Beysen Ahmetúly. Qytay ekonomikasy eng qaterli kezenge tap boldy ma?
Alyp derjava Qytay elining әlemdi dýrildetip túrghan tirligi taghy bir basqyshqa ótetin týri bar. Qytaydyng merzimdi basylymdary alda, qarashanyng 18-ne josparlanghan Býkil Qytaylyq Halyq Qúryltayy turaly ýgit-nasihat júmystaryn qauyrt jýrgizip jatyr. Aytylmysh qúryltayda Hu Jintau (Orysshasy - Hu Sintau) tóragha ornyn Shyn Jinping (Shyn Sinpini) myrzagha bermekshi. 4-5 jyldan beri dayyndap kele jatqan múrageri ary qaray Ekonomikalyq qayta qúrylymdaudy bastaydy degen daqpyrt shyqqaly da 2 jylgha ainaldy. Biz de óz әlimizshe Qytay ekonomikasyndaghy shyndyqtar men shylyqtargha talqy jasaudy jón kórdik.
Lang Shianpiyn: «Qytay ekonomikasy eng qaterli kezenge tap boldy»
(Lang Shianpiyn(郎咸平): AQSh Wharton Business School-ning doktory, qazir Gankon(Hongkong) qytay tili uniyversiytetinin professory)
Kýlli әlem ekonomikasyn jylanday arbap jútyp, aidahargha ainalghan alyp qytay endi sharshay bastaghanday. Álde jan-jaqtan qúiylghan aqshagha qaghanaghy qaryq, saghanaghy saryq bop toyattay qaldy ma!? Álde bir alpauyt alayaqtardyng qaqpanyna týsip qaldy ma? Áyteuir bir tyqyr tayanghany belgili. Búl turaly olar ózderi dabyl qaghyp otyr.
Alyp derjava Qytay elining әlemdi dýrildetip túrghan tirligi taghy bir basqyshqa ótetin týri bar. Qytaydyng merzimdi basylymdary alda, qarashanyng 18-ne josparlanghan Býkil Qytaylyq Halyq Qúryltayy turaly ýgit-nasihat júmystaryn qauyrt jýrgizip jatyr. Aytylmysh qúryltayda Hu Jintau (Orysshasy - Hu Sintau) tóragha ornyn Shyn Jinping (Shyn Sinpini) myrzagha bermekshi. 4-5 jyldan beri dayyndap kele jatqan múrageri ary qaray Ekonomikalyq qayta qúrylymdaudy bastaydy degen daqpyrt shyqqaly da 2 jylgha ainaldy. Biz de óz әlimizshe Qytay ekonomikasyndaghy shyndyqtar men shylyqtargha talqy jasaudy jón kórdik.
Lang Shianpiyn: «Qytay ekonomikasy eng qaterli kezenge tap boldy»
(Lang Shianpiyn(郎咸平): AQSh Wharton Business School-ning doktory, qazir Gankon(Hongkong) qytay tili uniyversiytetinin professory)
Kýlli әlem ekonomikasyn jylanday arbap jútyp, aidahargha ainalghan alyp qytay endi sharshay bastaghanday. Álde jan-jaqtan qúiylghan aqshagha qaghanaghy qaryq, saghanaghy saryq bop toyattay qaldy ma!? Álde bir alpauyt alayaqtardyng qaqpanyna týsip qaldy ma? Áyteuir bir tyqyr tayanghany belgili. Búl turaly olar ózderi dabyl qaghyp otyr.
Ekonomikalyq damu túraqty boluy ekitalay, túraqty boluy ýshin ekonomikalyq sayasat jii ózgerip túru kerek. Sebebi, súranys pen úsynys tipti, sayasy jaghdaydyng jii ózgerui ekonomikagha әser etetini belgili. Qytay eli de dәl osynday kezenge tap boluda. Songhy 10 jyldaghy qytay ekonomikasynyng qaryshtap damuy әlemdi tandantty әri shoshytty. Endi mine, birden shayqala bastady.
