Au, qyzghysh qús, qyzghysh qús!
El qorghany men edim.
Men de airyldym elimnen;
Kól qorghany sen edin,
Sen de airyldyng kólinnen.
Aspanda úshqan qyzghysh qús!

Ereuli atqa er salmay,
Egeuli nayza qolgha almay,
Enku-enku jer shalmay,
Qonyr salqyn tóske almay,
Qúbylany tórtkýl ongha almay
Tebingi terge shirimey,
Terligi mayday erimey,
Alty malta as bolmay,
Ózinnen tughan jas bala
Saqaly shyghyp jat bolmay,
Erlerding isi biter me?!

M. Ótemis

Qazaq handyghy ydyraghan song qúryghy úzyn, qúlashy keng eki alyp imperya shamasyna qaray Qazaq jerin bóliske saldy. Basqa noqta týsip, ayaqqa shider salynghan song ózgening qabaghyna qarap, ógeyding kýnin qeshken últ endigi shyghar joldy ghylym, bilimnen izdedi. Sol jolda serkeleri bastap, qosshylary qostap bastaryn bәigege tikti. «Qú tolaghay jastanyp, etigimen su keship jýrip» eline ese-tendik súrady. Sol ýshin de Qazaq tarihynda sýiekterining qayda qalghany belgisiz, istegen isi men kórsetken ónegesi  eskerusiz, atausyz qalghan túlghalar az emes. Sol bozdaqtardyng biri, biri ghana emes biregeyi Janbolat Sórtiúly edi.

Aghasy bardyng jaghasy bar

Janbolat Sórtiúlynyng atasy Qoykeldi Qojaghúlúly torqaly toy, topyraqty ólimde topqa týsip sóz bastaytyn, danqy men daqpyrty alys-jaqyn ru-úlysqa taraghan bilikti kisilerding biri eken. Ákesi Sórti ghúmyrynda eki әiel alyp, bәibisheden bes úl, toqaldan bes úl sýiip, el arasynda atanyng danqy, úrpaqtyng iriligi men tirligining arqasynda «juan on sórti» atanypty. Ilege qyzaylar kelip irge tebe bastaghanda qazirgi Shynjanda junghar taypalarynyng yqpaly kemy qoymaghan. Sudyng basy, jerding shúraylysy solardyng qolynda bolatyn. Áueli Nylqygha qonys shalyp, damyldaghan Sórti bala-shaghasyn asyrau ýshin etikshilikpen ainalysyp, Monghulsha saptama etik, at әbzelderin tigip, Monghul aqsýiekterine qozyly qoy, búzauly siyr, laqty eshkige aiyrbastap otyrady. Ekinshi úly Sherinjap dayar ónimdi naryqqa shygharumen birge, óndiriske qajetti shiykizattardy tolyqtaumen ainalyssa, ýlken úly Keshil (Ómirbek) el isine aralasyp, atqa minedi. Týgin tartsang may shyghatyn jer jannaty Jetisudyng ór angharynan oiyp oryn alghan, ashy ter men qol ónerge arqa sýiegen búl әulet kóp ótpey auqattylar qataryna qosylyp, ishterinen qajylyq paryzyn ótep,  meshit-medirse salghan kisiler shyghady. Alys-jaqynnan ahun-moldalardy attay qalap elderine alyp kelip, balalarynyng sauatyn ashyp, qara tanytady.

