Qazaq-aghylshyn әlipby jobalary
Qúrmetti internet qoldanushylar!
Nazarlarynyzgha úsynylghan osy qazaq-aghylshyn harypty әlipbiyding 5 núsqasyna óz pikirlerinizdi bersenizder. Árqaysynyz qazyrghy qoldaugha jaramdy elektrondyq beyresmy әlipby tandaugha qatysyp, qazaqtildi qauymdy haryp mәselesinen qútqarugha qol úshyn berseniz eken. Sóitip, eng bolmasa hat-habar alysugha ortaq qoghamdyq jәne beyresmy әlipby tandap bekitsek, eshkim qarsy bolmas.
Aghylshyn qarypty birneshe qazaq әlipby jobalaryn jariyalay otyryp, internet qoldanushylarynyng pikirin bilgimiz keledi.
NÚSQA AVTORLARY ÁZIR KÓRSETILMEYDI.
1-NÚSQA
Keste:LatKaz-AHlJun
Qúrmetti internet qoldanushylar!
Nazarlarynyzgha úsynylghan osy qazaq-aghylshyn harypty әlipbiyding 5 núsqasyna óz pikirlerinizdi bersenizder. Árqaysynyz qazyrghy qoldaugha jaramdy elektrondyq beyresmy әlipby tandaugha qatysyp, qazaqtildi qauymdy haryp mәselesinen qútqarugha qol úshyn berseniz eken. Sóitip, eng bolmasa hat-habar alysugha ortaq qoghamdyq jәne beyresmy әlipby tandap bekitsek, eshkim qarsy bolmas.
Aghylshyn qarypty birneshe qazaq әlipby jobalaryn jariyalay otyryp, internet qoldanushylarynyng pikirin bilgimiz keledi.
NÚSQA AVTORLARY ÁZIR KÓRSETILMEYDI.
1-NÚSQA
Keste:LatKaz-AHlJun
«Batpandap kirgen auru mysqaldap shyghady» dep, ózimizdi aldausyratyp, júbatyp qoyamyz. Sóitip shydam tanytyp, shydas berip kelemiz.Býgingi qazaq jazuyna, tek әlipby auystyru ghana emes, týbegeyli reforma kerek dep jýrgenimiz sondyqtan. Reforma bir ghana әlipby auystyrumen tynbaydy. Reforma ýsh mәseleni - dybys, әlipby jәne emile-ereje - birdey qamtidy: dybys - ózge tilderden bólektep túratyn tilding túrpat-túrqy; әlipbiy - sol dybystyng qauyzy, basqasha aitqanda, qorghany men oqqaghary; emile-ereje - dybystardyng basyn biriktirip, sóz qúrap túratyn dәnekeri. Osy ýsh mәsele bir-birimen baylanysty jәne qatar sheshilmey tól jazu qalyptaspaydy.
Al әlipby auystyru - qazaq jazuyna reforma jasaudyng alghy sharty jәne eng tóte joly bolyp tabylady. Eger latyn jazuyna baptap óte alsaq, onda kóptegen til búzar tanba men emile-erejeler ózinen-ózi týsip qalady.
Sonymen, qazaq tilining tól dybystary: a, ә, b, gh(-g), d, e, j, z, y, q(-k), l, m, n, n, o, ó, p, r, s, t, u(w), ú, ý, sh, y, i. Osy dybystardyng syrtynda qazaq tilining dybystaryn izdep әure bolmau kerek, ózge dybys joq. Osy jerdegi bәrimizdi shatastyryp jýrgen U tanbasynyng dybys mәni, tilimizde óte jii kezdesetin, «erin-erindik juysynqy ýndi [w] dauyssyz dybysy» bolyp tabylady: au[aw], aua [awa], әu [äw], әue [äwe], su [suw], suy [suwu], u [uw], uyq [uwuq], uil [üwül], kýlu [külüw], an [ayuw], ýn [üyüw] t.s.s. Búl dybys orys tilinde joq, al aghylshyn tilinde bar, kórip otyrsyzdar, qazaq tilinde de bar.