Taghy bir sebep retinde alpauyt AQSh dollary men Qytay yuany arasyndaghy tәueldilik pen sayasy kýndestikting kimning paydasyna sheshiletinin qaraugha bolady.
Toqyraudyng eng basty beynesi retinde aldymen azyq-týlik baghasynyng ósuin jәne Qytay yuanynyng qúnsyzdanu prosesinde túrghanyn aitugha bolady.
Birinshiden, jalpy ekonomikalyq salany damytugha jana talpynys bolmady. Kóne sýrdek qiyndyqqa tiredi. Ekonomikanyng ýdeu qarqynynyng bayaulauy eng tómengi ailyq jalaqy ólshemining ósu kórsetkishin kóteruge mýmkindik bermeude. Atap aitqanda, Qytaydyng 16 provinsiyasynda búl kórsetkish 17 %-dan aspady. Búl ótken jylghy 22 %-dan tómendegenin kórsetedi.
Ekinshiden, ýkimet shetelden investisiya tartuda tyghyryqqa tireldi jәne kóptegen iri, orta-shaghyn kompaniyalardy memleket óz kýshimen sýiemeldep otyr. Ásirese, syrtqy sauda mólsheri aitarlyqtay toqyrady, búny Evropa elderining ekonomikalyq daghdarysymen jәne Evraziyalyq odaqtyng importty aitarlyqtay shekteuimen de týsindiruge bolady.
Ýshinshiden, Qytay aqshasy qúnsyzdana bastady. Búl bir jaghynan halyqtyng qarjy salasyna әser etti. Halyq aqshany jyljymaytyn mýlikke salayyn dese, ýy baghasy aspanday bastady, endi bir jaghynan jenildetilgen nesie sayasatyn paydalanghan iri ýi-qúrylys kompaniyalary túrghyn ýidi kóptep saluda, búl ertengi ýy baghasynyng túraqty bola almaytyndyghyn kórsetip otyr.
Tórtinshiden, ýkimet iri, orta jәne shaghyn kәsipkerlikke bergen tómen ósimdi qarjylardyng qaytarymy bolmay otyr. Sebebi, menedjment әlsiz, tek ýkimetting sýiemeli kerek. Sonymen ishki qanyqqan bazardy keneytu men ekonomikagha serpilis beretin jana bazar ashu mәselesi qatar kelip otyr.
Besinshiden, massasy anaghúrlym kóp halyq naqty aqshany qarjylyq ainalymgha saludan qorqyp birden amanat qoigha óte bastady, búnyng sebebi myna 3 jaqtan kórinedi: aldymen, ýy baghasy túraqsyz; ekinshiden, depozit bazary túraqsyz, ósuinen óshui kóp bop túr; ýshinshiden, qúndy zattargha salugha halyq tartynady, olay bolatyny shyn-jalghanyn paryqtay almaytyn halyq aldanyp qaludan qorqady.
