biraq búta arasynan qyltiyp ósken mýlәiim sheshekter maghan qúrbandargha ýnsiz joqtau aitqan Qoytýbekting qonyraulary bolyp kórinedi de túrady. (1991 jyl, mamyr. (Menghaly Musiyn. «Týnekte túnshyqqandar», 1998 jyl).
Elding aua kóshui qandy oqighalarmen úshtasyp jatty. Qarsylyq bolghannan keyin eki jaqqa da onay tiymeydi ghoy. Zaysannyng bir kezdegi merekelik jiyn ótkizetin ortalyq alanynda jastargha «revolusiya qúrbandary» dep týsindiriletin bauyrlastar ziraty bar. Osy arada jiyn ótedi, balalar pionerlikke qabyldanady, jastar gýl shoqtaryn qoyady. Búl qaza bolghan qyzyl әskerler shekara aspaqshy bolyp kóship bara jatkan Álibay mergenning auylyn әldebir belsendining habarlauymen qua shyqqan eken. Arttarynan qughyn kele jatqanyn kórip, Álibay auylyn ary qaray qoya berip, ózi jaqsylap bekinip alyp, atys bastaghan. Osy atysta qughynshy qyzyl әskerler týgeldey oqqa úshyp, Álibay qútylyp ketedi. Osy qúrban bolghan jauyngerlerding Álibayda úzynda óshi, qys¬qada kegi joq. Bastyqtarynyng búiryghyn oryndau kezinde kóz júmdy. Olar da solaqay sayasattyng qúrbandary.
1931 jylghy 15 nauryzda audandyq atqaru komiyteti prezidiumynyng mәjilisinde resmy týrde audandaghy jaghday óte nashar dep bagha berilip, újymdastyrudyng dúrys ótpeui jәne birqatar dayyndau nauqandarynyng kýireui, audandaghy jaghdaydyng tózgisiz boluy bay-kulaktardyng ýgiti saldarynan degen qorytyndy jasaldy. Kolhozdardyng qúlauy, tútas kolhozdar men halyqtyng shekaradan ary asuy baylar men atqaminerlerding kenes ókimetining sayasatyna qarsy ýgitinen boldy dep, osyghan kinәli degen 47 adamnyng tizimi berilgen (ShQO memlekettik múraghaty, 788-qor, 1-jazba). Ókinishke oray, shetke ketken qandastar sol ketkennen mol ketti. Ishinara әr jyldarda qayta oralghandar orasan adam shyghynynyng orynyn toltyra almady. «Altaydan Sauyrgha deyin Qytay shekarasy boyynda sozylyp jatqan úlan-baytaq aumaqtyng halqy bosyp ketkende, olardyng jerine kórshiles Tarbaghataydan 3000 ýidi aidap әkelip, 1931 jyly «Qazaqstan» kolhozyn qúrypty» dep jazady S. Bazarov («Sauyr-Sayqan sayasynda» kitaby).
Otyzynshy jyldardaghy alapat ashtyq Zaysan jerinde de boldy. «...Jol-jónekey qyrylghan mal, ashtan ólgen adam kýni býginge deyin kóz aldymnan ketken emes. Ýdere kóshken halyq aram ólgen maldyng ishin jaryp, bauyryn suyryp alyp, otqa qaqtap jep otyrady. Omyraudaghy sәbiyin qúshaqtap otyryp ólip ketken analardyng beti jabylmay qalghan jaghdaylar da kezdesip otyrdy. Er adam, әielderding ash úsqyn kelbeti óte ayanyshty edi...» dep eske alady alapat ashtyq jóninde enbek ardageri Qabdirahym Ábeyúly. («Dostyq» gazeti. 7 qazan 1992 jyl).
Qúrban bolghandar sany eshqashan resmy týrde aitylmady. Bәrin «aua kóshtige» qosty, shyn qúrbandyq faktileri býrkemelendi. Asharshylyq turaly estelikterde, múraghat¬tarda mәlimetter kezdesedi.
Qoryta aitqanda, el basyna týsken nәubet úmytylmauy tiyis. Ol býgingi egemendikting qadirin bilu ýshin de, bolashaqta sabaq alu ýshin de kerek.

Ghalym BAYBATYROV
Shyghys Qazaqstan oblysy

«Ana tili» gazeti