Qytaydan tabylghan "Jeti qaghan" dastany haqynda birer sóz

"Egemen Qazaqstan" gazetining 1995 jylghy 28 shilde kýngi "Manas" eposynyng myng jyldyghyna arnalghan merekelik sanynda "Qazaqtyng jeti qaghany" degen taqyryppen "Qyrghyz tuuy" gazetining tilshisi Tólen Nasirdintegining arnayy "Egemen Qazaqstan" ýshin әzirlegen maqalasy jariyalandy. Onda osy toydyng qúrmetti qonaghy, qazaqtyng "Jeti qaghan" atty dastanyn jyrlaushy, egiz elding shejireshisi, Qytayda túratyn manasshy Jýsip Mamaymen tanys bolynyz dey kelip, onyng enbekterine jan-jaqty toqtalady. Ásirese, onyng qazaq halqy ýshin istegen enbegine joghary bagha beredi.

Qytaydan tabylghan "Jeti qaghan" dastany haqynda birer sóz

"Egemen Qazaqstan" gazetining 1995 jylghy 28 shilde kýngi "Manas" eposynyng myng jyldyghyna arnalghan merekelik sanynda "Qazaqtyng jeti qaghany" degen taqyryppen "Qyrghyz tuuy" gazetining tilshisi Tólen Nasirdintegining arnayy "Egemen Qazaqstan" ýshin әzirlegen maqalasy jariyalandy. Onda osy toydyng qúrmetti qonaghy, qazaqtyng "Jeti qaghan" atty dastanyn jyrlaushy, egiz elding shejireshisi, Qytayda túratyn manasshy Jýsip Mamaymen tanys bolynyz dey kelip, onyng enbekterine jan-jaqty toqtalady. Ásirese, onyng qazaq halqy ýshin istegen enbegine joghary bagha beredi.

"Qyrghyzdyng molda Qylysh degen ataqty aqyny bolghan. 30-jyldarda "halyq jauy" atanyp, qughyn kórip, shygharmalaryna tyiym salynghan. Sodan aqynnyng apasy (әsili inisi - T.Z.) Mamyrhan Qytay jaqtaghy qyrghyzdargha jasyryp ótip, onyng qoljazbalaryn, kitaptaryn Balbaygha senip tapsyrady. Sol tәbәrikterding arasynda molda Qylyshtyng qazaqtyng jeti qaghany  turaly jinaghan derekteri de úshyrasady. Átten, otyzynshy jyldarda shekara asyp aman saqtalghan múra endi 1868 jyly Qytaydaghy mәdeny revolusiya túsynda Balbaydyng ýiinen tartyp alynyp, týgeldey hýnbeybinder otynda órtenip kete barady. Manasshy Jýsip endi sol jazbalardan esinde qalghandary negizinde "Qazaqtyng jeti qaghany" atty dastan jazyp, alghashqy kitabyn arap әrpimen basyp shyghardy. Shynjanda qazaq tiline audaryldy. Ekinshi, ýshinshi kitabyn ayaqtap, tórtinshisine kirispek oida "Búl shejire tek qytay elinde emes, jalpy qazaq júrty oqyp susyndar, tarihty tolyqtyrugha septigi tiyer dýnie dep oilaymyz" delingen maqalada.

"Qazaqtyng jeti qaghany"

Tarih qoynauynda ejelden bergi ósip, bite qaynasqan, tili, dili, taghdyry ortaq qazaq pen qyrghyzdyng әdebiyeti men mәdeniyeti de ózara toghysyp, birin-biri tolyqtyryp, zamannyng býgingi kemel shaghyna deyin sol qalpynda qatar damyp kele jatqany belgili. Sonyng bir jandy aighaghy - auyz әdebiyetindegi toghysuy. Bir kezderi "Er tóstik", "Qyz Jibek" siyaqty qissa-dastandar halqynyng arasyna da keng taraghan edi. Al qyrghyzdyng "Manas" eposy arqyly qazaq halqy sonau Enesay boyynan órbip-óngen, týbi bir tuysqan halyqtyng bay tarihyn, ejelgi túrmys-tirshiligin ghasyrlar kenistiginen qaytalap kórgendey boldy. "Manas" jyryn tyndap otyryp, qúddy "Qobylandy", "Alpamys" jyrlaryn oqyp otyrghanday, ondaghy keyipkerlerdi, túrmys-salttardy, batyrlyq ýrdisterdi esh jatyrqausyz qabylday bergenimiz de sondyqtan shyghar.

