NEMESE TÁUELSIZDIK ÝShIN KÝRESKENDERGE QARSY ShABUYL QAYTA BASTALGhANY MA?

Patshalyq jәne kenestik Resey kezinde qa­zaqtyng atyna, últ-azattyq kóterilisi jetekshi­lerining atyna neler sózder aitylmady. Qazaqty "dala taghylary", "topas", "nadan", "jaghympaz", "jabayylar", "beysharalar" dese, Kenesarygha "dala qaraqshysy", "baskeser", "bý­likshi" degen aidar taqty. Osylardy estigende kókiregimiz qars aiyrylatyn. Búl, әriyne, bas­qa zaman edi...

Al "Mysli" (búrynghy "Kommunist") jurnalynyng biylghy jyldyng mausym, shilde ailaryndaghy sanynda jaryq kórgen Baqytjan Áuelbekov degenning "Qazaqstandy otarlau jәne Kenesary Qasymov kóterilisi" atty maqalasy tura solardy eske týsiredi. Men basynda maqala avtoryn Resey derjavasynyng soyylyn soghyp jýrgen Resey azamattarynyng biri me dep qaldym. Sóitsem, ol Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng azamaty, jogharyda atalghan jurnaldyng redaksiya alqasynyng mýshesi eken.

Avtor maqalasyn "Qazaqstanda orys otarshylyghy degen eshqashan bolmaghan, tipten boluy mýmkin emes, sonda bolmaghan otarshylyqpen Kenesary qalay kýresip jýr? Biraq, ókinishke qaray tarihshylar oghan Qazaqstan tarihynan oryn berip qoy­ghan. Býgingi kýnning talabymen qaraghanda, búl - bastan-ayaq ótirik", - dep bastaydy.

NEMESE TÁUELSIZDIK ÝShIN KÝRESKENDERGE QARSY ShABUYL QAYTA BASTALGhANY MA?

Patshalyq jәne kenestik Resey kezinde qa­zaqtyng atyna, últ-azattyq kóterilisi jetekshi­lerining atyna neler sózder aitylmady. Qazaqty "dala taghylary", "topas", "nadan", "jaghympaz", "jabayylar", "beysharalar" dese, Kenesarygha "dala qaraqshysy", "baskeser", "bý­likshi" degen aidar taqty. Osylardy estigende kókiregimiz qars aiyrylatyn. Búl, әriyne, bas­qa zaman edi...

Al "Mysli" (búrynghy "Kommunist") jurnalynyng biylghy jyldyng mausym, shilde ailaryndaghy sanynda jaryq kórgen Baqytjan Áuelbekov degenning "Qazaqstandy otarlau jәne Kenesary Qasymov kóterilisi" atty maqalasy tura solardy eske týsiredi. Men basynda maqala avtoryn Resey derjavasynyng soyylyn soghyp jýrgen Resey azamattarynyng biri me dep qaldym. Sóitsem, ol Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng azamaty, jogharyda atalghan jurnaldyng redaksiya alqasynyng mýshesi eken.

Avtor maqalasyn "Qazaqstanda orys otarshylyghy degen eshqashan bolmaghan, tipten boluy mýmkin emes, sonda bolmaghan otarshylyqpen Kenesary qalay kýresip jýr? Biraq, ókinishke qaray tarihshylar oghan Qazaqstan tarihynan oryn berip qoy­ghan. Býgingi kýnning talabymen qaraghanda, búl - bastan-ayaq ótirik", - dep bastaydy.

IYә, Qazaqstan qazirgi kýni Resey derjavasynyng otarlau sayasatynyng nysanasynda túrghan el ekeni ras. Búl turaly reseylik keybir әperbaqan sayasatkerler men publisister ashyqtan-ashyq aityp ta, jazyp ta jýr. Reseyding búl sayasatyna bizding biylik te ketәri emes. Biraq, әzirge búl saya­sattyng iske asuyna tosqa­uyl bolyp túrghan eki kýsh bar. Birinshisi - qazaq halqynyng tәuelsizdigi ýshin kýres tarihy, ekinshisi - býgingi últjandy qazaqtardyng janayqayy. Biraq, ekin­shisining biylikting aldynda dәrmeni joq, aitady da qoyady, aiqaylaydy da tynady. Al qazaq tarihynan Isatay Taymanov, Syrym Datov, Abylay han, Kenesary Qasymúlynyng atyn alyp tas­tau onay sharua emes. Reseyding soyylyn soghushylar endigi jerde osy mәselemen ainalysa bastaghan siyaqty. Áytpese, qazaq balasynyng ata-babalardyng aruaghymen alysqanyn kim kórgen?!

