Alghashqy Balyq ónerkәsibi Halyq Komissary - Shayhy Ábishev 

Ár qogham adamyn zamanynan, ol enbek etip, ómir sýrgen uaqyttan bólip qaraugha bolmaydy. Sonday abzal da, enseli azamattarymyzdyng biri – Qazaq KSR Balyq ónerkәsibi Halyq Komissary Shayhy Ábishev.

Onyng qaynaghan qazanday qyzu ómiri jemisti de jetistike toly ótti dep senimmen aitugha bolady. Sanaly ómirining basym bóligi Qazaqstan kóleminde jauapty, lauazymdy, basshylyq qyzmetterde ótip, úzaq jyldar boyy elimizding balyq ónerkәsibi sharuashylyghynda enbek etip, artyna óshpes әri ónegeli iz qaldyrghan túlgha. Halqynyn, ainalasyndaghy adamdardyn, jora-joldastarynyn, aghayyn-tughannyng syi-qúrmetine bólendi. Jastayynan bastan keshken auyr beynet, soghys jyldaryndaghy el qayghysy Shayhy Ábishevti ýnemi jigerlendirip, halyq mýddesi jolynda enbek etuge tәrbiyelegeni sózsiz.

Halyqtyng kónilin taba basqaryp, ózine jýktelgen mindet pen sharuany tiyisti dәrejede biyikterge kóterip otyrugha zor úiymdastyrushylyq jәne biliktilik pen bilgirlik asa qajet. Al, múnday qasiyet pen qabilet-qarym adamnyng boyyna ómirden kóre, kónilge týie jýrip, ýirene qalyptasady. Qanday basshylyq qyzmet istese de qarapayym halyq Shayhy Ábishúlynyng iskerlik qabiletine tәnti bolyp, tanydy. Sol kezenderde halyq sharuashylyghyn basqaru qiyn jaghdaylarda jýrgizilgeni belgili. Barsha halyqtyng basyna týsken asa auyr qiynshylyqtan keyin jónge salu, memleket pen partiya talabyna say is jýrgizu qiynnyn-qiyny edi. Sonday auyrtpalyqty qinalmay kótere bilgen atpal azamattardyng biri – Shayhy Ábishev bolatyn.

Arhiv qorlaryndaghy 1952 jyldyng 2 aqpan kýni óz qolymen toltyrghan avtobiografiyasyna nazar audarayyq (Atyrau oblysy memlekettik arhiyvi (AOMA), 193 qor, 1tizim,72-is, 6p). Shayhy Ábishev 1894 jyly qyrkýiek aiynda qazirgi Atyrau oblysy (búrynghy Guriev), Qúrmanghazy audany (búrynghy Teniz),   Maqash auylynda (búrynghy Morskoy) qarapayym balyqshy otbasynda dýniyege kelgen. 1913-1919 jyldar aralyghynda kózin ashqaly kórgen balyq aulaumen ainalysa bastady. 1919 jyly Teniz okrugi aq gvardiyashylardan birjolata tazartylghannnan keyin, ol sharuashylyq júmystaryna belsene aralasady.  Sol jyly janadan shanyraq kótergen  Volga-Kaspiy memlekettik balyq trest mekemesine júmysqa ornalasady. Búl mekemede 1926 jylgha deyin navodchik jәne núsqaushy bolyp júmys jasady. 1927 jyly nauqastyghyna baylanysty uaqytsha júmystan qol ýzedi. 1928 jyly Morskoy auylynda qúrylghan túnghysh «Tónkeris» újymsharyn úiymdastyrushylar sapynda bolady.

1930 jyly qantarda ótken Býkilodaqtyq újymshar mýshelerining birinshi kenesinde, újymshar qúrylysyndaghy balyq kәsipshilikterining kooperasiyagha biriguining manyzy zor ekendigi atalyp ótti. Osy kenesting sheshimderine sәikes kóptegen balyq kәsipshilikteri úiymdyq kәsiporyndargha birikti. Mysaly, «Krasnyy Kaspiy» (Ganushkino (qazirgi Qúrmanghazy) selosy), «Krasnyy Ural» (qala boyynsha), «Krasnoe Znamya» (Zelenyy (qazirgi Kóktoghay) selosy), «Svobodnyy trud» (Redut (qazirgi Aqqayyn) selosy) siyaqty balyqshy újymsharlary qúryldy.

