Aramtamaq! Qiyanatshyl! Qaltasy bar, týbi joq! Qanaushy! Súmdyq-ay, qazaq nege bay dese birden osylay titirkenedi de qalady? Áyteuir әl-auqattylarymyz jayly jaqsy sózge saranbyz, esesine enseli ýii men oghan kirip-shyqqan kólikterin kórgen sayyn kózimizge bәle kóringendey, «osylar ne jep bayidy eken?!.» dep jybyr ete qalatyndarymyz az emes. Sonda deymin-au, kedeyding kedey bolghanyna bay jazyqty ma? Yaghni, bayyghannyng bәri jemqor ma? Sanamyzgha bay jayly, baylyq jayly osynsha óshpendilik otyn kim jaqty eken?

Aramtamaq! Qiyanatshyl! Qaltasy bar, týbi joq! Qanaushy! Súmdyq-ay, qazaq nege bay dese birden osylay titirkenedi de qalady? Áyteuir әl-auqattylarymyz jayly jaqsy sózge saranbyz, esesine enseli ýii men oghan kirip-shyqqan kólikterin kórgen sayyn kózimizge bәle kóringendey, «osylar ne jep bayidy eken?!.» dep jybyr ete qalatyndarymyz az emes. Sonda deymin-au, kedeyding kedey bolghanyna bay jazyqty ma? Yaghni, bayyghannyng bәri jemqor ma? Sanamyzgha bay jayly, baylyq jayly osynsha óshpendilik otyn kim jaqty eken?

Bizdi qúrtqan kenestik sayasat...

Bay degen qarny juan, qúlqyny teren, qara bastyng qa­myn ghana kýittegen, aldyndaghy malyn sanaudan ghana lәz­zat alatyn ashkóz bireu... Bay turaly shygharmalardyng bar­lyghy oqyrman sanasynda osynday jiyirkenishti beyne qalyptastyryp keldi. Qarabay sonday: qyzy Bayandy Qozy Kórpeshtey sýigenine qimady, sebebi ol - kedey. Sәbit Mú­qanov ta «Botagózinde» baydy sonshalyqty óshpendilik­pen surettedi. Tipti keshegi sayasat Múqannyng da «Abay jo­lyn» Qúnanbay ýshin talay senzuragha ilip, aqyry Abaydy shygharu ýshin Áuezov әkesin odan sәl әlsizdeu tip etip kór­se­tuge mәjbýr boldy. Al, shyn mәninde, Qúnanbay tekti bolmasa, Abay qaydan tuar edi?» Yaghni, býgingi úrpaq shyndyqtyng betine osylay tura qaray alady? Zamanynda qajylyqqa baryp, Mekkede tәkiya saldyrghan Qúnanbay syndy qajynyng adamgershiligine jat minezderdi teligen sol bay ataulygha qarsy sayasat. Ol sayasat qazaqtyng malynan búryn sanasyn, jandýniyesin tonady emes pe? Biz bәrinen búryn osyny aitudyng ornyna, bәlen mal qyryldy, bәlen dýnie tәrkilendi degen esepten arygha bara almay jýrmiz.  Sanamyz tonalmasa, oilau jýiemiz 180 gradusqa tónkerilip týspese, naghyz qazaq qoghamynda Bay degen basqasha maghy­nagha ie bolghanyn biler edik qoy? «Qozy-Kórpesh - Bayan súlu» jyrynda Qarabaydyng 90 myng jylqysy bolghandyghy anyq aitylady. Al Shoqan Uәlihanov HIH ghasyrda Aqtaylaq degen baydyng 17 myn, al Ortalyq Qazaqstandaghy Alda men Júman degen baylardyng 24 myng jylqysy, Sa­paq, Azynabay degen baylardyng 18 myng jylqysy bolgha­nyn jazghan. Qazaqta «bay bolsan, Bapaqtay bol, Azynabay, Sapaqtay bol» degen sóz bar. Han Kenening әskerin jasaq­taghan  - halqymyzdyng osynday jylqyly baylary. Son­day-aq «Baydyng tasuy» degen dәstýr bolypty qazaqta. Dәu­leti tasyghan bay sony bergen Jaratqangha alghys retinde bir jeti, keyde tipti on kýn  elge mal taratqan. Odan alushy­lar da tek «paydagha kenelsem» ne «tegin malgha qarq bolsam» dep emes, teberik retinde ýles alyp, sonday qúrmetti dәre­jege kóterilsem dep yrymdaydy eken, eng birinshi.

