1. Qazaqtar 1934-1938 jyldary biylikte otyrghan Levon Mirzoyandy «myrza-jan» atap ketti. Biraq bi­luimshe, onyng júrt oilaghanday myrzalyghy joq. Ol repressiya tú­synda Stalinge hat jazyp, jaza­la­natyn adamdardyng tizimin kóbeytuge limit súraghan eken. Al ony qazaqtar erekshe dәriptep, Almatydaghy bir kóshening atyn bergen. Sonda talay adamnyng qanyn arqalaghan Mirzoyan Alash ziyalylarymen teng dәrejede qúrmettelui kerek pe?
2. Bayqasaq, talay ziyalylarymyz dәl Mirzoyannyng túsynda qughyn kórgen. Demek, onyng Alash arys­ta­rynyng atyluyna tikeley qatysy bar ghoy...
3. Keyin oghan «qazaq últshyly» degen aiyp taghylyp, atu jazasyna kesilgenin qalay týsinuge bolady?

Mәriyam BAQTYBAEVA,
Abay atyndaghy QazÚPU studenti

Búl súraqqa әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU, «Qazaqstan tarihy» ka­fe­d­rasynyng mengerushisi, professor Talas Omarbekov jauap beredi.

1. Qazaqtar 1934-1938 jyldary biylikte otyrghan Levon Mirzoyandy «myrza-jan» atap ketti. Biraq bi­luimshe, onyng júrt oilaghanday myrzalyghy joq. Ol repressiya tú­synda Stalinge hat jazyp, jaza­la­natyn adamdardyng tizimin kóbeytuge limit súraghan eken. Al ony qazaqtar erekshe dәriptep, Almatydaghy bir kóshening atyn bergen. Sonda talay adamnyng qanyn arqalaghan Mirzoyan Alash ziyalylarymen teng dәrejede qúrmettelui kerek pe?
2. Bayqasaq, talay ziyalylarymyz dәl Mirzoyannyng túsynda qughyn kórgen. Demek, onyng Alash arys­ta­rynyng atyluyna tikeley qatysy bar ghoy...
3. Keyin oghan «qazaq últshyly» degen aiyp taghylyp, atu jazasyna kesilgenin qalay týsinuge bolady?

Mәriyam BAQTYBAEVA,
Abay atyndaghy QazÚPU studenti

Búl súraqqa әl-Faraby atyndaghy QazÚU, «Qazaqstan tarihy» ka­fe­d­rasynyng mengerushisi, professor Talas Omarbekov jauap beredi.