Keyipkerimizding ýlken aghasy Sherinjap zәngi (jýzbasy) bolsa, taghy bir aghasy Darubay Sórtiúly aqalaqshy (mynbasy) bolyp, el biyleydi. Keyin Shyng Shysaydyng «alty sayasaty» kezinde ólkelik Qazaq-qyrghyz úiymynyng jorasy, ólkelik parlamentting mýshesi bolyp saylanady. Aghasy Keshilding (Ómirbektin) aghartu júmystaryn el isine erkin aralasyp, yqpaly keneyip, abyroy-bedeli ósken Darubay jalghastyryp jana órege kóterdi. Áuletting atqa minerleri Qúlja qalasyndaghy Baytolla meshitimen tyghyz qarym-qatynasta bolyp, Beysenbi (Qyrghyz), Túrsynbay Álimahun, Saparghaly molla (tegi tatar) qatarly kisilerdi úsynyspen alyp kelip Múqyr, Jyrghalanda medrese ashady. Keyin aqalaqshy Darubay birinshi dýniyejýzi soghysynda soldatqa shaqyrudan qashyp, Ile ónirine kelip qonys  tepken Aqymetbek degen oqymystyny auylyna alyp kelip, balalaryn oqytady. Búl azamat bilim salasyna jәditizmdi alyp keledi, sonymen birge últ ústazy A. Baytúrsynovtyng tóte jazuymen shәkirtterine dәris ýiretedi. Osynday ortada eseyip-erjetip, el isine aralasqan Janbolat Sórtiýly aghasynyng tynysy ghana bolyp qoymay, Ile ónirine tanymal túlghagha ainalady.

Bilek pen bilimge teng jýgingen

1933 jyly «12-i sәuir tónkerisinen» keyin Shyng Shysay biylikke kelgende, oghan qarsy odaq qúrghan Ilening әskeriy-әkimshilik basshysy, general Chjang men dungenderding «bala generaly» Ma Kenes odaghynyng әskery aralasuymen jeniliske úshyrap, nәtiyjesinde Chjang ózin-ózi óltirip, «bala generaldyn» qaldyq kýshteri Ileni órlep, ontýstik Shynjangha qaray qashady. Jol boyy órtteu, tonau qalypty jaghdaygha ainalady, múny Qazaqtar jadynda «dungen ýrikken jyl» atady. Osy kezde Janbolat ainalasyna el ishindegi mergen, batyr jigitterdi jinap kýzet qoyady, qarapayym halyqty jol ótinen kóshirip, qorghanysty kýsheytedi. Shәushek baqty shekarasynan «aqtardyn» kiyimimen kirgen Kenes әskerine jol bastap, qanpezer jaudy júldyz asyryp jiberedi.