Balyq kәsiporyndaryn qúru jolynda enbektene jýrip Ábish Shayhyúly 1931 jyly partiya qataryna ótedi. 1931-1938 jyldary Jayyq-Kaspiy memlekettik balyq aulau tresining jýzbeli zauyttarynda diyrektordyng orynbasary, keyin Jylyoydaghy № 7 jýzbeli (Shalandy) zauytta diyrektor bolyp, ólkedegi balyq óndirisining damuyna óz ýlesin qosty. 1932 jyldyng mausym-jeltoqsan ailary aralyqtarynda Guriev qalasyndaghy әkimshilik-sharuashylyq kursynda oqydy.

KSRO Tamaq ónerkәsibi Halyq Komissary A.Mikoyannyng 1935 jyldyng 9 qyrkýiektegi № 1626 búiryghymen Jayyq-Kaspiy memlekettik balyq aulau tresining balyqshylaryn I-shi jarty jyldyqqa josparlanghan balyq aulau josparyn asyra oryndaghany ýshin Sh.Ábishev (№ 7 jýzbeli zauyty), Bayterekov (Shortanbay balyq zauyty), Glebov («Krasnorybnyi» kombinaty), G.I. Hazanov (Flot basqarmasy), Kiyselevtardy (Trest basqarmasynyng orynbasary) anshylyq myltyq  jәne ailyq kólemindegi aqshalay syilyqpen marapattaghan. Trest mengerushisi Evdokimovtyng 1938 jyldyng 22 jeltoqsandaghy búiryghymen Shayhy Ábishev «Qazbalyq» tresi mengerushisining orynbasary qyzmetine taghayyndalady. Ol osy qyzmette jýrip Guriev, Manghystau boyy, Bautino balyq aulau bazasy, Qazaqstan jәne Ázirbayjan balyqshylary arasyndaghy iskerlik әriptestik baylanys, óndiristik bazany nyghaytu, mamandardyng ózara tәjiriybe almasu, mamandyq jetildiruine erekshe kónil bóldi.

1938 jyly elimizde jýrgizilgen alghashqy saylauda Sh. Ábishev Qazaq KSR-y Joghary Kenesine deputattyqqa kandidat bolyp úsynylady.  Ol Guriev oblysynyng Jylyoy audanyndaghy № 1,7 balyq zauyttarynyn, «Embagidrostroy» júmysshylary men qyzmetkerleri, Jylyoy audandyq partiya jәne atqaru komiyteti, Qazaq KSR Ishki ister Halyq Komissariatynyng audandyq bólimi, balyq-kooperatiyvining qyzmetkerleri jәne «Jana túrmys», «Qyzyl tu», «Qyzyl qala», «Krasnaya Emba», «Krasnyy Kaspiy», «Birlik», «Aqkiyiztoghay», «Qarasu», «Qarasha», «Qazaqstan», «Birlik tany», «Qúmtoghay», «Aratóbe», «Algha», «Keberkól», «Jana jol», «Qyzylshaly», «Staliyn», «Isaev», «Amangeldi» atyndaghy újymsharlarynyng jalpy jinalysynda kandidat bolyp edi. Aqyry Qazaq KSR Joghary Kenesine Guriev oblysynyng №157 Jylyoy saylau okrugi boyynsha deputat bolyp saylandy (Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ortalyq memlekettik arhiyvi (QR OMA),  1109 qor, 5 tizim, 11-is; 1109 qor, 5 tizbe, 21-is, 57 artqy p; 64 p). 1939 jyly Moskva balyq ónerkәsibi instituty janyndaghy qysqa kursyn bitiredi.