Qazaqtyng últ-azattyq qozghalysy, onyng ishinde Kenesary kóte­rilisi - birshama tәuir, jýieli zerttelgen taqyryptardyng biri. Kenesary Qasymúly jayly talay en­bek jazyldy, ondaghan diys­­sertasiya qorghaldy. Resey­ding әskery múraghatynda jýzdegen, myndaghan materialdar bar. Olardyng kóp­shiligi ghylymy ainalymgha endi. Múhtar Áuezov Kene han turaly piesa, Iliyas Esenberlin roman jazdy, derekti filimder týsirildi. Kenesary jәne ol bastaghan kóterilis turaly tek qazaq, orystar ghana emes, "Re­seydi 10 jyl soghys jaghda­yynda ústaghan dala qaharmany" retinde Batys júrty da biledi. Kenesarygha qarsy attanghan orystyng keybir ofiyserlerining ózi keyin Kenesaryny zertteushiler bolyp ketti. Osylardyng bәri Kenesary turaly býgingi bizden kem bildi, kem oilady deysiz be?!

Osylardyng ishinen avtor­dyng kóz qiyghyna ilikkeni N.A.Kenesarinanyng "O deyatelinosty Kenesary hana po sarskim dokumentam" (Almaty, 2001), orys jazushysy V.G.Korolenkonyng shygharmalar jinaghy jәne K.K.Abuev­ting Abylay han turaly jaz­ghan birer enbegi ghana eken. Avtor atalghan enbekterdi zertteu, bilu, oy týy túrghysynan emes, ýzip-júlyp, tek kontrargument retinde ghana qoldanghan.

Biz búl maqalamyzda avtordyng jazghan әrbir sóile­min taldap jatpaymyz, tek qazaqtyng últ mýddesine qatysty keybir tústaryna ghana toqtalyp ótemiz. Óit­keni maqala orasan zor ghylymy taldaudy qajet etpeydi jәne keltir­gen dәlel, uәji - osal, oiy -  jýiesiz. Maqalanyng algha qoyghan basty maqsaty - HIH ghasyrdyng birinshi jartysyndaghy qa­zaqtyng songhy hany Kenesary Qasymúly bastaghan últ-azattyq kóterilisi tarihyn joqqa shygharu. Avtor algha qoyghan maqsatyn oryndau jolynda qazaqtyng ar-namysyna tiyip, halyqtyng tarihyna qiyanat jasaghan.

N.A.Kenesarinanyng "Orystar qazaq jeri arqyly Shyghys elde­rine ótetin sauda jolyn ashty" degen sózi avtordyng shamyna qatty tiyse kerek. "Reseyding sauda keruen­deri búl dalada qazaq degen halyq atymen joq kezde jýzdegen, myndaghan jyl búryn jýretin bolghan" dep bilgirsiydi. Qaraghym-au, múnday sózdi aitu ýshin sәl oilansang netti, tipten tariyhqa tereng boylay almasang da, tarihty biletin orystardyng ózinen súrap bilip almadyng ba? Al bilmeydi ekensin, bilip al. Orystar 1483 jyly Oral tauynan beri alghash attap basqangha deyin orystarda Sibir turaly sóz de, týsinik te bolmaghan. Oghan deyin búl ólkeni samoedter men týrki-qyp­shaq, tungustar mekendegen. "Si­bir" úghymy avstriyalyq elshi, baron S.Gerbershteynning 1549 jyly jaryq kórgen "Moskva turaly belgileuler" atty enbeginde alghash ghylymy ainalymgha engen. "Sibir" atauy - ormandy, nuly, suly jer de­gen tungus sózi. "Siber - jauyndy ólke" degen sóz qazaqta da bar.

Orystar HVI ghasyrdan bastap Sibirge kelgende múnda Taybúgha úrpaqtary qúrghan "Týmen handyghy" túrghan. Taybúghanyng ata-babasy kereit Uang hannyng inisi Jaqaqamby. Sóitken kereyler býgingi qazaqtyng bir tobyn qúrap otyr.