Men latyn grafikasyn tek osy tól dybystar ýshin ghana qúrastyrghan edim. Ondaghy oiym, aldymen qazaq sózining ýndesim әuezine layyq әlipby ýlgisin dayyndap alu bolatyn. Onday әlipbi, eger qazaq tilining qamyn shyn oilasaq, bógde tilding dybys-tanbasynan arylghan taza, qospasyz bolu kerek. Al ózge orys tilinen engen kirme dybystar men tanbalar jayyn, basqa amaldyng joghynan, óz aldyna sheshu kerek dep, ekinshi kezektegi mәsele retinde eskertip otyratynmyn. Jәne onyng ýlgisin alystan izdemey-aq, orystardyng ózderi kórsetip otyrghanyn da eske salyp qoyatynmyn. Mysaly, v-v//ph, f-f//bh, s-tc, ch-ch t.b. Maghan senbesenizder, orys tilining jazba derek kózderin aqtaryp qaranyzdar. Orystardyng ózi halyqaralyq qújattardy, kompaniya attary men jarnamalardy latynsha beruge mәjbýr bolyp otyrghanyn kýnde oqyp-kórip otyrmyz ghoy. Sony kóre-bile otyryp, nege orystaqylyqty aspandatyp, qazaqylyqty túqyrtyp otyramyz?
Jalpy, Reseyding ózining kirilsheden airylmay otyrghanyn uaqytsha qúbylys dep qarau kerek. Sonda býgingi qazaq әlipbii derbes-derbes eki bólikten (tól әlipby óz tanba qúramy jәne emile-erejesimen, al kirme sózderding jazyluy óz tanba qúramy jәne emile-erejesimen) túrady. Búghan deyingi barlyq jariyalanymdarymyzda onyng ýlgisin berip otyrghan bolatynbyz [Latyn grafikasy negizindegi qazaq әlipbiyi: tarihy, taghylymy jәne bolashaghy. -Almaty: Arys, 2007. B.231. t.b.]. Kestede tek últtyq әlipby tizimi túrady, kestening syrtynda kirme dybystardyng jazylym emile-erejesi men ýlgisi beriledi. Búl - amal joqtan bolyp jatqan is. Endeshe, orys sózderin qalay jazamyz dep uayymdap, orys tilinen airylsa dalada qalatynday bolyp jýrgen óz aghayyndarymyz ýreylenbey-aq qoysyn. Kirme orys sózderinen әzir qútyla qoymaymyz, sondyqtan onyng jazylymyna kónil bólmey otyra da almaymyz.
|
№ |
Kirilshe |
Latynsha |
Ataluy |
|
1 |
A a |
A a |
A |
|
2 |
Á ә |
Ä ä |
Á |
|
3 |
B b |
B b |
By |
|
4 |
Gh gh(-G g) |
Ğ ğ(-G g) |
Ghy (-gi) |
|
5 |
D d |
D d |
Dy |
|
6 |
E e |
E e |
E |
|
7 |
J j |
J j |
Jy |
|
8 |
Z z |
Z z |
Zy |
|
9 |
Y y |
Y y |
Yi |
|
10 |
Q q(-K k) |
Q q(-K k) |
Qy (-ki) |
|
11 |
L l |
L l |
Yl |
|
12 |
M m |
M m |
My |
|
13 |
N n |
N n |
Ny |
|
14 |
NG n |
Ň ň |
Yn |
|
15 |
O o |
O o |
O |
|
16 |
Ó ó |
Ö ö |
Ó |
|
17 |
P p |
P p |
Py |
|
18 |
R r |
R r |
Yr |
|
19 |
S s |
S s |
Sy |
|
20 |
T t |
T t |
Ty |
|
21 |
U u |
W w |
Úu |
|
22 |
Ú ú |
U u |
Ú |
|
23 |
Ý ý |
Ü ü |
Ý |
|
24 |
Sh sh |
Š š |
Shy |
|
25 |
Y y |
I ɪ |
Y |
|
26 |
I i |
İ i |
I |
2-NÚSQA
Keste:LatKaz-MZhDAT
|
№ |
Latyn harpi |
Kiriyl harpi |
Qazaqsha oqyluy |