Kezinde qazaq dalasyna kelip, osynday jaghdaydy kózimen kórgen orys generaly Bronevskiy: «Qazaqtyng baylary orystyng «bogatyi» sózining balamasy emes, qazaq­tyng bayy - aqyl-oyy, ruhany jaghynan ba­rynsha jetilip, naghyz kemeline kelgen adam. Sony ghana qazaq halqy Bay deydi. Al jay ghana materialdyq qúndy­lyqtardy jinaghan adamdy qazaq eshqashan Bay dep moyyndamaghan» dep jazghan. Rasynda, qa­zaq eshqashan malgha baydy naghyz Bay sanamaghan. Sebebi últymyzdyng úghymyn­daghy Bay - arnayy status. Ol - tektilikting balamasy. Sondyqtan da onyng qoghamda at­qaratyn ózindik funksiyasy bolghan. Ol qanday?

Ahmet TOQTABAY, tarih ghylymynyng doktory:

- Ru bolu ýshin qazaqta ýsh nәrse bo­luy kerek bolghan: birinshi - baghatyn Ba­yy, ekinshi - jaudan qorghaytyn baty­ry, ýshinshi - topqa týsetin Biyi. Osy ne­giz­gi ýsh elementi bolghanda ghana «jeti atagha tolystyq, jeke el bolystyq» dep, tu bie soyyp, jana rudyng shanyraghyn kótergen. Sondyqtan da qazaqtyng Bay­lary qazirgidey ózine bәlen ýy salyp alyp, týgen mәshiyne minip, jeke bas mýd­desin kýittep ketken emes, býgingi­dey zeynetaqy qory, saqtandyru sekil­di dýniyeler joq jalpaq júrtty sol әr rudyng baylary asyraghan: rudyng so­ghymgha soyatyn maly bar ma, jarlynyng balasy otau qúra almay jýrse, taghy sol siyaqty materialdyq qajettilikting bәrin bay óz moynyna alyp otyrghan. Qazaq qoghamynyng eng basty ereksheligi de sonda, yaghny orys ne Europa qogha­myn­daghyday bay men kedeyding arasyn­da óshpendilik bolghan emes. Búl jay bizding qúr keude soghu, maqtanuymyz emes, barlyghy da belgili orys, týrki ghalymdarynyng kezinde jazyp ketken ghylymy derekterine sýienip aitylghan derek.

Alashty aityp, «Atymtayyn» úmyt qaldyrghanymyz qalay?

Memleket tarihy institutynyng qyz­met­keri Erkin Rahmetullinning enbeginde ja­zylghanday, qazaq baylarynyng Alash mú­raty jolyndaghy eren enbegi HIH ghasyrdyng ayaghy men HH ghasyrdyng basynda qazaq jastarynyng Resey imperiyasynyng jәne әlemning joghary oqu oryndarynda bilim aluyna jәrdemdesui edi. Basqasy basqa, biraq býgingi Tәuelsiz Qazaqstannyng irgeta­syn qalaugha tarihy negiz salyp ketken Alash arystarynyng payda boluyna tikeley yqpal etken qazaq baylary jayly aitpau kýnә. Ókinishtisi, býgingi qazaq balasy Áliy­han­dy, Ahmetti, Mústafa men Mirjaqypty jaqsy tanyghanymen, Qara­jan Ýkibaevtyn, Medeu Orazbaevtyn, Hasen Aqaevtyn, aghayyndy Bekmetov­terdin, Ybyray Aq­baev­tyn, Maman bay­dyn, Isa Kópjasa­rovtyn, Syrym batyr­dyng shóberesi Salyq Omarovtyng jәne Tobaniyaz Álniyazovtar­dyng kim ekenin bile bermeydi. Mәselen, Jahansha (Jansha) Dosmúhamedov Syrym batyrdyng shóberesi Salyq Omarovtyng kómegimen Mәskeu uniyversiytetining zang fa­kulitetin bitirgen. Sonday-aq 1906 jyly Mirjaqyp Dulatovty týrmege qamaghanda Qarajan Ýkibaev ony shygharyp alu ýshin kepildikke 2500 rubli tólepti. Al Ombyda Aqaydyng Haseni 5000 myng rubli bergen. Álihan Bókeyhanovtyng 1908 jyly segiz ay Semey abaqtysynda otyrghany belgili. Sol kezde ony auyrdy dep estigen tobyqty Orazbaydyng balasy Medeu on qúlyndy bie Shaghylgha baylatyp, kýnde abaqtygha bir saba qymyz ben bir baghlan soyyp apa­ryp, mәjilis qúryp otyrghan eken.