HIII-HV ghgh. Euraziya dalasy (orys­tar HVI gh. bastap "Altyn Orda" dep ataghan) Joshy úlysy derjavasy biyliginde boldy. Derjavany biylegen 38 hannyng kópshiligi әldeqashan qazaq bolyp ketken Orys han, Toqtamys hannyng úrpaqtary. Ol kezde reseylikter Altyn Ordany biylegeni bylay túrsyn, Orda handarynyng qolyna su qúnggha jaramaytyn. Qara teniz, Edil, Jayyqtan Qytay, Ýndistangha deyingi sauda keruenining tizginin qypshaq-qazaq, noghay, tatar saudagerleri ústaghan.

Altyn Ordany qúrtu arqyly orystardyng baghyn maurennahrlyq Ámir Temir ashty. Búl - 1395 jyl. Sonyng ózinde orystar Orda biyliginen 1480 jylghy 11 qarashada әzer bosaghan. Búl kezde Qazaq handyghy әldeqashan (1465/1466) qúrylyp qoyghan bolatyn. Orystyng alghashqy últtyq memleketi - Mәskeulik Rusi Qazaq handyghynan 36 jyldan song qúryldy. Al avtordyng "Múnda (Qazaqstan territoriyasyn aityp otyr - Z.Q.) myng jyl búryn orystar túrghan" degeni qay sandyraghy? Sonau Saq-Ýisin dәuirinen (b.z.d VII gh.) beri búl dalada qazaq atymen bolmasa da keyin qazaq etnotobyn qúraghan týrki taypalary mekendegen. Monghol, Jonghar shapqynshylyghyn aitpaghanda, Orys otarlaghangha deyin búl dalany qazaqtan ózge eshkim iyelenip kórgen emes. Dalanyng býgingi aqy iyesi - qazaq.

Avtordyng óz ata-babasynyng tabanymen shoq basyp jýrip qor­ghaghan jerin HV-HVI gh.gh. deyin Novgorod, Mәskeuden beri asyp kórmegen varyagtargha teligendegi maqsaty ne? Resey derjavasy búl beysharanyng kómegine zәru emes ekenin nege týsinbeydi?

Reseyding sauda keruenderining qazaq jerine kelui alghash Tәuekel han (1583-98), Haqnazar hannyng (1537-81) túsynda bastaldy. Qazaq jerin otarlau, kýsh kórsetu, qazaq elshilerin tútqyndau, han taghyna múrager súltandardy (Oraz-Mú­hammed) ústap әketu siyaqty ozbyrlyq, N.A.Kenesarina dúrys kórsetip otyrghanday, orystyng sauda keruenderi kele bastaghan kezden bastaldy emes pe! Kózge úryp túrghan shyndyqty nesine búrmalaysyn?

Avtor shimirikpesten "Kenesarynyng túsynda orystar qúr­ghan garnizon, bekinisterdi aitpaghanda qazaq jerinde qazaqtardy qanaytyn orys bolghan joq" deydi (69-bet.) Sonda qazaq dalasynda salynghan orystyng әskery garnizon, bekinisterin qazaqtar salyp, qazaq qorghap túrghan ba? Ol ýshin әueli garnizon, qamal degenning ne ekenin bilip alu kerek edi ghoy. Garnizon degenimiz - qamal, qala, taghy basqaday nysanaly mekenderdi kýzetu ýshin jasaqtalghan әskery top. Bir garnizonda qarulanghan 1000-1500 әskeriyler túrghan. Sonda Or, Oraldan - Ertis, Jetisudan - Syr boyyna deyingi 30-gha juyq әskery bekinis, qamal-qorghandarda, beketterde, postylarda qansha әsker bolghanyn eseptey ber.