|
1. |
A a |
A a |
[ a ] |
|
2. |
B b |
B b |
[ by ] |
|
3. |
S s |
K k |
[ ki ] |
|
4. |
D d |
D d |
[ dy ] |
|
5. |
E e |
E e |
[ e ] |
|
6. |
F f |
F f |
[ fy ] |
|
7. |
G g |
G g |
[ gi ] |
|
8. |
H h |
NG n |
[ yng ] |
|
9. |
I i |
I i |
[ i ] |
|
10. |
J j |
Y y |
[ y ] |
|
11. |
K k |
Q q |
[ qy ] |
|
12. |
L l |
L l |
[ ly ] |
|
13. |
M m |
M m |
[ my ] |
|
14. |
N n |
N n |
[ ny ] |
|
15. |
O o |
O o |
[ o ] |
|
16. |
P p |
P p |
[ py ] |
|
17. |
Q q |
Gh gh |
[ ghy ] |
|
18. |
R r |
R r |
[ ry ] |
|
19. |
S s |
S s |
[ sy ] |
|
20. |
T t |
T t |
[ ty ] |
|
21. |
U u |
Ú ú |
[ ú ] |
|
22. |
V v |
V v |
[ vy ] |
|
23. |
W w |
U u |
[ u ] |
|
24. |
X x |
H h |
[ hy ] |
|
25. |
Y y |
Y y |
[ y ] |
|
26. |
Z z |
Z z |
[ zy ] |
Sonymen qatar qazaq tilindegi "qúramdas" dybystardy latynnyng qos harpimen belgileudi jón kórdik:
|
№ № |
Kiriyl harpi |
Qazaqsha oqyluy |
Latyn haripterining qosarlanghan tizbegi |
|
1. |
Á ә |
[ ә ] |
Ae ae |
|
2. |
Ó ó |
[ ó ] |
Oe oe |
|
3. |
Ý ý |
[ ý ] |
Ue ue |
|
4. |
J j |
[ jy ] |
Zh zh |
|
5. |
Sh sh |
[ shy ] |
Sh sh |
Kirme qúramdas dybystardy belgileu ýshin myna latyndyq tanbalar tirkesterin úsynamyz:
|
№ № |
Kiriyl harpi |
Qazaqsha oqyluy |
Latyn haripterining tizbegi |
|
1. |
Yo yo |
[ yo ] |
Jo jo |
|
2. |
Y iy |
[ iy ] / [ yy ] |
Ij ij / Yj yj |
|
3. |
S s |
[ sy ] |
Ts ts |
|
4. |
Ch ch |
[ chy ] |
Ch ch |
|
5. |
Sh sh |
[ shi ] |
Shsh shsh |
|
6. |
E e |
[ ye ] |
Je je |
|
7. |
y yu |
[ iyiu ] / [ yiyu ] |
Ijiw ijiw / Yjyw yjyw |
|
8. |
Ya ya |
[ iyә ] / [ yia ] |
Ija ija / Yja yja |
Kirme qúramdas dybystardyng búl toptamasyn bolashaq latyn harpi negizindegi әlipbiyge engizbeuge de bolady. Orys tilinen engen kirme sózderde búlardy qoldanu qajet bolsa, onda osy kesteni nemese orys tilinde qoldanylyp jýrgen latyn-orys transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesın paydalanamyz.
Sonymen latinisagha kóshuding biraz paydasy bolary sózsiz. Biraq-ta kóptegen qiyndyq tughyzatynyn da joqqa shygharugha bolmas. Búl qiyndyqtardy bylay toptastyrayyq:
1. Jasy úlghayghan adamdardyng kópshiligi aghylshyn tanbalarymen jazylghan materialdy mýlde oqy almaydy ghoy. Aghylshyn tanbalarymen jazylghan qazaqsha kitap, gazetterdi oqugha qinalatyn adamdar jastardyng arasynda da az bolmasy anyq.
2. Kóptegen qazirgi harippen basylyp shyqqan qazaq tilindegi kitaptarymyzdy bolashaq úrpaq erkin oqy almaytynday bolyp qalady. Álbette, olardy kompiuterding kómegimen aghylshyn tanbalaryna kóshirip, qaytadan basyp shygharugha bolady. Biraq-ta, bәrin qayta shygharu mýmkin emes qoy.