1935 jyly ólke ortalyghy Ýrimshide Qazaq, Qyrghyz, Monghul últtarynyng qúryltayy ótedi.  Qúryltaygha Ileden Darubay Sórtiúly, Maqsút Sasanúly, Áuelqan gung qatarly el aghalary baryp qatysady. Osy qúryltayda Darubay ólkelik ýkimet parlamenttining mýshesi, ólkelik Qazaq-qyrghyz úiymynyng jorasy bolyp saylanady. Al, Ilede qúrylghan Qazaq-qyrghyz úiymynyng tóraghasy Maqsút, orynbasary Jabyqbay aqalaqshy bolady. 1936 jyly Toghyztarau audanynda Qazaq-qyrghyz mәdeniyet-aghartu úiymy qúrylyp, tóraghasy Janbolat Sórtiúly, orynbasarlary bolyp Ábdiualy Jәiirbekúly, Mәlikajy Balghynbayúly saylanady. Ayta ketu kerek, ol zamanda aty atalghan úiymnyng qúzyryna mәdeniyet, bilim, densaulyq jәne sport salasynyng qúqyghy tolyq berilgen. Sonymen birge ontýstik shynjandaghy Yahupbekting jeti shәri memleketi qúlaghan son, general Ludyng úsynysymen Shynjang (jana shekara) degen ólke qúrylyp, býkil әskeriy-әkimshilik qúrylym ózgeriske úshyrap, ortalyq Qúljadan Ýrimshige kóshedi. 1888 jyly  Ile general mekemesi saqtalyp, ortalyghy Kýrege ornalasady. Osydan keyin Ile-Tarbaghatay aimaghy qúrylyp, ortalyghy Qúlja qalasy bolyp belgilenedi. Oghan qarasty Ile mekemesi, jyn, shәueshek – eki tóte qarasty mengerme resmy qúryldy. Mingo zamanynda Ile aimaghy qaytadan qúrylyp,  qúramyna Qúlja, Suydin, Buratala, Jyn, Toghyztarau-qas, Qorghas syndy alty audan, Tekes basqaru mekemesi (jarty audan) kirdi(1). Osy derekke negizdelsek, sol kezdegi Toghyztarau audanynyng aumaghyna qazirgi Kýnes, Nylqy, Shapshal audandary tolyq kiredi. Kemeline kelgen kezde osynday mýmkindikke qol jetkizgen J.Sórtiúly ayanbastan enbek etti. Aghalary bastaghan aghartu júmystaryn auyldyq, medireselik dengeyden kóterip, býkil Ile topyraghyn qamtyghan masshtabqa kóterdi. Ústazy Aqymetbek әbzy Qýljadaghy Qazaq-qyrghyz mәdeniyet-aghartu ýiymyna bilimge jauapty inspektor bolyp barghan son, barlyq kýsh-jigerin sapaly ústazdar qosynyn qalyptastyrugha júmsady. Qazirgi Qúlja audanynyng Jabyqbay aqalaqshy auylynda «túra asu kursyn», Tekes audanynyng qojanazar ruynyng Myshan manpang auylynda «qarajon kursyn» úiymdastyryp «dәris oqugha qazan tónkerisi jәne ashtyq kezinde auyp kelgen Sarajy, Tobahan, Núrqydyr, Qútbanbek, Jamaldiyn, Álqoja, Ákimqúl,  Asylbek, Zulqariya, Aytaqyn, Týnghatar siyaqty alash ziyalylaryn úsynys etedi (2).». 1946 jyly Ilening shyghys bes audanyndaghy múghalimderining bilim tolyqtyru kursyn Sórti әuletining ósip-ónip әbden kemeline kelgen kezinde Toghyztarau audanynyng Múqyr eldi mekeninde «baghystan» mektebinde saltanatpen ótkizedi. Ol kezde múnday әleumettik, mәdeny sharalardyng barlyq shyghyny el basqarghan iygi-jaqsylar men bay-baghlandardyng moynyna jýkteletin. Halyqtyng nazaryn ghylym men bilimge audaru ýshin Janbolat Sórtiúly aimaqtyq Qazaq-qyrghyz mәdeniyet-aghartu úiymymen birlese otyryp komisiya qúryp, Shapshal, Taldy, Araltóbe, Narattaghy janasha ashylghan mektepterdi aralap shyghyp, olardyng qarjylyq, úiymdyq mәselelerin tolyq sheship, simvoldyq maghynadaghy ataularmen atap shyghady. Sonymen kóshpeli qazaq ómirine baqstan, kógersin, agharsyn, gýlden, gýlstan, shynar degen mektepter janbyrdan songhy jauqazynday jamyrap shygha keledi.

Jana ómirding jarshysy

1944 jyly Nylqy ylastay kóterilisi bastalyp, partizandar Qúlja qalasyn qorshaugha alghanda, Janbolat ta myqty mergender men jaujýrek jigitterdi qasyna alyp, joryqqa attanyp, tәuelsizdik ýshin kýresting bel ortasynda jýrdi. Shyghys Týrkistan respublikasy qúrylghanda Toghyztarau audanynyng әkimi bolyp taghayyndalyp, ile-shala shyghys ýsh audandy negiz etip qúrylghan Toghyztarau atty polkyn jasaqtau júmysyna basshylyq etti. Ákim kensesinde әskerge qabyldau shtaby qúrylyp, Qúlja qalasyn azat etken partizandardan ýsh jýz jigitti iriktep alyp, qalghan 800 jigitti Nylqy, Kýnes, Toghyztarau syndy kórshi ýsh audannan 18-25 jas aralyghyndaghy azamattarmen tolyqtyrdy(3). Zaman talabyna say qarulanyp, qatang jattyghudan ótken polktyng kerekti minis aty men er-túrmanyn el ishinen jinap berdi.