Halyqty halyq jaulap alyp, halyqty halyq qanamaydy. Qazaq jerin jaulap alghan - Resey patshasy men әskeriyleri. Jәne ol sanynyng azdyghyna qaramaydy, sayman jәne soghys taktikasynyng quattylyghymen esepteledi. Qytay halqynyng 7 payyzyna jetpeytin shýrshitter HVII ghasyr basynda Qytaydy jaulap alyp 365 jyl, Joshy han ózining enshisine tiygen 4 myng adam jәne olardyng úrpaghynyng kýshimen Joshy úlysy derjavasyn qúryp, Euraziyanyng auqymdy bóligin 240 jyl biylegeninen habardar bolarsyz. Al siz bolsanyz "Áskery garnizondaryn qúrghany bolmasa qazaqty qanaytyn orys bolghan joq" deysiz.

Siz "Kenesarynyng túsynda Orys otarshylyghy bolmaghan" deysiz. Orystyng otarshylyq sayasaty Kenesarydan jýz jyl búryn bastalyp iske asqanynan habardar emes siyaqtysyz. Qazaq jerin otarlaugha núsqau bergen I Petr patshanyng ózi bolatyn. 1722 jyly I Petr Parsy joryghynan qaytqan jolynda Astrahangha toqtap qazaqtyng kóz jetkisiz dalasyna kózining súghyn qadap túryp: "Búl dala Orta Aziya, odan Ýndistan, tipten býkil Shyghys әlemine bizding yqpalymyzben saudamyzdy jetkizetin qaqpa eken. Sondyqtan qyrghyz-qaysaqtar delinetin búl alanghasar halyq (Petrding sózimen aitqanda, legkomyslennyy narod) bizding qol astymyzda bolugha tiyisti" ("Y toy rady prichiny onaya-de Orda potrebna pod rossiyskoy proteksiey byti") degen sózin Petrding tilmashy A.Tevkelev jazyp qaldyrghan.

Aq patshanyng mysyq tileuin sezip qoyghan jongharlar osy әngimeden song bir jyl ótpey jatyp 1723 jyly qazaq jerin shapty. Qazaq halqy adam aitqysyz qasiretke úshyrady. Búl qasiret tarihta "Aqtabandy shúbyryndy, Alqakól súlama" dep atalady. Bizding óz aghayyndarymyzdyng arasynda   (ishinde qaysybir tarihshylar da bar) "Jonghar shapqynshylyghy kezinde orys aghayyndar bizge kómek qolyn sozbaghanda qúryp ketken bolar edik" delinetin solaqay pikir bar. Sonda ol qanday kómek? Orystar qazaqtyng qolyna bir sayman ústatty ma? Qazaqqa ara týsip, jongharlargha qarsy bir vzvod attandyrdy ma? Joq, óit­ken joq. Kerisinshe, jongharlarmen astyrtyn kelisim jýrgizdi. Qytay, monghol derekte­rine jýginer bolsaq, jonghardy Batur huntayshy basqarghan 15 jylda (1635-50 jj.) Resey men Jonghar arasynda 17 ret, al 1720-55 jyldary 19 ret elshi almasqan (BNMAU-yn týýh. Ded boti, 1604-1917. UB., 1968,   73-b). Orystar qa­zaq­qa kómektes­keni bylay túrsyn, halqy jongharlardan japa shegip jatqan qazaq aqsýiekterin ýgittep, keyde tipten qysym jasap, bir-birlep Reseyding bodandyghyna (poddanstvo) ótkizip, ótpegende­rining qyr sonyna týsip tynyshtyq bermegen.

Resey bodandyghyn alghash qabyldaghan Ábilqayyrdyng ózi orystardan kýtken jemisin kóre alghan joq. Kerisinshe, reseylikter­ding aitqanymen jýrmegeni ýshin jýrip-túruyna shekteu qoyylyp, aqyry Orynbor gubernatory IY.Nepluevting tikeley núsqauymen Orta jýzding súltany, ózining atalas tuysy Baraqtyng qolymen óltirildi.

Bir jaghynan jonghar shapqynshylyghy, ekinshi jaghynan Reseyding qysymy kýsheygendikten Orta jýzding hany Ábilmәmbet, Abylay bahadýr súltandar 1740 jyly Orynborda Reseymen kelisimge otyrdy. Búl Reseyge baghynu emes, taktikalyq sheginis bolatyn.