Yaghny qazaq bayy - jomarttyq iyesi, yaghny mesenat. Al ol jomarttyq tereng sana men últqa degen sýiispenshilikpen, asqan parasattylyqpen astasyp jatty. Sonyng taghy bir biyik belesi - qazaq baspasózining órkendeuine, últ mәdeniyetining damuyna qarjylyq qoldau jasaghany. 1913-1918 jyldar aralyghynda 265 nómiri jaryq kórgen «Qazaq» gazetining jaryqqa shyghuy­na jәne el ishine taraluyna yqpal etken auqatty qazaqtar. Mәselen, osy gazetting 1915 jylghy sanynda «Auqatty Alash aza­mattaryna» atty maqala jaryq kórui múng eken, Esenghúl qajy bastaghan Maman bay­dyng balalary belsene jәrdem beruge kósh­ken. Al biz býgin arystarymyzdy aq­tauyn aqtaghanmen, osynday baylarymyz­dy «feodal» degen aiyptan aiyqtyrugha mәn bermey jýr ekenbiz...

Qazaq kimge qarap bayy kerek?

Biyl 19-mәrte әlem baylarynyng kó­shin bastaushy Bill Geyts te emes, bolmasa tughan eli kedeylikten qaltyrap otyrghanda qaraqan basy 37 milliard dollardy bóksesine basqan ispandyq Amansio Or­tega da emes, tarihta aty qalghan qazaqtyng óz baylary bar. Sonyng biri - Qarajan Ýkibaev. Mәskeuden Birinshi gilidiyaly kópes ataghyn alyp kelgen Alash azamaty Qazan tónkerisine deyin qaltasy asa qa­lyn, myndy aidaghan millioner bolghan. Qarajan baygha qatysty mәlimetterdi zert­tep, ol jayynda maqala jazghan semey­lik jurnalist Saylau Tóleuov keltirgen de­rekterge jýginsek, Qarajangha 11 myng bas jylqy bitken. Múndaghy basty nazarda ústau kerektigi -  osynshama baylyqty Qa­ra­jan baydyng qara bastyng qamyna júm­samay, últqa paydasyn keltirer úlaghatty isterge shashqandyghy. Mysalgha, 1918 jyly Múhtar Áuezov «Abay» jurnalyn shygha­rugha Qarajannan qarjy súrap barghanda, alpauyt bay qynq demesten úly jazushy­nyng júmysyna bar jaghdaydy jasaghan eken. Búl - bir, ekinshiden, elimizde óndiris isin de alghashqy óristetkenderding biri osy - Qarajan bay bolsa kerek. «Qant qyzyl­shasyn óndeytin zauyt pen bir ózine 27 ózen men búlaq kelip qúyatyn Marqakólden tek jalghyz ghana aghyp shyghatyn Qal­jyr sekildi aryndy tau ózeninde GES salu iydeyasy da osy Qarajan baydan shyqqan eken. Búl shamamen 1909 jyldar bolsa kerek. Qarajan teren-tereng shatqaldar­dyng bir jaghynan ekinshi jaghyna tezdetip shyghu ýshin mólsheri 200 metr biyiktikte temir trostan aspaly kópir salghyzady. Jas zertteushi, gumanitarlyq ghylym­dar­dyng magistri Erkin Rahmetulliyn­nin aytuynsha, Qarajan 1906 jyly Se­meyde 100 nómir­lik telefon stansysyn óz qarjysyna sa­typ alyp, ornatqan. Alys jatqan Zaysan uezine deyin baghanalar tart­qyzyp, bayla­nysty jenildetken. Osylay, júrtqa jaq­sy­lyq jasap, qalyng qazaqqa qyruar pay­dasyn tiygizgen Qarajan 1921 jyly tolyq tәrkilenip, zúlym biylikting qúrbanyna ai­naldy.