3. Latinisagha kóshu biraz qarjy talap etetindigin de eskermeuge bolmas.
Yaghni, tandaumyz - eki jol: 1) Aghylshyn tanbasyna kóshu; 2) Kirildik әlipbiyde qalyp qoiy. Búl eki jol - bizding tandar joldarymyzdyng "eng shetkileri" - dep oilap, "ortanghy" - "kýre tamyr" jol izdesek qalay bolar eken? Mysalgha:
3) Kirilisa men latinisany qatar paydalanayyq. Bolashaqta "qay jengeni" bizdiki.
3a) Kompiuterde, kompiuter jii qoldanylatyn jýielerde, alys-jaqyn shette jýrgen qandastarymyzben Internet, E-mail, Jerseriktik teledidar, Telegraf-Teletayp jýieleri arqyly hat-habar, aqparat almasuymyzda, yaghny elshilik jýiesindegi memlekettik dengeyde qoldana túrghan dúrys dep tabylsyn; ózimiz tandap bekitken aghylshyn tanbalaryn latyn-qazaq transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesı retinde qoldanayyq.
3ә) Mektepte tómengi synyptardan bastap latinisany ýireteyik (aghylshyn tilimen birge). Qazaq sózderin aghylshyn әripterimen jazudy oiyn retinde (kompiuterdegi oiyn retinde) ýirete bastayyq.
3b) Latyn-qazaq transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesın qazaq tilining kompiuterlik-maghlúmattyq jәne baylanystyng tehnikalyq jәne memlekettik qyzmet pen memlekettik basqaru isin jýrgizudegi jazba tanbalary dep qabyldayyq.
3v) Basqa jaghdaylarda kirilisany әzirshe qoldana bereyik.
Osydan keyin "әlipting artyn" baghayyq. Bolashaq úrpaqtarymyzgha ózderi birjola týpkilikti tandauyn jasap aluyna mýmkindik qaldyrayyq.
Latyn-qazaq transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesı bola ma, әlde qabyldanugha tiyis әlipbiyding ózi bola ma, әiteuir auystyrmas búryn tereng zerttep, múqiat tandaudy talap eteri haq. Biraq, әlipbiyge qaraghanda transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesın tandaudyng "jarasy jenil" bolady-au dep payymdaymyz, óitkeni transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesın qazirding ózinde asa kóp oilanbastan qabylday túryp, keyin uaqyty kelgende ony әbden jetildirip, týrlendirip, ózgertetin jerleri bolsa týzetip, týpkilikti әlipbiyge ainaldyryp alugha bolady ghoy demekpiz. Sebebi, býginderi qazaq tilining dybystyq jýiesi tynghylyqty týzilmey otyr /Myrzabekov S. Qazaq tilining dybys jýiesi. - Almaty: Sózdik-Slovari, 1999/, ony jýieleu ýshin uaqyt qajet.
Al transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesın memlekettik dengeyde standarttap alu - uaqyt kýttirmeytin sharagha ainalatyn kýn tuyp túr!
Al transljteratsjalyk tahbalar zhuejesin memlecettic dehgejde standarttap alw - wakyt cuettirmejtin sharaqa ajnalatyn cuen twyp tur!