Qazaq arasynda "Abylaydy Qaldan-Sarenning qamaghynan azat etuge orys elshisi K.Miller myrza kómektesti" degen pikir qalyptasqan. Shynymen solay ma? Derekterge jýginip kórelik. Eger orystar shynymen Abylaydy azat etudi izgi maqsat tútsa patshagha patsha hat jazuy kerek edi. Biraq, K.Miller Qaldan-Serenge patshanyng emes, Orynbor gubernatorynyng hatyn aparghan. Jonghariyagha bara jatqan jolynda K.Miller qazaqtarmen kezdeskende Úly jýzding batyry Nauryz onyng "Abylaydy azat etuge bara jatyrmyn" degen sózine senbey hatty kórse­tuin talap etken. Biraq, K.Miller ol hatty qazaqtargha kórsetpegen. Orystar Abylaydyng bostandyqqa shyghuyn qoldamaghany bylay túr­syn, V.Moiyseevting aituynsha, Abylaydyng bosap shyghuy Resey biyligin qatty alandatqan. V.Moiyseev osyghan baylanysty IY.Neplu­ev­ting Syrtqy ister kollegiyasyna jibergen hatynan ýzindi keltirgen. Onda IY.Nepluev "Abylaydyng erkindik aluy óte qauipti" dep jaz­ghan (Moiyseev V.A. Djungarskoe hanstvo y kazahy HVII-HVIII vv. A-A, 1991, s.153). Nәtiyjesinde "qytaylargha ish tartyp otyr" degen jeleumen Orys patshasy 1771 jyly Abylaydyng handyghyn moyyndamay qoydy. Ol turaly jarlyqta bylay deydi: "Sledstvie etogo predpisano ne vydavati Ablai gramotu y drugie znaky na hanskoe dostoinstvo, a chtoby etot varvar silinee pochuvstvoval negodovaniye, vyzvannoe ego postupkami, veleno prekratiti vydachu emu jalovaniya" (Grumm-Grjimaylo. Zapadnaya Mongoliya y Urianhayskiy kray. T.II, L. 1926, s.696). Aqyry ne boldy? Qazaqtar jongharlarmen 120-125 jyl (1635-1757) jankeshtilikpen kýresip jonghar basqynshylarynan azat etilgende orystyng qol astyna qalay týsip qalghanyn ózderi de bilmey qaldy...

1820-jyldan bastap qazaq jerinde okrugter men okrugtik prikazdar qúryldy. Týtin basyna, tipten óz jerinde ózderi kóship-qonghany ýshin salyq tóleytin boldy. Kenesary kóterilisi bastalghannan 30 jyl búryn 1809 jylghy prikaz boyynsha salyq tóley almaghan qazaqtar balalaryn qúldyq­qa berdi. Úl balanyng qúny 4-5 qanar qara biday, qyz balanyng qúny 3-4 qanar qara bidaygha baghalandy (E.Bekmahanov. Qazaqstan HIH gh. 20-40 jyldarynda. Almaty, 1994, 142-b). 1830 jyly jer audarylghan polyak Gustav Zemskiyding "Qyrghyzdar" poemasynda qazaqtardyng auyr hali bayandalghan.

Orystar qazaqtyng memleketin joyghannan keyin "bos jatqan jerlerine" qol saldy. Orystar 1690-1830 jyldar aralyghynda qazaq jerine kazak, orysy aralas 1 million 350 myng adam, 100 myng әskeriyler әkelgen. Jәne olargha 150 myng kerjaqtar men baptister kelip qosylghan. Búl san jyl sayyn ósip otyrghan. 1868 jyly tek Sibir kazak әskerindegi adam sany 135756 adamgha deyin ósken (Marat Múqanov. Qazaq jerining tarihy. 23-b). Osynyng bәri otarlau bolmaghanda orystar qazaq dalasynan atasynyng basyn izdep jýr me edi?!

Kenesary, siz aitqanday, avanturist emes, ol - múragerlik jolmen 1841 jyly qyrkýiekte Yrghyz boyynda ýsh jýzding ókilderining qatysuymen saylanghan qazaqtyng songhy hany. Shynghys hannyng "Úly jasaq zany", "Tәukening jeti jar­ghysynan" beri El, jerining tútastyghy, myzghymastyghy ýshin han ja­uapty. Ata qonysyna orystar kelip garnizon, qamal, bekinis salyp, halqyn tonap jatsa, han qalay qol qusyryp qarap otyrmaq?! Kene han el, jerining aldyndaghy paryzyn oryndap, Resey otarshyldyghyna qarsy shyqty. Al siz bolsanyz ol ýshin Han Kenege eki týrli kinә taghasyz.

