Úrpaq tәrbiyesi - qay zamannyn, qay qoghamnyng bolsyn eng ózekti mәselelerining biri. Bala tәrbiyesine enjar qaraghan ata-ana erten-aq san soghary sózsiz. Demek, aldynghy buyn ókilderining keyingi úrpaq qamyn oilap, aldyn ala josparly týrde balanyng densaulyghyna kónil bólip, bala tәrbiyesin býginnen bastap qolgha aluy kezek kýttirmes is boluy kerek.

Úrpaq tәrbiyesi - qay zamannyn, qay qoghamnyng bolsyn eng ózekti mәselelerining biri. Bala tәrbiyesine enjar qaraghan ata-ana erten-aq san soghary sózsiz. Demek, aldynghy buyn ókilderining keyingi úrpaq qamyn oilap, aldyn ala josparly týrde balanyng densaulyghyna kónil bólip, bala tәrbiyesin býginnen bastap qolgha aluy kezek kýttirmes is boluy kerek.

Tabighatta tirshilik atauly artynda úrpaq qaldyryp, óz ómirin úrpaq arqyly jalghastyrady. Onyng ishinde adam balasynyng keyingi óz úrpaghynyng bolashaghyna nemqúraydy qarap, taghdyrdyng tәlkegine qaldyrugha esh qúqy joq. Memleketimizding kýsh-quatynyng artyp, halqymyzdyng әl-auqatynyng jaqsaruy, mәdeniyetimizding ósip, dýnie jýzindegi elderding aldynghy sapynda jýruimiz ýshin de oghan deni sau, bilimdi jәne mәdeniyetti úrpaq kerek.
Osyghan baylanysty kónil audaratyn jayt - Bilim jәne ghylym ministri Baqytjan Júmaghúlov biylghy qyrkýiek aiynan bastap Qazaqstanda ZZ mektepting birinshi synyp baghdarlamasyna ýsh tilde oqytu jýiesi engiziletindigin mәlimdedi. Yaghny oqushylar endi qazaq, orys jәne aghylshyn tilin jeti jastan bastap oqidy. Sonday-aq ol 2020-jylgha qaray biologiya, himiya siyaqty negizgi pәnder aghylshyn tilinde oqytyla bastaytynyn shegelep aitty. Ministr myrzanyng sózine sensek, birinshi synyptan bastap ýsh tilde oqyghan bala jana zamannyng talabyna, súranysyna say bolmaq eken.
Esterinizde bolsa, ýsh tilde oqytu sayasaty osydan toghyz jyl búryn kóterilgen bolatyn.
Áriyne balanyng shet tilderin mengergeni dúrys. Jalpy, adam qansha tildi bilse de artyq bolmaydy. Biraq kez kelgen oqushy әueli ózining ana tilin tolyq mengerui tiyis. Ol pedagogikanyng ghana emes, sonymen qatar fiziologiyanyng da basty zandylyghy. Sebebi jana tughan nәreste miynyng salmaghy orta eseppen 370-390 gramm ghana bolady, bir jasqa tolghanda midyng salmaghy ýsh ese ósip, orta eseppen bir kilogha jetedi. Tek bes jastan asqannan keyin ghana balanyng miy tolyq jetilip, miynyng salmaghy da eresek adamdardyng miynday (orta eseppen 1300 grammday) bolady. Al biraq my qyrtystary neyrondarynyng (nerv kletkalarynyn) jetilip damuy, negizinen jeti jastan bastap jýre bastaydy (y.IY.Barashnev, 1971 j.). Sol sebepti deni sau balany jeti jastan bastap әr nәrsege ýiretip, bilim beruge bolady. Biraq múny birte-birte, miyna kóp salmaq týsirmey jýzege asyru kerek. Adamnyng miy anatomiyalyq jәne fiziologiyalyq qasiyetterine baylanysty negizinen bes bólikten túrady. My qyrtysynyng samay bóliginde tilge baylanysty óte manyzdy sensorlyq ortalyq (sensornyy sentr rechy Verniyke) bar. Ol ortalyq, onyng qasiyetin tynghylyqty tekserip, dәleldegen ghalymnyng atymen - Verniyke dep atalady. Búl ortalyqtyng adam jaryq dýniyening esigin ashqannan bastap, ósip-jetiluine tiygizetin qyzmeti óte zor. Ol ortalyq nәrestening estu qabileti men sózge ýirenu qabiletin (estigen sózderin úghynyp, eske saqtau) damytatyn ortalyq. Japon ghalymdary elektroensefalogrammalyq (EEG) tekseruler arqyly nәresteler tughannan keyingi ýshinshi kýnnen bastap anasynyng dausyn basqa dauystardan ajyrata alatyndyqtaryn jәne anasynyng dausyn estigende quanyp, emirenip, emshek emuge dayarlana bastaytyndyghyn dәleldedi. Sondyqtan kez kelgen ana balasyn óz tilinde erkeletip, sóilep otyryp, emirenip emshegin emizgeni jón. Sonda nәrestening Verniyke ortalyghy damyp, birte-birte anasynyng sózin eske saqtap, aitqan sózderdi týsine bastaydy jәne sóz qoryn jinaqtaydy. Sol sebepti, aqyl-esi dúrys damyghan, 5-6 ailyq shaqalaq aitqangha týsinip, sóiley almasa da, aitqan búiryqty orynday bastaydy. Osyny bilgen bizding ata-babalarymyz besik jyryn tekten-tekke aitpasa kerek! Sol besik jyrlarynyng arqasynda qazaqtyng әigili Qúrmanghazy, Tәttimbet, Dina apamyz siyaqty daryndy kýishileri (arnayy muzykalyq bilimsiz-aq) dýniyege kelgen!