Qazaq tarihynda taghy bir osynday esim iyesi - Pang Núrmaghambet. Shyn tegi Saghynayúly bolyp keletin Núrmaghambet baydy halyq tek baylyghy ýshin emes, últy ýshin úly sóz sóilep, biyligin jýzege asyra alghandyghy ýshin «Jarty patsha» atandyrsa kerek. Osy bir túlgha jayly zerttep, ja­ryq­qa shygharushy qalamger Maqsútbek Sýleymennin aytuynsha, ol - Aqmola óni­rin­de asyltúqymdy jylqy sharuashy­ly­ghyn alghashqy damytushylardyng biri. Núr­maghambet - últ ýshin de úlaghatty ister tyn­­dyryp, baylyghyn sol jolda sarp etken erlerding biri. Mysalgha, onyng Alash kósemderimen ýndes bolyp, olargha demeu­shilik jasaghany jayyndaghy mәlimetter múraghattarda saqtauly. Alayda Pang Núr­ma­ghanbet el esinde әkesi Saghynaygha bergen asymen qalghan. 1886 jyly berilgen sol asqa 500 aq ýy tigilip, oghan 500 búhar kilem ilingen, 5 tonna shay әkelinip, jana ydys-ayaqtar Tashkent pen Qazan qala­la­rynan alyn­dy. 10 myng kórpe-jastyq, qonaqtar­gha syilaugha 500 búhar shapany әkelinip, Sibirden 500 baghaly ang terisi alyndy. 20 myng qoy, 100 jylqy soyyl­dy. Qazaqstan Últtyq ensiklo­pediyasynda Arqada ótken Saghynaydyng asyna ketken shyghynnyng ataq­ty Tәj-Mahal kesenesin salugha júm­salghan qarjymen birdey bol­ghandyghy ja­zylady. Átten, kezinde Giyn­nessting rekord­tar kitabyna enbey qalghany ókinishti...

Sanany túrmys emes, dúrysy - túrmysty sanagha biyletu

Býginde bizderdi osynday halyqtyng úrpaghy dep kim aitady? Bay kórsek, bәle kórgendey jiyrylyp shyghuymyz sol ke­nes­tik sayasattan.  Baydy qyryp, «sholaq belsendi» etip, kedey degen әleumettik toptyng әleuetin kýsheytu arqyly qazaqtyng psihologiyasyna tónkeris jasady. Sodan ne kerek, «auruyn jasyrghan óledi» demekshi, ashyghyn aituymyz kerek, býgin biz Tәuelsiz el bolsaq ta, әli sol kedeylik psihologiyasynan aryla almay otyrmyz.  Bizge bәrin bireu beru kerektey:  mәselen, júmys berushi jalaqysyn jogharylatuy kerek, memleket ýy beruge tiyis, baghalar tómen boluy shart, sonday-aq kóptegen qyzmet tegin boluy tiyis! Eng arzan kiyim, arzan tamaq, әiteuir arzan ataulyny izdep, keyde әldebir zatty sәl arzandau alu ýshin saghattap kezek kýtuge barmyz. Tanys psiho­logiya ma? Kóbimizding osylay oilayty­ny­myz ótirik emes qoy? Atalghan qasiyetterding barlyghy kedeylik psihologiyasyna tәn belgiler eken. Al odan góri aqsha tabudyng qosymsha jolyn qarastyryp, әlgindey kezekke ketken uaqytyn odan da sol ekinshi júmysqa ketirse qayter edi? Solay ete alsa ghoy shirkin, «kedeylik psihologiya­synan» qúlan-taza aiyghyp keter edi-au!.. Qazaqtyng bay quatty boluyna eng birinshi kedergi bolyp otyrghan - osy mәsele.

Avtor: Mәriyam ÁBSATTAR

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