"Jeti qaghan" - Qytayda túratyn qyrghyz halqynyng ataqty manasshysy Jýsip Mamay búrynghy hatqa týsken núsqa negizinde janghyrtyp aityp bergen qazaq halqynyng erte zamannan qalghan batyrlyq dastany.

Onda birinen-biri úrpaq jalghaghan qazaqtyng jeti birdey qaghanynyng (Qyzyl Arystan nemese Týktaban, Mәlik Qatam, Múhammed Binni, Mәlik Zat, Bidayyq, Múzbúrshaq, Aqquaq) erlik isteri sóz bolady. Dastandaghy basty bir erekshelik - onda sóz bolatyn qazaqtyng ýisin, qypshaq, kerey tektes taypalary Ámudariya men Syrdariyanyng arasyndaghy bayyrghy Jiydeli-Baysyn ólkesinde jәne oghan kórshiles aimaqtarda ómir sýredi. 1993 jyly Shynjang halyq baspasynan arab әrpimen jaryq kórgen "Jeti qaghannyn" "Arystan han" (Týktaban) atty birinshi bóliminde erte kezde, Samarqan jerinde qazaqtyng ýisin, qypshaq taypalary biylik jýrgizip túrghany bayandalady. Olardyng basshysy Qartang hannyng súlu toqaly Jezmanday nәpsi quyp, Qojend hany Miyanmen kónil qosady. Sonyng kesirinen Qojend pen Samarqan arasynda eges tuyp, arty ýlken qaqtyghysqa ainalady. Eki jaqtan da shyghyn kóbeye beredi. Búl egesting arty Samarqangha tiyimsiz bolghan shaqta, balyqshy Qúnttyng әieli Aqkórpe Jәiilden tughan úly Týktaban Qojend batyrlaryn qangha bóktiredi. Búl jenisten keyin ensesi qayta kóterilgen Qartang han oghan "Arystan batyr" degen at berip, búrynghy uәdesi boyynsha ony óz taghyna otyrghyzbaq bolady. Biraq Arystan batyr taq pen tәjge qyzyqpaydy. Auylyna baryp, әke-sheshesining qasynda túra beredi.

Nәpsi qughan Jezmanday endigi jerde bala batyr Arystangha qúmartady, qaytken kýnde de ony óz qolyna qondyrudyng qamynda bolady. Bar pәle osydan tuyndap, aqyr ayaghynda Arystan batyr zyndangha týsedi. Biraq, isting aq-qarasy belgili bolghanda Jezmanday nókerin ertip, Balyq shaharyndaghy әkesi Mamyr Halpanyng qasyna qashyp ketedi. Mamyr Halpa kóp әskerimen kelip, Arystan batyrdyng qolynan jenilip qaytady. Búrynnan tatu, berekeli eki el búl qaqtyghysty qozdyrghan Jezmanday ekendigin alghashynda bilmeydi. Sonymen Balyq, Badaqshan, Búhar handary birlesip Samarqangha jaza joryghyn jasamaq bolady. Arystan batyr olardyng betke ústar batyrlarymen jekpe-jekke shyghyp, bәrin derlik jenedi. Alayda jenilgen batyrlardyng kóbin óltirmey qoya beredi. Búl jaghday sol elderde Arystan batyrgha degen qúrmetting oyanuyna septigin tiygizedi. El basshylary men batyr-baghlandar Arystannyng ózderimen týpkilikti jau emes ekendigin týsinedi. Aqyry birneshe úlysty egeske salghan sayqal әiel - Jazmandaydyng әreketi әshkerelenedi. Oqighanyng sonynda jogharyda atalghan úlystar týgelimen Arystan batyr jaqqa ótip, Miyan hangha erip Qojendke qashyp bara jatqan Jezmandaydy Qartang han óz qolymen óltiredi. El basynan jaugershilikting súrqay túmany aiyghyp, mamyrajay zaman ornaydy.