3-NÚSQA
Keste: LatQaz-Jan
|
A a {A a} |
A' a' {Á ә} |
B b {B b} |
V v {V v} |
G g {G g} |
|
X x {Gh gh} |
D d {D d} |
E e {E e} |
- {Yo yo } |
J j {J j} |
|
Z z {Z z} |
Iy iy/Y y {Y iy} |
Y y {Y y} |
K k {K k} |
Q q {Q q} |
|
L l {L l} |
M m {M m} |
N n {N n} |
Ng ng {NG n} |
O o {O o} |
|
O' o' {Ó ó} |
P p {P p} |
R r {R r} |
S s {S s} |
T t {T t} |
|
U u {U u} |
U' u' {Ú ú} |
Y y {Ý ý} |
F f {F f} |
H h {H h} |
|
- {H h} |
- {S s} |
Ch ch {Ch ch} |
Sh sh {Sh sh} |
- {Sh sh} |
|
W w {Y y} |
I i {I i} |
- {E e} |
Yu yu {n yu} |
Ya ya {Ya ya} |
4-NÚSQA
Keste: LatKaz-MuxDa'vKun
|
№ № |
Latyn harpi |
Kiriyl harpi |
Qazaqsha eskishe oqyluy |
Qazaqsha týzetilgen qazirgi oqyluy |
Aghylshynsha- qazaqsha oqyluy |
|
1. |
A a / A' a' |
A a / Á ә |
[ a / ә ] |
[ a / ә ] |
[ ei / α / æ ] |
|
2. |
B b |
B b |
[ by ] |
[ biy ] |
[ bi: / biy ] |
|
3. |
S s / C' c' |
Sh sh / Sh sh |
[ shy / shi ] |
[ shy / shi ] |
[ si: / òj / òòi ] |
|
4. |
D d |
D d |
[ dy ] |
[ diy ] |
[ di: / diy ] |
|
5. |
E e |
E e |
[ e ] |
[ e ] |
[ i: / e ] |
|
6. |
F f |
F f |
[ fy ] |
[ ef ] |
[ ef ] |
|
7. |
G g |
J j |
[ jy ] |
[ jyy ] |
[ dʒi: / gjy ] |
|
8. |
H h |
NG n |
[ yng ] |
[ ing ] |
[ eitò: / iŋ] |
|
9. |
I i |
I i |
[ i ] |
[ ii ] |
[ ai / ii ] |
|
10. |
J j |
Y y |
[ y ] |
[ yy ] |
[ dʒei / jj ] |
|
11. |
K k / K' k' |
Q q / K k |
[ qy / ki ] |
[ qy / key ] |
[ kei / kj / kei ] |
|
12. |
L l |
L l |
[ ly ] |
[ el ] |
[ el ] |
|
13. |
M m |
M m |
[ my ] |
[ em ] |
[ em ] |
|
14. |
N n |
N n |
[ ny ] |
[ en ] |
[ en ] |
|
15. |
O o / O' o' |
O o / Ó ó |
[ o / ó ] |
[ ou / ó ] |
[ oυ / ou / œ ] |
|
16. |
P p |
P p |
[ py ] |
[ piy ] |
[ pi: / piy ] |
|
17. |
Q q / Q' q' |
Gh gh / G g |
[ ghy / gi ] |
[ ghy / gi ] |
[ kυ / qhj / gi ] |
|
18. |
R r |
R r |
[ ry ] |
[ rr ] |
[ α: / rr ] |
|
19. |
S s |
S s |
[ sy ] |
[ es ] |
[ es ] |
|
20. |
T t |
T t |
[ ty ] |
[ tiy ] |
[ ti: / tiy ] |
|
21. |
U u |
Ý ý |
[ ý ] |
[ ýý ] |
[ υ: / џ: ] |
|
22. |
V v |
U u |
[ yu / iu ] |
[ u ] |
[ vi: / υ ] |
|
23. |
W w |
Ú ú |
[ ú ] |
[ úú ] |
[ dÙbl υ / Ú: ] |
|
24. |
X x |
H h |
[ hy ] |
[ he ] |
[ eks / khe ] |
|
25. |
Y y |
Y y |
[ y ] |
[ uay ] |
[ wai ] |
|
26. |
Z z |
Z z |
[ zy ] |
[ zet ] |
[ zet ] |
5-NÚSQA
Keste: LatKaz-MZhDAT-DSA
|
№ № |
Latyn harpi |
Kiriyl harpi |
Qazaqsha eskishe oqyluy |
Qazaqsha-Kirilshe oqyluy |
Qazaqsha týzetilgen qazirgi oqyluy |
Aghylshynsha-qazaqsha janasha oqyluy |
|
1. |
A a |
A a |
[ a ] |
[ a ] |
[ a ] |
[ ei / α ] |
|
2. |
B b |
B b |
[ by ] |
[ be ] |
[ biy ] |
[ bi: / bij ] |
|
3. |
S s |
Sh sh |
[ shy ] |
[ sha ] |