1. Levon Mirzoyan Qazaqstangha 1933 jyldyng basynda keldi. Ol negizinen, sol kezde Mәskeude basshylyqta otyrghan túlghalarmen jaqsy aralasqan. Túrar Rysqúlovpen de jaqsy baylanysta boldy. Rysqúlov Stalinge 1933 jyly 9 nauryzda hat jazsa, Mirzoyan 20 kýnnen keyin, yaghny 29 nauryzda jazghan. Osy jazylghan eki hat ta mazmúny jaghynan úqsas keledi. Mirzoyan ózining hatynda elding 71 audanynda asharshylyq jýrip jatqanyn, halyqtyng bosyp ketkenin jazyp, 2 mln pút astyq súrap, onyng 1 mln pútyn tarymen berudi ótindi. Asharshylyq saldarynan halyqtyng barlyghy qyrylyp, qazaq dalasy bos qalugha shaq qaldy. Múnyng sony auyr bolatynyn jaqsy týsingen Staliyn, asharshylyqty toqtatugha kýsh salghan Mirzoyannyng súranysyn qanaghat­tandyrdy. Mirzoyan 1 mln pút taryny ashtyq bolyp jatqan audandargha ýlestirdi. Sonymen qatar Stalinnen Qytay men Qazaqstan shekarasyn ashudy súrap, ol jaqtan siyr malyn alghyzdy. Ony shekara boyyndaghy 11 audangha ýlestirip, ol jerdegi siyrlardy ortalyq audandargha, ortalyqtaghy siyrlardy batysqa aidatqyzyp, kolhozdardaghy siyr malynyng sanyn edәuir kóbeytti. Sodan kolhozdyng sauyn maldaryn elge taratyp berdi. Kele sala eginshilikke kýsh salyp, egin kýzde bitik shyqty. Mine, osynday sharalardy qoldanu arqyly ashar­shylyqtyng betin qaytardy. Janyn saqtap qalghan basshyny halyq sol ýshin de «myrza-jan» atap ketti. Sonday-aq orysqa otar bolghan últtyng ókili bolghandyqtan, ol qazaqtargha dúrys qarady. Biraq eskeretin bir jayt, Mirzoyan tikeley partiyanyn, yaghny Stalinning tap­syr­masyn oryndady.
Mirzoyan taza kommunist bolghan. Ol kommunistik totalitarlyq jýiening naghyz qayratkeri retinde qúrmetteldi. Halyq ýshin júmys jasaydy dese de, is jýzinde partiya halyqtan shyqqan adamdardy «halyq jauy» retinde qu­da­lady. Osynday qayshylyqty qo­ghamda ómir sýrgen adamnyng qayshylyqty túlgha retinde qalyptasatyny sózsiz edi. Ol kezdegi basshylar da halyqty qansha syilap, qúrmettegenimen partiyanyng sayasatyn jýrgizuge mәjbýr boldy. Al partiyanyng sayasaty tym qatal bolghanyn bar­ly­ghymyz bilemiz. Múnday jaghdayda Mirzoyannan keremet basshy shyghady dep ýmittenuding ózi әbestik. Ta­riyh­shylar Mirzoyandy asharshylyqty toqtatqany ýshin, halyqqa jaqsy qaraghany ýshin ghana maqtaydy. Biraq olar Levon Mirzoyandy totalitarlyq jýiege qarsy bolghan, qazaqshyl adam retinde әspettemeydi. Onyng adam­ger­shilik qasiyetterin zamandastary da joghary baghalaghan. Biraq qalay desek te, ol le­niyn­dik-stalindik gvardiyadan shyqqan adam. Oilau jýiesi de kommunistik sipatta. Ol eldi basqasha qúryp, sayasy jýieni ózgerteyin degen joq. Mәskeudegi Stalin bastaghan qughyn-sýrgindi de toqtatugha mýddeli bolghan emes. Sol sebepti de odan últshyl, qazaqshyl túlgha jasaudyng qajeti joq.
2. Qazaqstandaghy qughyn-sýrginge Mirzoyandy kinәli etu de dúrys emes. Biraq ol basqarghan tústy kemshiliksiz, keremet, qazaqtar baqytqa bólengen kezeng deu, taghy da orynsyz.
1936-1938 jyldar aralyghynda Mәskeude iri ýsh sot prosesi jýrdi. 1936 jyly birinshi sot prosesinde Zinoviev pen Kamenev bastaghan 14 adam sottalyp, atu jazasyna kesildi. Al ekinshi sot prosesi 1937 jyly boldy. Onda Rykov, Serebryakov, Pyatakov syndy partiyanyng kórnekti túlghalarynan 17 adam sottaldy. Búl adamdar «troskiyshildik ortalyqty qúrghan», «Kirovty óltirgen», «Stalin men Voroshilovty, Jdanovty, Ordjanikidze men Kuybyshevty jәne taghy da basqa partiya basshylaryn óltirmek bolghan» degen aiyptaumen sottaldy. Osy jyldyng jaz aiynda әskeriylerding ýstinen de sot jýrgizilip, 408 adam sotqa tartylyp, onyng 401-i atyldy. 1937 jyly osynday eki iri sot isi bastalghanda, Mirzoyan ishin tarta bastady. 