Dastannyng songhy bólimderining mazmúny turaly manasshy Jýsip bylay deydi: "Týktabannan (Qyzyl Arystannan) Qatam degen bala bolghan. Ákesining ornyna handyqqa otyrghanda Mәlik (parsysha qaghan - han degen úghymdy bildiredi) Qatam dep atalghan. Mәlik Qatamnan Erzat degen bir bala bolghan. Ákesining ornyna otyrghanda Mәlik Zat dep atalghan. Syrtqy elder ony "Nabirahy Qyzyl Arystan qazaq qaghan Mәlik Zat" dep ataghan. Mәlik Zattan Ibn Múhammed degen bir bala bolghan, múny "Nabirahy Qyzyl Arystan han qazaq han Ibn Múhammed" dep ataghan. Múhammed әkesining ornyna otyrghanda bireu oghan bauyrynda jalghyz ayaghy, qaq mandayynda jalghyz kózi bar, synar qanatty alyp qús әkelip bergen eken. Múny kórgen elder: "Búl qanattylardyng patshasy, qús tóresi Bidayyq eken" desken. Sol kýni Múhammedting әieli bosanyp, úl tabady. Mәlik Zattyng barlyq júmysyn atqaratyn Jabash deytin qariya bolypty. Mәlik Zat dýniyeden óterde Múhammedke: "Balam, sen qanday kezde bolmasyn Jabash qarttyng aitqanyn orynda, onyng aqylymen bol", dep tapsyryp ketipti. Álgi qústy kórgen Jabash Múhammedke: "Balam, úlyna osy qústyng atyn qoy, aty Bidayyq bolsyn, onan song qústy shahardyng shetine alyp baryp, bet alghan jaghyna qoya berinder. Búl Bidayyq degen qús ústaghan adamnyng bauyr etin jemey qolgha kónbeydi, úshqanda qanatynyng zuylyn estigen hayuanattar tegis qyrylyp qalady. Ony qoya bergen kezde ózing de basy-qasynda bolyp qarap túr, ol qay jerge baryp qonsa, biz de sol mangha baryp qonystanayyq", - deydi. Múhammed qústy shahar shetine aparyp qoya beredi, qús tura egistikti betke alyp úshyp ketedi. Múhammedting balasy Bidayyq erjetip, qaghan bolghan kezde sayat-seruen qúryp jýrip, qazirgi Almatygha kelip, ymyrt týsip ketkesin bir týp alma aghashynyng týbine erin jastanyp týneydi. Bir kezde әkesi qoya bergen qús týsine kirip, oghan adamsha til qatyp býy deydi: "Sen Nabirahy Qyzyl Arystan qazaq han Mәlik Zattyng balasy Múhammedting úlysyn, atyng mening atymmen birdey. Mening bauyrymda jalghyz ayaghym, mandayymda jalghyz kózim bar. Samarqan saghan týbegeyli qonys bolmaydy. Ol búryn Taq Sýleymen, Eskendir, Jamshidterden qalghan. Búdan keyin de birde onyn, birde múnyng ilkine ótip túrady. Sen tamam úlysynmen kelip, osy jerdi mekende, búl mekenning aty Alma Ata bolsyn".

Múny estigen Bidayyq Samarqannan Alma Atagha kóship keledi. Samarqan Manastyng әkesi Jaqyptyng qolyna ótedi. Keyin Manas Talasqa kelgende, Samarqan jeri ilgerindi-keyindi parsy, ózbek, qara shapan, deshti qypshaq, ermenderding qol astyna qaraydy.