[ shy ] |
[ si: / òy ] |
|
4. |
D d |
D d |
[ dy ] |
[ de ] |
[ diy ] |
[ di: / dij ] |
|
5. |
E e |
E e |
[ e ] |
[ e ] |
[ e ] |
[ i: / e ] |
|
6. |
F f |
F f |
[ fy ] |
[ ef ] |
[ ef ] |
[ ef ] |
|
7. |
G g |
J j |
[ jy ] |
[ je ] |
[ jyy ] |
[ dʒi: / zhyj ] |
|
8. |
H h |
NG n |
[ yng ] |
[ eng ] |
[ ing ] |
[ eitò: / iŋ] |
|
9. |
I i |
I i |
[ i ] |
[ i ] |
[ ii ] |
[ ai / ¡i ] |
|
10. |
J j |
Y y |
[ y ] |
[ yy / iy ] |
[ ey ] |
[ dʒei / ej ] |
|
11. |
K k |
K k |
[ ki ] |
[ ka ] |
[ key ] |
[ kei ] |
|
12. |
L l |
L l |
[ ly ] |
[ el ] |
[ el ] |
[ el ] |
|
13. |
M m |
M m |
[ my ] |
[ em ] |
[ em ] |
[ em ] |
|
14. |
N n |
N n |
[ ny ] |
[ en ] |
[ en ] |
[ en ] |
|
15. |
O o |
O o |
[ o ] |
[ o ] |
[ ou ] |
[ oυ ] |
|
16. |
P p |
P p |
[ py ] |
[ pe ] |
[ piy ] |
[ pi: / pij ] |
|
17. |
Q q |
G g |
[ gi ] |
[ ge ] |
[ gi ] |
[ kυ / gi ] |
|
18. |
R r |
R r |
[ ry ] |
[ er ] |
[ rr ] |
[ α: / rr ] |
|
19. |
S s |
S s |
[ sy ] |
[ es ] |
[ es ] |
[ es ] |
|
20. |
T t |
T t |
[ ty ] |
[ te ] |
[ tiy ] |
[ ti: / tij ] |
|
21. |
U u |
Ú ú |
[ ú ] |
[ ú ] |
[ úú ] |
[ υ: / ¥: ] |
|
22. |
V v |
V v |
[ vy ] |
[ ve ] |
[ viy ] |
[ vi: / vij ] |
|
23. |
W w |
U u |
[ u ] |
[ úu / ýu ] |
[ u ] |
[ dÙbl υ / υ ] |
|
24. |
X x |
H h |
[ hy ] |
[ ha ] |
[ hy ] |
[ eks / khy ] |
|
25. |
Y y |
Y y |
[ y ] |
[ y ] |
[ yy ] |
[ wai / yy ] |
|
26. |
Z z |
Z z |
[ zy ] |
[ ze ] |
[ zet ] |
[ zet ] |
Qazaq tilindegi "qúramdas" dybystardy latynnyng qosarly harpimen belgilep, búl kestede keltirilgen dybystardy "diftong" dep qarastyrghan jón:
|
№
|
Kiriyl harpi |
Latynnyng qos haripteri |
Qazaqsha oqyluy |
Qazaqsha eskishe oqyluy |
Aghylshynsha- qazaqsha oqyluy |
|
1. |
Á ә |
Ae ae |
[ ә ] |
[ ә ] |
[ æ ] |
|
2. |
Ó ó |
Oe oe |
[ ó ] |
[ ó ] |
[ œ ] |
|
3. |
Ý ý |
Ue ue |
[ ý ] |
[ ý ] |
[ ue: ] |
|
4. |
Q q |
Kh kh |
[ qa ] |
[ qy ] |
[ κy ] |
|
5. |
Gh gh |
Qh qh |
[ gha ] |
[ ghy ] |
[ gy ] |
Kirme qúramdas dybystardy belgileude de qosarly tanbalar qoldanamyz:
|
№ № |
Kiriyl harpi |
Qazaqsha oqyluy |
Latynnyn qosarlanghan haripteri |
Aghylshynsha- qazaqsha oqyluy |
|
1. |
Y iy |
[ iy ] / [ yy ] |
Ij ij / Yj yj |
[ ii / yi ] |
|
2. |
Sh sh |
[ shi ] |
Cc cc |
[ òòi ] |
Orys tilinen engen kirme sózderde búlardan basqa dybystardy qoldanu qajet bolsa, onda osy kestelerge enbegen dybystar ýshin orys tilinde qoldanylyp jýrgen latyn-orys transliyterasiyalyq tanbalar jýiesın paydalanamyz. Eger de búl dybystar qazaq tilining dybystyq jýiesin standarttau kezinde tilde qaldyrylatyn bolsa, onda olar da "diftong" dep qabyldanatyn bolsyn.