1). "Ata-babamnyng jerin bosat dep úyalmay-qyzarmay Resey patshasyna ulitimatum qoydy". 2). "Abylay hannyng kezindegi qazaqtyng eski handyq jýiesin qayta qúr­maqqa әreket jasady" deysiz..

Birinshi mәselege kelsek, ata-baba jerin bógde memleket kýsh­pen basyp alyp әskery qamaldar qúryp, shúrayly jerin tartyp alyp jatsa basqynshygha "Ne jerimdi bosat nemese túratyn jerindi ait!" dep dat qoymaghanda Aq patshany qonaqqa shaqyryp, aqsarbasyn aityp soyyp ayaghyna jyghyla ma? Jauyna dat qoy - ata tәrtip. Múnday datty búryn Shynghys han tatarlargha, Orys han Temirge, Baraq han Úlyqbekke qoyghanynan habarsyz siyaqtysyz.

Avtordyng Kene hangha japqan ekinshi kinәsi tipten de qisynsyz. Kenesary han atasynyng kónergen handyq jýiesin qaytadan janghyrtpaq boldy deydi. Sonda qalay Resey HIH gh. basynda salihaly kapitalistik qogham qúryp jatyr ma edi? Ózderi "Últ halyqtarynyng týrmesi" ("Turem narodov") dep ataghan samoderjaviyalyq jýiede edi ghoy. Al sonda Kene han orystar 15 jyl búryn kýshpen joyghan Qazaq handyghynyng shanyraghyn qayta kótermegende qazaq dalasyna "Hrushevtyng kommunizmin" әkep ornata ma? Aytqan sózde tittey de bolsa qisyn bolu kerek qoy, qisynsyz sóz qynyr pikir tudyrady nemese qúrdymgha ketedi.

Avtor Kene hangha "kóneni kókseushi" degen kinә taghady da "Kene han Shynghys hannyng zamanynda, tym bolmaghanda Abylaydyng zamanynda tuu kerek edi" dep kelemejdeydi. Shynghys han men Kene hannyng arasynda alty ghasyrdan astam uaqyt jatyr. Al Abylay han - Kene hannyng atasy. Abylay han ózining sayasy kóregen­digining arqasynda Resey men Qytay arasyndaghy qarym-qatynasty teng ús­tap, El tәuelsizdigin saqtap qaldy jәne tәuelsizdikting tizgini­nen airylmaudy úrpaghyna amanat etti.

Áriyne, Kene hannyng jasaghan qarsylyq qadamdary býgin sizge únamaghany siyaqty kezinde Aq patshagha da únamady. Patsha Kenesarygha qarsy jazalaushy otryadtaryn birinen song birin attandyrdy. Qazaq súltandarynyng arasyna iritki saldy, qaysybirine mansap, marapat úsynyp, Kene handy qoldaghandardy ayamay jazalady. Qyrghyz manaptarynyn, hiualyqtardyng kýshimen Kene hannyng aldynan tosqauyl qoydy. Qazaqtardyng bereke-birligine daq týsirdi. Nә­tiyjesinde Kenesary kóterilisi­ne qatysushylar auyr jaghdayda jan ayamay kýresti. Aqyry jenildi. Jenilgeni, basyn aldyrghany ýshin siz onyng jauyn emes, ózin kinә­laysyz. Bir ólgen handy ekinshi ret óltirmek kimge tiyimdi ekenin eskerip kórdiniz be?

Búl maqalany oqyghanda bir týigenim, avtordyng qazaq halqyna degen shekten shyqqan óshpendiligi. Myna joldardy oqyp kórinizshi "Po otnoshenii k Kazahskoy stepy Rossiya byla ne agressivnoy, a skoree, oboronyaysheysya storonoy, kotoraya prosto vynujdena byla brati Stepi v koliso krepostey y pogranichnyh linii" dep qazaq jerin jaulap alghan Aq patshany emes, óz elin, jerin qorghaghany ýshin "To, chto kazahy y samy vsem svoim sosedyam jitiya ne davali" dep óz halqyn kinәlaydy.