Alma Atagha kelip qonystanghasyn bir kýni bireu Bidayyq hangha býrkitting balapanyn әkelip: "Han taqsyr, Alataudyng múzart biyigine, jaltyr múzdyng jaqparyna býrkit úya salypty. Myna balapandy sol jerden әkeldim. Múny múzgha tughan "múz múrt" deydi eken. Áulie Jabashtyng nemeresi Aqyltay sheshenge aparyp edim: "Sen múny Bidayyq hangha apar" dedi, sodan song sizge әkelip túrmyn" deydi. Dәl osy kezde Bidayyqtyng әieli Núsqa úl tauyp, onyng atyn Múzbúrshaq qoyady.

Múzbúrshaq Bidayyqtyng ornyna qaghan bolghan kezde bir qyz ómirge keledi de, onyng atyn Aqquaq qody. Áyeli odan ózge bara kótermeydi. Sol qyz on eki jasqa kelgende ony býii shaghyp óledi. Sol jyly búdan keyin Múzbúrshaqtyng әieli Kókey ekiqabat bolyp, bir úl bala tuady. Múzbúrshaq qyzymdy eske alyp jýreyin dep onyng atyn da Aqquaq qoyady.

Manasshy Jýsip Mamaydyng óz sózimen aitqanda, "Jeti qaghannyn" qysqasha mәn-jayy osylay. Olardyng el qorghaghan erlikteri, jeke basynyng jaghdayy turaly dastannyng ózinde tolyghyraq sóz bolady.

Osy arada bir aita ketetin jayt, 1993 jyly Qazaqstangha qonys audarudan búryn men ShUAR últ isteri komiytetining qúzyryndaghy az últtardyng kóne shygharmalaryn jinau, retteu jәne bastyrugha jetekshilik etu kenesinde júmys istedim. 1989 jyly jazda tarihshy-ghalym Nyghmet Mynjanúly maghan Ýrimji qalasynda túratyn manasshy Jýsip Mamaydyng qazaqtyng bir-birimen úrpaq jalghaghan jeti qaghany turaly kólemdi tarihy jyrdy jatqa biletindigi turaly aitqan edi. Búl habargha bәrimiz eleng ete qaldyq.

Óitkeni, osynshama kólemdi dýnie búryn qayda jýrgen? Kim jyrlaghan? Ol qalaysha qyrghyzdardyng arasynda saqtalyp qalghan degen siyaqty saualdar órip shygha keldi. Nege deseniz, ghylymda dәldik, shyndyq basty orynda túruy kerek.

Sózding qysqasy, maghan Jýsip Mamaymen jaqyn aralasyp, dastangha baylanysty derekterdi tәptishtey úghyp-biluge tura keldi. Búl orayda tarihshy ghalym Nyghmet Mynjanúly men Shynjang pedinstitutynyng rektory, professor Áuelhan Qaliyúly aqyl-kenesin ayaghan joq.