6-NÚSQA
Keste: LatKaz-EBAh
QAZAQY ÝNShELER (FONEMALAR)
Atalghan jaghdaylardy qazaq tilining ózge tilge tәueldik sipaty esebinde baghalap, ony qútqaratyn uaqyt keldi. Jogharyda taldanghan saraptamalardy eskere kelip, qazaq tiline barynsha tәn JÁ jasaqtaugha negiz etuge bolady.
Sayyp kelgende, qazaq tilindegi 42 әrippen 74 ýnsheni tanbalap jýrmiz. Al oghan tómendegishe dәiektelgen 28 әrip te jetkilikti. Eger әlipbiyge qazaq tiline tәn sipatyn bersek, mynaday keste shyghady:
|
№ |
ÁRIP |
DAUYSSYZDAR (buynshaq dybystar) |
|
1 |
b |
by,bi, yb, ib |
|
2 |
g |
gi, ig |
|
3 |
gh |
ghy, ygh |
|
4 |
d |
dy, di, yd, id |
|
5 |
j |
jy, ji, yj, ij |
|
6 |
z |
zy, zi, yz, iz |
|
7 |
k |
ky, ki, yk, ik |
|
8 |
q |
qy, yq |
|
9 |
l |
yl, ly, il, li |
|
10 |
m |
ym, my, im, mi |
|
11 |
n |
yn, ny, in, ni |
|
12 |
ng |
yn, in |
|
13 |
p |
py, yp, pi, ip |
|
14 |
r |
yr, ry, ir, ri |
|
15 |
s |
sy, ys, si, is |
|
16 |
t |
ty, yt, ti, it |
|
17 |
u |
úu, iu |
|
18 |
h |
hy,yh (arap-parsy) |
|
19 |
sh |
shy, ysh, shi, ish |
AGhYLShYN QARYPTY ELEKTRONDYQ BEYRESMY ÁLIPBY
Jogharyda aitylghandardy negizge ala otyryp, aghylshyn harypty qazaq әlipbii tómendegidey ýlgide jasaqtaldy:
|
№ |
kirilshe |
latynsha |
ýnshe |
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
|
Aa Áә Bb Ghgh Gg Dd Ee Yy Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Nn Oo Óó Pp Rr Ss Shsh Tt Úú Ýý Uu Yy Zz |
Aa Ahah Bb Ff Gg Dd Ee Yy Hh Jj Xx Kk Ll Mm Nn Ngng Oo Pp Rr Ss Cc Tt Ww Vv Uu Ii Zz |
a ә by,bi, yb, ib ghy, ygh gi, ig dy, di, yd, id e y i jy, ji, yj, ij qy, yq ki, ik yl, ly, il, li ym, my, im, mi yn, ny, in, ni yn, in o ó py, yp, pi, ip yr, ry, ir, ri sy, ys, si, is shy,ysh,shi,ish ty, yt, ti, it ú ý úu, ýu, yu, iu iy, yi zy, zi, yz, iz |
Úqtyrma
Álipby aghylshynnyng 26 qarpynan jasaqtalyp, 28 әripten týzildi. Áripting 26-sy birtanbaly, ekeui ghana qostanbaly, al aghylshyn әlipbiyinde qostanbalylar sany - 21, ózbekting latyn әlipbiyinde - beseu (múnyng ekeuine apostrof qosarlanghan). Ekinshi tanba retinde i әrpi retinde alynghan h qarpy jinishkertushi tanbagha tandalyp, ә dybysynyng әrpine sәikes týrde a dybysynyng jinishke núsqasy retinde ah tanbasy; al ng әrpine qazaq tili ýshin әbden jaramdy aghylshyn tilining belgili ng qosaghy tandaldy. Ayyryqsha atap óterlik jayttar:
- Q әrpine juyq búrynghy H tanbasy tandaldy;
- Ú dybysy - W (qos «uay» dybysy Ú dybysyna juyq ekeni eskerildi) jәne onyng jinishke núsqasy Ý dybysy - V әrpimen (qos «uaydyn» synary, Ú-nyng jinishke núsqasy Ý ýshin tandaldy) tanbalandy; búlargha tuyndylas Ó әrpi de grafikalyq jaghynan juyqtas Qq qarpymen (búrynnan tanys әripting ortanghy syzyghy tómenge týsirildi) almastyryldy.