1939 jyldyng nauryz aiynan 1941 jyldyng 1 qyrkýiegine deyin Qazaq KSR Balyq ónerkәsibi Halyq Komissary qyzmetinde boldy. Ol respublikada balyq ónerkәsibin jeke sala retinde damytudyng alghashqy izashar basshysy boldy.

1941 jyldyng 11 qyrkýiekte  Guriev oblysy komiytetining hatshysy Bekjanovtyng partiyanyng Ortalyq komiytetine úsynysymen  Sh.Ábishev  Guriev motorly balyq stansiyasynyng diyrektorlyghyna bekitildi. Úly Otan soghysy jyldarynda tyl enbekkerleri Sh.Ábishevting basshylyghymen balyq sharuashylyghyn nyghaytu, Qyzyl Armiyany, elimizdi sapaly da qúnarly balyq ónimderimen qamtamasyz etude janqiyarlyqpen enbek etti. Jayyq-Kaspiy alabynyng balyqshylary sol bir qaharly jyldarda da janqiyarlyqpen júmys jasady. Újymshar balyqshylary belgilengen jospardy jyl sayyn artyghymen oryndap, olar maydangha 30-40 myng sentner balyq aulap tapsyryp, Otan Qorghanys Komiytetining auyspaly Qyzyl Tuyn jenip aldy. Soghys jyldarynda ólkemizding balyqshylary este qalarlyqtay erlik enbekting ýlgisin kórsetti. Búl jyldary balyqshylar arasynda kóptegen tәjiriybeli úiymdastyrushy kadrlar ósip jetildi. Mysaly, Sh.Ábishev, T.Eruhanov, S.Qosybaev, I.Ya.Seplyaev, H.Ótegenov, K.Esjanov,  A.Áshimov, Q.Júmaqanov, E.Jazyqbaev, F,Filippov t.b. kadrlar ólkege belgili boldy.

Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq komiytetining birinshi hatshysy N.A.Skvorsov jәne Halyq Komissarlar Kenesining tóraghasy N.Ondasynovqa Sh. Ábishev 1942 jyly 3 qazanda raport jazghan. Osy raportynda «Guriev motorly-balyq stansiyasy újymy balyq aulaudyng jyldyq josparynda kórsetilgen 104,7 payyzdy, III toqsanda 208,5 payyzgha  artyghymen oryndady. Úly Oktyabri merekesining 25 jyldyghyna újym mýsheleri jospardan tys 5 myng sentner balyq aulaudy mindetine aldy», - dep jazdy.

Soghystan keyingi jyldary balyq ónerkәsibin odan әr damytu baghytynda Qazaq ýkimeti «Balyq ónerkәsibin damytu sharalary turaly» qaulysyn qabyldady. Qaulyny oryndau ýshin balyq sharuashylyghy salasyna bilikti basshylar asa qajet boldy. Osyghan oray 1945 jyldyng 24 qyrkýieginde Jayyq-Kaspiy memlekettik balyq tresining mengerushisi Rotani Sh.Ábishevke bergen minezdemesinde «j. Sh.Ábishev  óndiristik sharuashylyqty praktik retinde jetik mengergen. Úiymdastyrushylyq qabileti joghary. Basshylyq qyzmetterdi atqarghan. Ózine berilgen tapsyrmalardy asa múqiyat jәne merziminde oryndaytyn sharuashylyq mamany. Qazirgi uaqytta Baqsay balyq-motorly zauytynyng diyrektory qyzmetin atqaruda jәne óz qyzmetine layyqty», - dep joghary baghalaydy (Atyrau oblysy memlekettik arhiyvi, 193 qor, 1tizim,72-is 16 p).