Manasshy Jýsip Mamay

Býginge deyin birsypyra elder qyrghyz halqynyng kórkem poetikalyq shejiresi "Manas" jyry tek Alatau qyrghyzdarynyng arasynda ghana keninen taralghan dep esepteydi. Saghymbay Orazbekúly, Sayaqbay Qaralaúly syndy manasshylar Alatau aimaghynda ómir sýrgeni, "Manastyn" qaynary Alatau qyrghyzdarynyng arasynda jatqany aqiqat. Dey túrghanmen, qyrghyz elining últtyq maqtanyshy - "Manastyn" epikalyq bolmysyn jәne qyrghyz elining tarihy túrmysy men mәdeniyetin tútas qamtyghan "Manas" epopeyasynyng taghy bir jana núsqasy Qytaygha qarasty Shynjang úighyr avtonomiyaly ólkesining Qyzylsu qyrghyz avtonomiyaly oblysynda túratyn qyrghyzdar arasynan jinaqtaldy. Qytaydaghy 130 myng qyrghyzdyng 110 myny atalghan oblysty mekendegen. Olardyng óz baspasózi, ghylymy mekemeleri bar. 1961 jyldan bastap Qytay oqymystylary tarapynan "Manas" eposyna qyzyghushylyq bayqalyp, Qyzylsu qyrghyz avtonomiyaly oblysynda "Manasty" jinau maqsatynda arnayy ekspedisiya jasaqtaldy. Keyin elde "Manasty" zertteu qoghamy qúrylyp, 90 manasshynyng aty belgili boldy. Olardyng arasynda Manastyng ata-babalary Tógeyhan, Kóbeyhan, Janbyrshy, Shayanhan, Shoyhan, Bóneyhan batyrlardy jeke dastan etip jyrlaytyn 52 jastaghy Satybaldy Aalynyng ataghy elge әigili. Alayda, ondaghy manasshylardyng eng ýzdigi Jýsip Mamay ekeni anyq. Ol 1918 jyly Qyzylsu qyrghyz avtonomiyaly oblysyna qarasty Aqshy audanynyng Qarabúlaq auylynda (Qonyróleng degen jerinde) tughan. Qyrghyzdyng sherik taypasynyng mayda degen ruynyng qyzyl әuletinen. Ol jastayynan óner-bilimge jaqyn bolghan. Óz kezinde auylbasy bolghan әkesi Dengelek auqatty kisi bolypty. Jýsip Mamay sol bala kezinde auyl moldasynan oqyp, sauatyn erte ashady. Keyin Úshtúrpanda oqysa, densaulyghyna baylanysty odan qol ýzedi. Balasynyng bilimge beyimdiligin bayqaghan әkesi Qashqar shaharyna barghan sayyn týrli kitaptar satyp әkelip berip túrady. Sonday-aq, Kenes Odaghynyng Tashkent, Qazan tektes qalalarynan shyghatyn gazet-jurnaldardy da kirekeshterge tapsyryp, aldyrtyp túrady. Kishkentay Jýsip kelimdi-ketimdi kisilerding sózine de kóp den qoyyp jýredi. Sheshesi Buyryl sózge sheshen, qissa-dastandardy kóp aitatyn kisi eken.

Ata-ananyng mәueli tәrbiyesi jәne ózindegi asqan úghymtaldyq arqasynda ol sol kezden bastap, segiz úrpaq "Manas", "Qúrmanbek", "Tóstik" (Er Tóstik), "Baghysh", "Janyl myrza", "Kóben", "Mәmeke Shopaq", "Qyz Jibek" tektes qissa-dastandardy jiyn-toyda sarnatyp aityp jýredi. Býginde jasy 90-gha tayaghan qúima qúlaq qart atalghan qissa-dastandardan basqa "Ábu Mýsilim Marusiy", "Súltan Seytbattal qajy", "Rýstem-Dastan", "Shahar dәruish", (tórt dәruish), "Jýsip-Zyliha", "Hissasúl әnbiye" (Áuliye-әnbiyeler shejiresi), "Eskendir Zúlqarnayyn", "Alpamys", "Bozjigit" tektes jyr-hikayattardy da jatqa biledi.

Jýsip Mamay auylynda alghash qúrylghan janasha mektepter tarih pen til-әdebiyetten sabaq beredi. Qytaydaghy mәdeny revolusiya ayaqtalyp, el es jinaghanda ony Ýrimjige shaqyryp, "Manas" dastanyn jazyp alady. Jyrdyng 18 kitabynyng Shynjanda arab әrpimen 15 kitaby basylyp shyqty. Onyng bayandauyndaghy "Manastyn" alghashqy tomdary Bishkekte kirillisa tanbasymen jariyalandy. Jýsip Mamay Manastan bastap, onyng úrpaqtary Semetey, Seytek, Keneniym, Seyit, Asylbas, Sombilek, Shigiytey turaly segiz úrpaqtyng tarihyn bayandaydy.