Osylaysha grafikalyq jaqyndyqpen Ghgh әrpi ýshin aghylshyndyq Ff alyndy. Qalghan әripterding aghylshynsha qaryptaluy keskindes jәne kәdimgi latyndyq qoldanystaghy núsqalar bolyp tabylady. Sonda qoldanystaghy grafikalyq dәstýrden tys 6 qarypty janasha mengeruge tura keledi. Búl әlipbiylik jýiege eshbir tehnikalyq jәne elektrondyq qosalqy әzirlik pen shyghyn kerek emes, әlemning kez kelgen jerindegi elektron saymany qazaq tiline qoldanysqa týse beredi.
Jogharyda keltirilgen emlelik prinsipterdi iske asyruda qos tanbaly әripterding qatarlas kelui nemese qabattasuy bolmaydy,onyng ýstine ózbek әlipbiyindegidey jazudy qiyndatatyn artyq belgi (apostrof)joq; sondyqtan olardy osylaysha qoldanu eshbir túiyqqa tiremeydi de, aghylshyn tergisining (klaviatura, teruish-klaviysh) barlyq mýmkindigi sol kýiinde qazaq tilining de iygiligine ainalady.
Asty syzylghan osy mәtindi jana әlipbiyge salsaq, әrbir tórt-bes jol bireuge qysqaryp, mynaday jazba alamyz:
Jofaryda keltrlgen emlelk prinspterdh hske asruda xos tangbaly ahrpterdng xatarlas keluh nemese xabattasuy bolmaidy, sondxtan olardy oslaica xoldanu ecbr twixxa tremeidh de, aflcn tergsnng barlx mvmkndgh sol kvinde xazax thlnng de ighlgne ainalady.
Bayqalyp túrghanday, jana әlipby kestesinde әripterding әdettegidey atauy joq, әrip qatarynda sәikes ýnshelerding (fonema) dybystaluy bar. Búl qazaq tiline tәn ýndesim zandylyghyn jazbagha barynsha tiyimdi qoldanugha mýmkindik beredi jәne jazu emlesin meylinshe qarapayym etedi. Alayda, dybystyq jýiege negizdelgen eski әlipbiyge boyúsynghandar ýshin búl emle birshama ersi kórinui mýmkin.Alayda, múny jas úrpaq tez mengeredi. Shamamen alghanda, jana әlipbiydi mengeru jastar ýshin 1-3 kýn, al eresekterge bir aptalyq merzim jetkilikti.
Atalmysh әlipbiydi jazbalyq ýderiske salmas búryn mindetti týrde qazaq tilining elektrondyq dúrys jazu teksermesin (múnday elektrondyq programma barlyq shet tilderde bar) әzirlep, kompiuterge tegin engizudi qarastyru kerek. Sonday jaghdayda, әrbir sózdi tere bastaghan qoldanushy kompiuterding kómegimen basqy әripterdi tere bastaghanda, sózding dayyn ýlgisine tap bolady, sóitip, eshbir sóz qate terilmeytindey jәne ony tekseretindey elektrondyq mýmkindik bolmaq. Búl teksermeni jýzege asyru ýshin әueli әlgi әlipbiyge negizdelen qazaq tilindegi leksikalyq birlikterdi tolyghymen elektrondyq orfografiyalyq sózdikke ainaldyryp, dayyndau júmysyn atqaru qajet.
«Abay-aqparat»