Qytaydaghy monopoliya men jemqorlyq nemese «Shanqúi» turaly
Qytay ýkimeti jemqorlyqty qúrtudyng qiyndyghyn sezine bastady, múndaghy sebepting eng ýlkeni joghary shendilerding mýddesinen qalyptasqan monopoliya bolyp otyr. Múnday monopoliyalar tipten ashyqqa shyghyp, júmys týzilisterin barghan sayyn keneytude. Juyrda osynday bir ýlken qarjylyq monopoliyanyng jinalysyna baryp qaytqan qandasymyz Ádil (tolyq atyn aitudy jón kórmedik) bylay dep syr bólisti: «2012 jyldyng jazynda Qytaydaghy dostarymnyng shaqyruymen Ýrimji qalasynda ótken «Shanqúi» dep atalghan jinalysta boldym. Jinalysqa Shinjiang provinsiyasynyng búrynghy partiya tóraghasy Uang Lychuan joldastyng jerlesterinen, yaghni, Shan dong provinsiyasynyng adamdarynan qúralghan mafiyasynyng joghary shendi ókilderi keldi. Tipti býkil Shinjiandaghy eng iri kompaniyalar men qarjylyq qúrylymdar sol kisining iyeliginde ekenin kórip tang qaldym. Ol ghana ma desem, Shinjiandaghy ýkimettik oryndardaghy ekonomika basqaru men qarjy bóluge qatysty oryndaghy shendiler negizinen Uang myrzanyng adamdary bolyp shyqty. Olardyng shygharghan «Shanqúi» dep atalatyn kitapshasynda da birshama shendilerding sureti berilip, tanystyrylypty» - dep ayaqtady sózin. Qytay múnay kompaniyasynda isteytin, atyn aitpaudy jón kórgen qytay azamaty da múny joqqa shygharmady. Olardyng aituynsha, Shinjiandy ashsa alqanynda, júmsa júdyryghynda ústaghan Uang myrza Ýrimjidegi «5 shilde» oqighasynan keyin lauazymy ósip ortalyqqa bardy, al artynda qalghan komandasy men kompaniyalary bayaghysha shalqyp túr.
Mine, búdan monopoliya men jemqorlyqtyng Qytaydyng da irgesin qaza bastaghanyn kóruge bolady.
AQSh Dollary men Qytay yuanynyng teketiresi
Osydan eki jyl búryn elimizding aqparat qúraldary Qytay yuany «halyqaralyq ortaq aqshagha» ainaluy mýmkin dep dabyl qaqqany jәne qatarynan 3-4 jyldan beri Qazaqstan Ortalyq Banki Qytay Yuanyn eng senimdi, túraqty aqsha dep tapqany belgili. Tipti Qytaylyqtar «Qytaylar zamany tudy» dep lepirip tóbeleri jer tiregendey shalyqtaghandary bar edi. Asqangha - tosqan. Onyng ýstine búrynnan qalyptasyp ornyqqan AQSh dollary jyly ornyn qaydan bosatsyn. Ekonomikanyng ne ekenin emeuirinmen týsinetin evreylerding qaqpany aqyry Qytaygha da qúrylghan synayly. Qazir Qytay sayt paraqtary «Qytay Ekonomikasynyng qaterge tap kelgenin» jarysa jazyp, shyghar jol izdep әlek boluda. Al Qytay halqy aldaghy bolatyn 18-kezekti Býkilqytaylyq Halyq Qúryltayynyng sheshimin taghatsyzdana kýtip jatyr.
Sebebi, qytaylar Qytaydyng bir mezettik ekonomikalyq damuyna masattanyp ketti. Tipti, qytay yuanyn halyqaralandyramyz dep shetel asyryp ta ýlgirdi de, bir bólik qytay yuannyng iyelik qúqyghyn qoldan shygharyp alghan edi. Osylaysha masondardyng qaqpanyn basty. Ol kezde Qytaylar qúnsyzdanghan aqshanyng ornyn aqsha basyp shygharumen tolyqtaghany taghy bar. Búl degen sóz qytay aqshasynyng mýmkindigin kýshpen arttyru maqsatynda istelgendikten, naqty ekonomikalyq týzilis pen qún zanyna say kelmey qaldy da, qytay yuanynyng AQSh dollaryna tәueldigin jandandyrdy.
Qytaylardyng taghy bir útyluy - shetelge qarata erkin sauda sayasatyn qoldanu barysynda oryn aldy. Investor shetel azamattaryna qarata jenildikpen berilgen kóp aqsha (shetelge qarjy qosu maqsatynda) men investorlardy tartu maqsatyndaghy ekonomikalyq jenildikter sebebinen, kóp qarjy sheteldikterding paydasyna ótip ketti, yaghni, shetel qarjysyn qyzyqtyru maqsatynda qytay aqshasynyng shetel aqshasyna baghamy shetel aqshasyna qún jaratyp beru kerek boldy. Búl Qytay aqshasyna túraqsyzdyq әkeldi. Sonymen sheteldegi qytay aqshasynyng bazar baghasyna say qúnyn túraqty saqtap qalu ýshin shetelde qytay aqshasynyng qúnyn tómendetip ústasa, al el ishinde sonyng esebinen aqsha qúny shamadan tys jogharlatyldy nemese aqshany kóp mólsherde basyp taratty. Susha qúiylghan shetel qarjysy ýshin qúnsyzdanu shamasyn tolyqtyryp túrudyng qiyndyghy el ishindegi aqsha qúnynyng basyna salmaq bolyp týsti. Osylaysha qoldan jasalghan qún úzaq shydas bere almauda!