Ómir tәjiriybesi mol, kórgeni men týigeni kóp, ózen-kól, teniz tabighaty, balyq tirshiligin óte jetik biletin balyq ónerkәsibining maytalman mamanyn 1946 jyly Qaraghandy oblysyndaghy Balqash memlekettik balyq tresi mengerushiligine taghayyndaydy. Respublikanyng ishki su qoymalaryndaghy balyq aulau josparyn asyra oryndaghany ýshin Qazaqstan Kompartiyasy Ortalyq komiytetining hatshysy J.Shayahmetovtyng Balqash memlekettik balyq tresi mengerushisi Sh.Ábishevke qúttyqtau telegrammasyn jiberui, onyng enbegin joghary baghalaghandyghy dep týsinuge bolady. Búl qyzmetti abyroymen atqaryp, 1948 jyldyng nauryzynda Baqsay balyq-motorly zauytynyng diyrektorlyghyna taghayyndalady. Sharuashylyq qyzmetinde jýrse de respublikanyng partiyalyq-memlekettik baqylau organdarynyng júmysyna belsendi qatynasty. Moskvadaghy ortalyq syrttay oqu balyq ónerkәsibi institutynyng diyrektory P.Jernenkonyn  1951 jyly 17 aqpandaghy Sh.Ábishevke jibergen qatynas qaghazynan payymdaytynymyz. Onyng Moskvadaghy ortalyq syrttay oqu balyq ónerkәsibi institutynyng injener-tehnik qyzmetkerlerining bilim jetildiru fakulitetinde injener-úiymdastyrushy mamandyghy boyynsha bilim alghandyghy  (Atyrau oblysy memlekettik arhiyvi, 193 qor, 1tizim,72-is 34 p).

Jasy alpystan asqanda  Aral memlekettik balyq aulau tresinindegi basshylyq qyzmetin tapsyryp, tughan jerine oraldy. Oghan respublikalyq dәrejedegi derbes zeynetaqy taghayyndaldy. Eline sinirgen eleuli enbegi ýshin ýkimet tarapynan Shayhy Ábishúly 1954 jyly Lenin ordenimen marapattalady. Qazaq KSR-i Joghary Kenesining Qúrmet gramotasy berildi. Qazaqstandaghy balyq ónerkәsibining maytalmany Shayhy Ábishev 1969 jyly  Kudryashov auylynda qaytys boldy. Memleket, qogham qayratkeri Sh.Ábishevting qaytys boluyna oray Qazaq KSR Balyq sharuashylyghy ministrligi jibergen kónil aitu jedel hatynda Qazaqstannyng balyq ónerkәsibining bastaularynda túrghan talantty úiymdastyrushy,  úlaghatty basshy, enbek ardagerining elimizding әleumettik-ekonomikalyq damuyna qosqan zor ýlesin erekshe atap ótedi.

Kózkórgender qogham jәne memleket qayratkeri Sh.Ábishevtyng ómirde kirshiksiz tazalyghyn, qara basynyng qamyn qogham mýddesinen biyik qoymaytyn, ómirde meylinshe qarapayym bolghanyn asqan rizashylyqpen eske alady. Mysaly, 1960 jyldary Teniz audany enbekshiler deputattary Kenesi atqaru komiytetining tórayymy bolghan, Atyrau qalasynyng Qúrmetti azamaty M.Sabyrova «Shayhy aghanyng Kudryashev selolyq kenesinde aqshasyz, púlsyz shtattan tys tóragha bolyp, auyldastarynyng mәselelerin sheshude sol tóraghanyng ózinen de bedeldirek ekendigi jayly alyp-qashpa әngime oralyp, onyng ýstine songhy 5-6 ay boyy Kenes tóraghasynyng auyryp qalghandyghy, barlyq júmysty Shayhy aghanyng atqaryp jýrgendigin qaperge salyp, «Agha, sizding songhy bes-alty aidaghy enbeginizge jalaqy tólegeli otyrmyz» degenim ghoy... qariya shoshyp ketti.

- Jo... jo... joq, men zeynetkermin. Ózime jetetin tiyn-tebenim bar. Al mening jasaghan kómegim jayly aitsaq, kez-kelgen arly azamattyng qoghamgha paydaly enbek etui – abyroyly borysh. Oghan qarajat súrau – qanaghatsyzdyq, ashkózdik, - dep birdeneni býldirip alghan kisishe tezirek ketuge asyqty».