"Jeti qaghannyn" avtory

Jýsip Mamaydyng aitqan derekterine sýiensek, ol búl dastandy alghashynda Mamyrhan molda degen kisining qolynan (qazaq tilindegi núsqasyn qyrghyz tiline qoljazba kýiinde ólenmen audarghan)alyp oqyghan. Mamyrhan molda Jýsip Mamaydyng aghasy Balbaydyng qayyn atasy eken. Búl turaly Jýsip Mamaydyng óz qolymen jazghan deregi bylay: "Búryn Qazan shaharyndaghy Shәmsiyden degen jesir әielding baspahanasynda eki qazaq oqymystysy - Shayqy Islam, Shayqy Jýsip (búl arada Jýsip Mamay Jýsipbek Shayhislamúlyn aityp otyruy mýmkin) degender túrypty. Solardyng qasynda Qylysh molda degen qyrghyz moldasy da bolypty. Arab әdebiyetinen "Salsal", "Zarqúm", "Dәshtiger bala" siyaqty qissalardy Shayqy Islam, Shayqy Jýsip qazaq tiline ólenmen audarypty. Búl shygharmalar sol kezding ózinde baspadan shyqqan emes. Qylysh molda "Samarqan qazaqtary" atty qissada arabtarmen aralasyp ketken Mәlik Qatam, Mәlik Zat, Múhammed Mәlik Zat degen qazaq qaghandarynyng attaryn bólek jazady. Shayhy Islam, Shayqy Jýsipterding qolynan alyp Bidayyq, Múzbúrshaq, Aqquaq qaghandardyng ómirin de әdebiyetke ainaldyrady, biraq baspagha bere almaydy. 1916 jylghy ýlken ýrkinde qashyp kelgenderding ishindegi Mamyrhan moldanyng qyzy Gýljamaldy (keyin Zina dep te atalyp ketken) mening agham Balbay aldy. 1925 jyly Mamyrhan sol qyzyna amandasa kelip: "Agham Qylysh molda qaytys boldy, búl kitaptardyng ol jaqta taraluyna jol qalmady" dep agham Balbaygha kóp kitaptar әkelip berdi. Men "Manasty" jattap jýrgen kezimde agham Balbay: "Inim, shamang kelse qazaq dastandaryn da jattay jýr. Manas bolsa qyrghyzdyng óz atasy, ony әrkim óz әlinshe biledi. Basqanikin bilu bәrinen zәru" degen edi. Sonymen qazaq dastandaryn jattaugha zauqym sogha bastady da, Qylysh molda qyrghyz tiline audarghan dastandardy oqugha kiristim. Jeti qaghan atalghan Qylysh moldanyng qoljazbasynda "týgel qazaq qaghandary" dep naq jazylghan. Búl qoljazba mening qolymda 1968 jylgha deyin saqtalyp keldi".

Jýsip Mamaydyng búl sózderine sýiensek, "Jeti qaghan" dastanynyng alghashqy bólimderine qatysty derekterdi Qylysh molda arab әdebiyetinen jinaghangha úqsaydy. Keyin ol oghan jeliles (úrpaqtas) qaghandargha (Bidayyq, Múzbúrshaq, Aqquaqtargha) baylanysty derekterdi Shayqy Islam, Shayqy Jýsipterden alyp, bәrining basyn qúryp, qyrghyz tiline ólenmen audaryp shyqqan. Soghan qaraghanda, "Jeti qaghan" dastanynyng jaryqqa shyghuynda Qylysh moldanyng enbegi airyqsha bolghan. Ony osy dastannyng avtory deuge de bolady. Al Shayqy Islam, Shayqy Jýsipterding de enbegin joqqa shygharugha bolmaydy. Olar ózderi jazghan "Jeti qaghangha" baylanysty derekterdi, anyz-әngimelerdi týgelimen Qylysh moldagha bergen.