Qaysybireuler taghy da búl auyr jaghdaydan bizdi Resey qútqardy dep jýrui mýmkin. IYә, kenes dәuirinde Qazaqstanda mektep, auruhana, birer óndiris, qala, qalashyqtar túrghyzylghany ras. Biraq qazaqta Reseyge bas úrghannan ózge jol joq pa edi? HIH ghasyrda órkeniyet jaghynan bizben qaraylas bolghan Japoniya, Koreya, Malayziya býgin qay dengeyde, Reseyding "shapaghatyna bólengen" biz qay dengeyde jýrmiz? 1921-1930 jyldardaghy ashtyq, repressiya qúrbandarynyng tógilgen qany ýshin kim jauap beredi?

Mening oiymsha, qay kezende bolmasyn, tyghyryqtan shyghatyn jalghyz jol - Reseyding qoltyghyna kiru emes, sóitip óz halqyn bógdening aldynda jyghyp beru emes, óz betimen tyghyryqtan shyghatyn jol izdeu. Múnday joldyng toraby kóp.

Sonday joldardyng biri - qazaqtyng últ-azattyghy ýshin qozghalysy edi. HIH-HH ghasyrlarda otar halyqtarda búdan ózge jol bolghan joq, Kene han - osy joldy tandaghan qazaqtyng kórnekti ókilde­rining biri. Qazaq - óz tarihynda basqynshy bolyp, bógdening jerin basyp alghan emes, tek óz elinin, jerin basqynshylardan jan ayamay qorghap kelgen halyq. Mysaly, reseylik әskery tarihshy N.Sereda qyrghyz-qazaq qatynasynyng shiynelisuining basty sebepkeri re­tinde Hiua handaryn kinәlaydy. Al siz sol bayaghy Kenesaryny kinәlay­syz.

Kenesarynyng qyrghyz manaptaryna qarsy attanghan songhy sha­buylynyng ishki sebepteri bar. Búl jolghy soghys ta qazaq jerinde ót­ken. Qyrghyzdardyng ejelgi mekeni Batys Mongholiya, Eniysey, Abakan, Ile, Jetisu, Tәnir tauy b.z.b. III-II ghasyrlardan beri Ýisinderding ata mekeni. Álem tarihynda (әsirese ejelgi qytay derekterinde) ýisinderdi qazaq dep tanidy. Qyrghyzdar Alataugha HÝ ghasyrda Haydu hannyng túsynda kelgen. Kekilik tauy, Qarakemer - búryn da, qazir de qazaqtyng Ýisin, Dulat, Shapyrashty taypalarynyng mekeni.

Elining azattyghy men tәuel­sizdigin saqtap qalugha baghyttalghan Kenesary qozghalysy - algha tartqan sayasy talaptary boyynsha progresshil kóte­rilis. Búl әueli ru aralyq jaulasu, feodaldyq bytyranqylyqty joyyp, ortalyqtandyrylghan birtútas memleketti qayta qúrugha baghyttalghan qadam bolatyn (E.Bekmahanov). Búl - Kenesary kóterilisine birden-bir dúrys bagha.

Al siz maqalanyzdyng sonynda tórt týrli "ýlken" qorytyndy jasapsyz. Eger orysqa qatysty shyndyqty aitudan at-tonynyzdy ala qashqanynyzdy aitpaghanda ekinshi qorytyndynyzben kelisuge bolady. Basqalary tarihy taldau túrghysynan syn kótermeydi.

Siz Kene handy, Kene han arqyly qazaqty tarihtyng oryna jyqqynyz keledi. Biraq búl jóninde halyqtyng oiy mýldem basqasha. Halyq:

Kenesary ketken son,

IYesiz qaldy taghymyz.

...Bastan taydy baghymyz,

Búlbúlday sayrap jýr edik,

Baylandy til men jaghymyz (Nysanbay jyrau), - dep qara dombyrasynyng ýnine qosylyp zar jylap, býginge deyin hanynyng basyn izdeumen keledi.

Al siz halqynyzdan asyp qayda barmaqsyz, orys sizge pana bolady dep oilasanyz qatty qate­lese­siz, qamqorlyq týbinde osy "jaman" qazaghynyz túrghysynan jasaluy mýmkin.

Zardyhan Qinayatúly,

tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor

"Jas Alash" gazeti