- Agha, ol bәri de zandy, esh oghashtyghy joq nәrse ghoy...

- Jo... jo... joq, onday әngimeni qozghap neghylasyn, keregi joq», menimen qoshtasty da bólmeden shyghyp ketti. Men tandanghan kýii otyryp qaldym» - deydi.

Búrynghy újymshar basqarmasynyng tóraghasy, enbek ardageri P.Sutyrin «Mening Shayhy Ábishúlymen alghash tanysuym 1962 jyldan bastalady. Men újymshargha tóragha bolyp saylandym. Eshkimdi tanymaymyn. ...Selo shetindegi shaghyn ghana toqal tamnan shyghatyn eresek qariyanyng kýnbe-kýn erteletip, әr ýige soghyp, sodan song selolyq kenes kensesine qaray ketip bara jatqanyn kóretin edim. Shyny aitsam, meni qyzyqtyrghany – onyng qyzmet jasyndaghy adamdardan kәdimgidey eresektigi,  bolmasa qyzmetke erte kelip, kesh qaytatyndyghy da emes. Ol kisining elden erek iri dene bitimi, jasy kelse de esh enkendi bilmey, qashanda tip-tik, arshyndap keng adymdap jýrui edi. Áuelgide kәdimgidey tandandym. Sodan song búl alyptyng aty kim, ne isteydi degen oy keldi. Bireuler búl kisining bir kezderi Qazaq Respublikasynyng alghashqy Balyq ónerkәsibi ministri (halyq Komissary) ekenin aitty. Áriyne, ministr, onyng ýstine alghashqy degesin qyzyghushylyq tanytasyng ghoy. Aqyry jaqyndasu, bilisuding reti keldi. Teginde múnday adamdy ómirinizde kórdiniz be, әy qaydam?! Jәne ol kisining qyzmeti qanday deysiz ghoy, anau-mynau emes, selolyq Kenesting shtattan tys tóraghasy. Tóraghasy bar, biraq onyng negizgi júmystaryn osy kisi atqarady, tipti keyde Kenes sessiyalaryn da  búl kisi ótkize beredi. Áytse de, ol keybireulerdey basshylyq biyligine aralasyp, ózining bir kezdegi Balyq ónerkәsibi ministri, ishki sular motorly-balyq stansylary basshysy bolghandyghy biyligin paydalanbaydy. Dauys kóterip, daulasyp ta jatpaydy. Barynsha qarapayym, kópti kórgen, isti biletin jan retinde qozghalatyn taqyryp boyynsha sóz qozghap, mәseleni mәnispen sheshetin. Soghan say sheshim de dúrys, qaulysy da qalypty bolatyn. Ol ylghy da ózi ómir sýrip, túryp jatqan auyldyng gýldenui, azamattarynyng óz isterine adal jәne memleket algha qoyghan mindetterdi qaytkende de oryndaytyn jandar boluyn qalaytyn, sol ýshin júmys istedi. Jarghaq qúlaghy jastyqqa tiymey erteng erte júmys uaqyty bastalghangha deyin kýn kórisi tómen, asyraushysy joq jandardyng ýilerine kirip, jaghdaylaryn biletin. Otyn-suy bar ma, aula-qorasy taza ma? Balalary ne otaghasy soghysqa ketip, qu tizesin qúshaqtap qalghan auruly, әbden qartayghan keyuanalarmen syrlasatyn, solargha kómek bergenshe asyghatyn. Aulasynda qúsy, birer-jar maly bar qariyalargha jemshóp jetkizu, qúrama jem, ózderine astyq, seker-shay alugha qol úshyn beretin. Mine, men biletin alghashqy balyq ónerkәsibi ministri Ábish Shayhúly osynday edi...».

Atqarghan isteri, qaldyrghan izderi mәngilik tariyhqa jazylghan ardaqty azamattar el tarihynda óz oryndaryn alatyndyghy sózsiz.

Aqqaly Ahmet,

H.Dosmúhamedov atyndaghy Atyrau  uniyversiyteti,
tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, qauymdastyrylghan professor

Abai.kz