Endi 6-7 ailyq bala ýlkenderding auzyna qarap (bet-әlpetining qimylyn baqylap), birte-birte sóileuge әreket jasaydy. Ol ýshin tildi qimylgha keltiretin artikulyasiyalyq apparattaryn iske qosuy kerek. Olardy iske qosatyn ortalyq my qyrtystarynyng sheke bóliginde ornalasqan jәne sol ortalyqtyng qyzmetin dәleldegen ghalymnyng atymen - Brok ortalyghy (dvigatelinyy sentr rechy Broka) dep atalady. Osy ortalyqtyng kómegimen bala sóiley bastaydy. Áueli bir-eki buyndy sózderdi aityp, birte-birte sóz baylyqtaryn kóbeyte bastaydy...
Osy eki ortalyqtyng bir-birimen sәikes júmys atqaruynyng arqasynda ghana balanyng sana-sezimi damyp, dúrys qarym-qatynasqa týsip, sóiley bastaydy. Balanyng sana-sezimi dúrys damuy ýshin balanyng ata-anasy balagha bir tilde, negizinen ana tilinde sóileui qajet. Sonda ghana balanyng miy, әsirese tildi damytu ortalyqtary (Broka jәne Verniyke) dúrys júmys isteydi. Qazirgi qala balalary, men oryssha-qazaqsha aralastyryp sóileytin otbasylar sәbiylerding tilderi kesh shyghyp, nashar sóileytindigi de osyghan baylanysty. Sebebi balanyng sensorly ortalyghy (Verniyke sentri) eki tildegi sóz qoryn este saqtap, jinaqtaghanda orysshasy qaysy, qazaqshasy qaysy ekenin ajyrata almay, qatty qinalady. Sol sebepti de maman logopedter balamen onyng miy әbden jetilip, damyghansha óz ana tilinde ghana sóileuge kenes beredi. Sondyqtan da, әdette jaqsy sóiley almaytyn býldirshinder balabaqshagha barghanda ózi qatarly balalardyng sóilegenin estip, miynda qorytyp, tez jetilip, jaqsy sóilep ketedi. Osyghan baylanysty kóp balaly ýiding de balalary, jalghyz balasy bar ýige qaraghanda, tez jәne jaqsy sóileydi.
Osy neyrofiziologiyalyq zandylyqty biletin әri eskerilgen órkeniyetti elderde ana tilinen basqa tildi balanyng my qyrtystarynyng kletkalary damyp, sana-sezimi әbden jetilgende ghana ýirete bastaydy. Mysaly: Japoniyada bala 12 jasqa deyin tek qana ózining ana tilinde bilim-tәrbie alady jәne ózining ana tilining qúdiretin boyyna siniredi. 12 jasqa tolghannan keyin ghana basqa tildi mengeruge rúqsat alady.
Nege jeti jastan bastap basqa tilderdi oqytugha bolmaydy?
Birinshi synypqa baryp alghash ret partagha otyrghan balagha ana tilindegi әlippeni iygeruding ózi onaygha soqpaydy. Kez kelgen jogharghy bilimi bar pedagog-psiholog jaqsy biledi. Bilikti ata-analar balasy 1-synypqa baratyn bolsa, әdette, júmysynan bir aigha demalys alyp, jas jetkinshekti әlippeni ejelep oqugha, jazugha dayyndaydy, kýndelikti sabaqtan ýige kelgen song onymen birge partagha otyryp, tynghylyqty ýiretip, daghdylandyrady. Pedagogikanyng tilimen aitqanda, jas jetkinshekting shartty refleksin qalyptastyrady.Osylaysha bala anasynyng jәne pedagog-múghalimning arqasynda birte-birte әlippeni oqugha ýirene bastaydy. Onyng ózi, búghan deyin eshteneni oilamay emin-erkin jýrgen oiyn balasyna onaygha soqpaydy.
Al endi osy balagha qosymsha basqa tildi ýiretuge әreket jasau balanyng miyna qosymsha kýsh týsirip, balanyng oiyn oirandap, nevroz nemese psihonevroz auruyna shaldyqtyrady. Sebebi bir әribi birneshe dybysty beretin aghylshynnyng әlipbii oiyn balasyna onay soqpaydy... Odaq kezindegidey qazir balalardyng barlyghy balabaqshagha baryp, mektep aldy dayyndyqtan da ótpeydi. Sonymen qatar qazirgi mektepterding oqu josparlary da qiyndap ketken. Ony da eskergen jón.
Esterinizde bolsa, ótken ghasyrdyng 80-jyldary býkil Odaq boyynsha mektepke 6 jastan baratyn bolyp, 4-5 jylday balalardy sol ýrdiste oqyta bastap, keyin qaytadan jeti jastan oqytatyn bolghanbyz. Nege? Sebebi sol jyldary psihonevrozgha shaldyqqan balalar odaq boyynsha kýrt kóbeyip, pediatrlar men nevropatologtar shu kóterip, әreng qoydyrghan. Sony da úmytpaghanymyz jón!
Jastar arasynda onsyz da jýike derti jyldan-jylgha kóbeyip bara jatqany belgili. Oghan dәlel - «óz-ózine qol júmsap», asylyp ólip jatqan jas jetkinshekterding jyl sanap kóbeyip bara jatqany.
Qalay desek te, 1-synypqa kelgen jas býldirshin ana tilinde ghana bilim alugha tiyisti. Óitkeni búl - tabighy zandylyq. Til zandylyghy jәne neyrofiziologiyanyng zandylyghy!
Biz osy mәngilik pedagogikalyq zan­dy­lyq­ty nege arzan sayasatqa aiyrbastauymyz kerek?

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