Qylysh moldanyng tughan jeri Qyrghyzstannyng Naryn qalasy, Qoshqar audany. Jýsip Mamay onyng Shayqy Islam, Shayqy Jýsiptermen birge qyzmettes bolghan kezin mólshermen 1850-1900 jyldardyng arasy boluy kerek dep túspaldaydy. Qylysh molda Reseyding otarlau sayasatyna qarsy bolghandyqtan, 1915 jyly patsha ýkimeti jandaraldarynyng qolynan qaza tabady. Qylysh molda turaly búl derekterdi Jýsip Mamay maghan 1990 jyldyng sәuir aiynda әngimelep bergen edi. 1993 jyly Qazaqstangha kóship kelgennen keyin qyrghyzstandyq professor Huseyn Qarasaevtyng "Múhtasar tarih Qyrghyziya jәne onyng avtory" degen maqalasy qolyma týsti. Avtor ol maqalasynda bir kezderi Qazan baspasynan shyqqan Osmanәli Syzdyqúlynyng "Múhtasar tarih Qyrghyziyasy" men "Tarih qyrghyz Shadmaniya" atty enbekterin shaghatay jazuynan rettep kóshirip shyqqandary turaly aita kelip, Qylysh moldagha qatysty mynaday derekter beredi:

"...Osy kitapqa baylanysty búdan birneshe jyl búryn shyqqan shygharmalar jóninde de mәlimet bere keteyin... Búl mәlimet esh jerde jazylmaghan jәne eshbir oqymysty da ony bilmeydi".

"Qyssa-iy-zilzala", jazushy molda Qylysh Tóregeldiyn. Qazan. 1911 jyl. Haq Mәsuliyaty (baspa úqyghy) IYshenaly Arabaevte.

Qylyshtyng búl "Zilzalasyn" oqyghan әdebiyetshi ne tarihshy joq derlik. Búl da arab tanbasymen Qazanda shyqqandyqtan, onyng emlesi de әbden bas qatyrarlyqtay. Kóp sózder búzylyp basylghan...

Osy arada bir aita ketetin jayt, professor Huseyn Qarasaev bir kezderi Qazan muzeyinen qyrghyz halqynyng әdebiy-tarihy múraghattary turaly kóptegen mәlimetter toptaghan. Biraq olardyng kóbin kózben kórip, qolmen ústaugha mýmkindik bolmaghan. Dey túrghanmen, onyng Qylysh molda turaly tapqan mәlimeti Qytayda jatqan Jýsip Mamaydyng aitqan derekterin tolyqtaydy. Qylysh molda Mamyrhan moldanyng aghasy, al Mamyrhan qyzyn Jýsip Mamaydyng aghasy Balbaygha bergen. Sondyqtan Jýsip Mamay Qylysh moldany jeke tuystyq qatynas arqyly biledi. Endi mine, professor Huseyn Qarasaevtyng zertteui arqasynda Alatau qyrghyzdary da Qylysh moldanyng kim ekendigin biletin boldy. Jýsip Mamay Qylysh moldanyng jogharyda atalghan enbekterinen basqa arab ertegilerinen alyp, naziralyq jolmen janghyrtyp jyrlaghan "Imam ady shah zinda" (Aqyr zaman patshasy) degen enbegining de bolghandyghyn aitady. Biraq ol kisi Qylysh moldanyng "Imamidy shah zinda" men "Jeti qaghan" atty enbekterinen basqasyn bilmeytin.