Endeshe, nege búnday qarama-qarsy qayshylyq tuyndady jәne qara halyqqa qanday kelensizdikter tudyrdy? Búl turaly qytaydaghy «Kýltegin portalynda» «halyq aqshasy qayda aparady?» degen atpen maqala jazghan qandasymyz Akuding saraptamasyna qarap kóreyik:
Aku: «Ýkimet halyq aqshasyn shamadan tys kóbeytip basyp taratyp (taratylghan aqshada jasyrynghan baj ýlesi bolady - aud.), halyqtyng baylyghyn sýliktey sordy. Shyndyghynda, halyq aqshasynyng shynayy satyp alu quaty tótenshe әlsiz. Eger Qytay ýkimeti shetel qarjysyna ýsteme paydalyq qúndy kýshine qaldyratyn bolsa, qytay aqshasy kózdi ashyp-júmghansha kýrt qúldyraytyn bolady. Endeshe, osyghúrly kóp basylyp taratylghan aqshany ýkimet qalay sinirip kete alady dep oilaysyz? Ýkimet búl orasan zor aqshany el ishi bazarynda ýi-qúrylys arqyly halyq moynyna audaryp ketip jatyr. Qytayda halyq aqshasy tek aqsha ghana emes,baylyqty qaytalay ýleske salatyn qúral bolyp tabylady. Halyq aqshasyn joghary mejeleu qoghamdyq baylyqty tez arada qarjy salasynyng sanauly ghana iyelenushilerine tabystap berdi. Jaghday asa auyr, halyq aqshasynyng qalpysyz baghalanuy Qytayda qysqa uaqyt ishinde shirigen baylardy tudyrdy, әri talan-tarajgha týsken qalyng jarly-jaqpaylardy da jaryqqa shyghardy» - deydi.
Taghy bir derek, juyqta AQSh Wharton Business Schoo doktory, qazir Gankong qytay tili uniyversiytetinin professory bolyp júmys isteytin Lang Shianping myrzanyng «Qytay ekonomikasy eng qatarli kezenge tap boldy» degen kitaby shyghyp, el ishinde ýlken dýmpu tudyrdy. 2012 jyly mamyrda Qytay Shyghys baspasynda basylghan búl kitapta jogharydaghy mәseleler keninen talqylanyp, pikirtalas tudyrdy. Tipti keybir azamattar elge tóngen apat boluy mýmkin dep qauiptenip otyr. Sebebi: «Qytayda kóptegen shetel kompaniyalary júmys isteydi, al olarda júmys jasaytyn qytaylardyng júmys uaqyty úzaq, jalaqysy mardymsyz. Búl qytaylardyng shetel investorlaryna qúldanuyn keltirip otyr» - dep aiqaylaushylar da kóbeyip otyr. Al ýkimetting búl turaly әueni әli belgisiz, ony tek alda 18-kezekti Býkilqytaylyq Halyq Ókilderi Qúryltayynan keyin biletin bolamyz.
«Abai.kz»
Paydalanghan materialdar:
1. http://baike.baidu.com/view/8532188.htm
2. http://www.kultegin.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=31631
3. 书名:中国经济到了最危险的边缘. 作者:郎咸平. ISBN:9787506044653.出版社:东方出版社. 2012年4月(osy kitaptan ýzindiler)