1937 jylghy bir plenumda Staliyn: «Qazaqstandy basqaryp otyrghan Mirzoyannyng óz arteli (kol­hozy) bar. Ol Qazaqstandy bas­qarugha ózimen birge birneshe jýz adamdy Ázirbayjan men Oraldan alyp ketti. Búl arteliderding kózin jong kerek» dep sóz sóilegen eken. Sodan-aq Mirzoyan qiyn jaghdaydyng qalyptasqanyn týsindi. Sol sebepti de ol OGPU men NKVD ­sharalaryna qarsylyq kórset­ken joq. Sot­tal­ghandargha arasha týspegen sebebi 1937 jyly aiyptalghandar J.Súltanbekov, Mәskeudegi N.Núr­maqov, O.Jandosov syndy túl­gha­lardy «bizge núsqau bergen, terroristik tro­s­kiyshildik әreketimizge basshylyq etken» dep kórsetti. Al Mirzoyan bolsa, olarmen tyghyz baylanysta bolghan.
1937 jyly Mәskeudegi sot prosesine eliktep Qazaqstanda da «halyq jau­laryn» aiyptaugha baylanysty ýsh ashyq sot prosesi úiymdastyryldy. Ol Qaraghandyda, Soltýstik Qa­zaqstannyng Presnov audanynda jәne Semey oblysynyng Ýrjar audanynda jýrgizildi. Osy ýsh sot prosesinde beseuding hatyn jazghan adamdar búrynghy Qazaqstan ókimetining jauapty hatshysy bolghan E.Altynbekov pen M.Ghataulin qu­dalandy. 1936-1938 jyldary Qa­zaqstanda 25 833 adam «halyq jauy» retinde partiyadan shygharylyp, olardyng 8 544-i atylghan. Búl Mirzoyan basqarghan kezdegi jaghday. Biraq biz múny tikeley Mirzoyan jasady dep aita almaymyz. Búl shyn mәninde, Mәskeudegi sot prosesterining jalghasy edi. Al 1938 jyly Mәskeude ýshinshi prosess bastaldy. Onda troskiyshil, onshyl aghymdaghy adamdar qudalandy.
Negizi, elimizdegi qughyn-sýrgin 1934 jyly S.Kirov atyp óltirilgennen keyin bastaldy. Partiyanyng 17 sezinde delegattar jinalyp, Ortalyq Komiytetke saylanatyn adamdargha jasyryn dauys beredi. Saylaudaghy jasyryn dauys nәtiyjesi boyynsha Stalin 9 orynda túrghan. Múnda kópshilik óz dauysyn Kirovqa bergen. Biraq esh sebepsiz dauys bergen 121 adamnyng bulleteni joghalyp ketken. Osy jiynnan keyin kóp keshikpey Kirov óltirilip, oghan dauys bergen adamdardyng barlyghy qughyngha úshyray bastady. Biz múnda Mirzoyan men Kirovtyng jaqyn dos bolghanyn eskeruimiz kerek. Osydan song Mirzoyannyng da qughyn kóretini sózsiz edi.
Al Alash ziyalylarynyng quda­lanuyna Mirzoyan sebep boldy degen beker sóz. Alash ziyalylaryna qatysty sot 1930-1932 jyldary bolghan. Sonda olar sottalyp, aidalyp, odan aman oralghandary NKVD tiziminde túr­ghan­dyqtan 1937 jyly qayta qughyndaldy. Yaghny ziyalylardyng qughyndaluyna Mirzoyannyng tikeley qatysy joq. Olar Mәskeu pro­sesterining saldarymen sýrginge úshyrady.
3.1937 jyly Mәskeudegi bir kez­desuinde Stalin Mirzoyangha: «Siz ózi­n­izding dosynyz Kirov júmys istegen jerge barasyz» dep aitqan eken. Al ol kezde Kirov ólip qalghan bolatyn. Yaghny búl Stalinning «Kirov syndy kózindi joyamyn» degen әngimesi bolsa kerek. 1938 jyldyng basynda Stalin Mirzoyangha óz qolymen telegramma jiberip, onda júmystyng barlyghyn Skvorsovqa tapsyryp, 3 kýnning ishinde Mәskeuge qaytuyn habarlaydy. Osy telegrammany alghan song Mirzoyan qatty daghdarysqa úshyraydy. Sodan ózining serikterin shaqyryp alyp, «Maghan Stalin dosynyz barghan jaqqa barasyz degen edi, bәlkim meni Leningradqa jiberetin shyghar» degen oiyn aitady. Alayda ol mingen poyyz Kolomnagha deyin ghana jetip, onda ony ýkimet vagonynan shygharyp, temir tormen qaptalghan vagongha otyrghyzghan eken. Mine solaysha ol Lubyanka týrmesinen bir-aq shyqqan. Ol 1938 jyly qyz­metinen bosatylyp, 1939 jyly 26 aqpanda Chubari, Kosarev, Postyshev tәrizdi partiya qayrat­kerlerimen birge atyldy. Al oghan «qazaq últshyly» degen aiyp taghylghan emes. Múnday aiyp sot isindegi qújattarda da kezdespeydi. Ony últshyl-uklonist, troskiyshil degen aiyppen sottap, atu jazasyna kesken...

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