Qorytyp aitqanda, Qylysh molda óz kezeginde kópti kórgen, birtalay tildi jetik mengergen, aqyndyghyna qosa ghalymdyghy da bar iri oqymysty bolghan. Ol "Jeti qaghan" dastanyn ómirining songhy kezinde qyrghyz halqynyng baghzydan kele jatqan epostyq ýlgisine salyp janghyrtyp jazghan. Biraq baspagha beruge ýlgermey, inisi Mamyrhangha tabystaghan. Mamyrhan molda keyin Qytaygha qyzyn  kórgeli barghanda qoljazbany ala baryp, ony qúda balasy Jýsip Mamaygha bergen. Ókinishke oray, sol qoljazba Qytaydaghy mәdeny revolusiya túsynda 84 núsqa qoljazba jәne basqa kitaptardyng qatarynda órtelgeni jóninde jogharyda aitqanbyz. Osy kitaptardyng ishinde әlemge mәshhýr tarihy shygharma - "Hamzúl Álem" de (Týrkiyada basylghan, topan su dәuirinen tartyp, 1840 jylgha deyingi tarihty bayandaytyn alty tomdyq tarihy shygharma) bar edi deydi Jýsip Mamay.

Dastannyng qúrylysy men tili

Qazirge deyin atalmysh dastannyng "Arystan han" dep atalatyn birinshi bólimi 1994 jyly Shynjanda jaryq kórdi. Onyng ózi 14 myng joldan asatyn iri dýniye. Dastannyng jaryq kóruine qytay qazaqtarynyng mandayaldy ziyaly azamattary - tarihshy-ghalym, marqúm Nyghmet Mynjanúly men professor Súltan Janbolattyng jәrdemi kóp bolghandyghyn aita ketu oryndy dep sanaymyn.

Kitapty baspagha ótkizu qarsanynda ShUAR ýgit-nasihat basqarmasy tarapynan sayasy maqsatta keybir týzetuler jasaldy, týrki tarihyna baylanysty sóilemder, better alyp tastaldy. Biraq, biz osynau qaltarysta qalghan halyq múrasynyng erterek jaryq kóruine quandyq. Dastannyng sayasy súryptaudan ótip, qysqartylghan nemese ózgertilgen jerleri keyingi basylymdarynda týzetimdi dep senemin. "Jeti qaghan" jyrynyng birinshi bólimi sanalatyn "Arystan han" dastanynyng kórkemdik sheshimi nәrli, tili batyrlar jyrynyng ýlgisinde. Jyrdyng әr joly jeti-segiz buyndy bolyp keledi. Óleng úiqastary da әr oidyng tiyanaghyna qaray birynghay. Dastandy qyrghyz tilinen audaru barysynda jyrdyng әuelgi sarynyna, úiqastaryna kónil bólingen. Sonday-aq, jer, su, adam attaryna, tarihy ataulargha kitap sonynda týsinik jasalady. Oqyrmandardyng kitapty oquyna qolayly boluy ýshin dastan birneshe taqyrypshalargha bólingen. Biraq jyrdyng әuelgi ýrdisine basa nazar audaryluy nәtiyjesinde audarma núsqasynyng kórkemdik sapasy dittegen dengeyge jetpey qalghandyghyn da jasyrudyng qajeti joq. Sondyqtan kelesi basylymda búl jaghyna úqypty qaraghan jón siyaqty.

Dastan oqighalarynyng shyghu tarihyn, onyng qazaq auyz әdebiyetimen qatysyn, sonday-aq dastannyng qalay jaryqqa shyqqandyghyn jәne onyng avtoryna qatysty jaylardy ghalymdarymyz әri qaray zerttey jatar degen oidamyn.

Sóz sonynda, el ertenin oilaytyn qaltaly azamattardyng dastannyng alghashqy bólimderining kirillisa tanbasymen qara shanyraq  - Qazaqstanda jaryq kóruine qol úshyn beruin ótiner edim. "Jeti qaghan" - qazaq auyz әdebiyetining altyn qoryna qosylghan qomaqty qazyna, baghaly baylyq.

Túrsynhan ZÁKENÚLY,
S.Amanjolov atyndaghy Shyghys Qazaqstan memlekettik uniyversiytetining oqytushysy,
tarih ghylymdarynyng kandidaty.

28 shilde, 2004 jyl

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