1945 jyly jazda әkim Janbolat Sórtiúlynyng búiryghymen Toghyztarau audanynyng ortalyghy Tastóbeden kóship qazirgi ornyna kelip ornyqty. Býkil halyqtyng atsalysumen jataghy, ashanasy, qaqpa-qorghany bar on bólmeli mektep salyndy. Mine, búl san myndaghan shәkirtterdi úyasynan úshyrghan audandyq qazaq №1 orta mektep edi. Sodan keyin baryp audandyq әkimdik, astyq, bajy mekemeleri, meshit, klub qatarly әleumentik nysandar irkes-tirkes boy kóterdi. Sonymen birge Tekes ózeni men eki jyrghalang (kóldenen, shashy) ózenining toghysatyn tústarynan Qapshaghay kópiri, Kýnespen jalghasqan jerden Qazaq kópiri salyndy. Ár eldi mekende halyq demalatyn sayabaqtar ashyldy. Agharsyn auylynyng shetindegi demalys baghy men alma baq, Qosaghash kentindegi órik baghy osy jol avtorynyng әli esinde.

Halyq otyryqshylyqqa kóshkennen keyin atyz-aryq, su qúrlysy da nazardan tys qalghan joq. Ile genaral mekemesi kezinde ontýstikten kelgen taranshylargha qazdyrghan manjur, sibe kanaldary jәne Qazaq-monghuldar birlesip qazghan «sartoghan» kanaly janghyrtylyp, jóndelip qana qoymay, janadan may, jyrghalan, múqyr qatarly 7 kanal qazylyp, el iygiligine berildi. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde audan Shyghys Týrkistan uaqytsha ýkimetining aty zatyna say astyq qambasyna ainaldy. Osy enbekterining óteui әri halyqtyng alghysy men senimi bolar Jәkeng Ile aimaghy әkimining orynbasary bolyp jogharlap, sayasattaghy salmaghy artty.

Tar zamannyng soqpaghy

Shyghys Týrkistan respublikasynyng tóraghasy Álihan tóre bastaghan birneshe adamdy Kenes odaghynyng Qúljadaghy konsuldyghy jiyngha shaqyryp, artynan barymtalap ketken son, әri «11 tarmaqty bitim» boyynsha birikken ýkimet qúrylyp, «Shyghys Týrkistan respublikasy» degen atau ainalystan shyqqan son, tónkeris oshaghy bolyp tolyqtay tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizgen Ile, Tarbaghatay, Altayda narazylyqtar kýsheyip, әsirese, Altay betinde búlghaq bastaluy aldynda túrdy. Osy ólara kezende Aqymetjan Kasmi, Ysqaqbek Momin bastaghan batyrdyng kónilin tauyp, Altaydy ornyqtyru ýshin artynyp-tartynyp kelgen delegasiyanyng qúramynda aimaq әkimining orynbasary Janbolat Sórti de boldy. Ospan batyrmen әngimeleri jaraspaghan basshylar Qúljagha qaytqan kezde Altaydyng kórkem tabighatyna qyzyqqan Janbolat sonda qalyp, batyr sigha tartqan besatarmen aigha juyq ang qaraydy.

Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystyng ayaqtaluymen imperiyalar oiyn shartyn ózgertip, óz yqpal kóleminderin qaytadan bóliske saldy. Órisi tar, ónegesi mandymaghan, berekesi qashqan, sany az, әlsiz últtar qaqpangha týsti. Tóte jolmen kelip tórge shyqqan kósemderi oiyn shartyna kónbegen song qaytyp oralmady. Bassyz qalghan halyq qayterin bilmey aryptalasty. Otpen oinap, dauylgha qarsy jýgirgenderding joly bolmady. Sabyr saqtap, әlipting artyn baqqandar da aman qalmady. Óitkeni әdildik izdep, erkindik ansaghan ghaziz bastary esh noqtagha syimaytyn!

Joqtan bar bolyp, azdan kóbeyip, әlsizden alyp kýshke ainalghan, 22 jyl qan tógip biylikke kelgen kompartiyanyng armiyasy Shynjangha kelip kirgende Janbolat Sórtiúly Qúljadaghy júmys ornyn tastap, Toghyztaraudyng moyyngýzer degen jerindegi qystauyna ornyghyp, qyzyl sóz, qianqy tirlikten auasha ómir sýrgisi keledi. Tolassyz shyrqalatyn qyzyl әn, kenirdegi sozylghansha aiqaylaytyn úran, tausylmaytyn jinalys, bay-baghylannyng týbine jetip, әleumettik tendik ornatamyz degen qiyaly jospar tanymy men týsinigi  kóshpelilerding ortasynda qalyptasyp, órkeniyetting búlaghynan susyndaghan, qan maydanda synnan ótip, tolysqan qayratkerge tosyn sezilgeni, jan dýniyesimen qabyldamaghany sózsiz. Óitkeni biz sóz etken kisi «zamanyng týlki bolsa, tazy bop shalatyndardyn» sortynan emes-ti.

Kompartiya biyligi týbegeyli ornady. Alghashqy sylap-sipaudyng dәuiri ayaqtady. Ishki-syrtqy daghdarys kýsheyip, «Amerikagha qarsy túryp, Koreyagha kómek beru» soghysy bastaldy. Maonyng tóte tapsyrmasymen Sin imperiyasy kezinde tayping tiango qozghalysyn, dungenderding kóterilisin janyshtap, Yahupbekting jeti sheri handyghyn qúlatuda qategezdigimen aty tarihta qalghan jerlesteri Zou Zontang generaldyng ayaqtalmaghan júmysyn mәresine jetkizuge mandat alghan general Uang Chjyn batys soltýstik buronyng bas qolbasshysy men bas komisarynyng qoly qoyylghan «Kóshpeli últtar mekendegen ónirlerde jer reformasyn toqtata túryndar, malyn tәrkilemender» degen arnauly núsqauyn qayyryp qoyyp, taptyq kýresting maydanyna bilek sybana kirisip ketti. Jer, mal-mýlik tәrkilendi, elding iygi-jaqsylary qamaugha alyndy sonymen kishikirim tolqu, búlghaq әr jerde bastaldy.

Jyrghalanda qojanazar, orazay, mónke rularynyng aqsaqaldary men rubasylary tәrkilengen maldy múzdauan asyryp, ontýstik Shynjangha qaray baghyttaghan әskeriylerding qúralyn tartyp alyp, kóteriliske shyqty. Janbolat Toghyztarau-qas audanynda Qazaq-qyrghyz mәdniyet-aghartu úiymynyng basshysy bolghanda sol kisining orynbasary, keyin Toghyztarau atty polky qúrylghanda rota, batalion komandiyri bolghan Mәlikajy Balghynbayúly bastaghan kóterisshilerding týp maqsaty audan ortalyghynda týrmede jatqan el aghasy Janbolatty qútqaryp alu eken. Sonynda Qúljadan múzday qarulanghan kóp armiyanyng kelgeninen habar tauyp, jandaryn shýberekke týiip Qaliybek pen Qamzanyng sonynan Ýndistandy betke alyp, aua kóshedi. Sonynan týsken qughynshylardan tolyqtay qútylghanymen, shekara týbinde bәri de qolgha týsti.

Tegi Atúshtyq, Toghyztarau audandyq polisiyanyng bastyghy bolghan Ghýpyr degen kisi barlyq jala men pәleni Jәkenning basyna әkep ýiedi. Onymen qoymay barlyq aiyptaulardy moyyndap qol qoysan, bostandyqqa shyghasyng dep shyrghalaydy. Altayda Ospan batyr syilaghan besatar til biriktirip, kóteriliske shyghudyng belgisi dep qaralady. Sórtining toqaldan tughan bes úlynyng ishinde Darubay men Janbolat biylikke aralasyp, danqy alys-jaqyngha tez tarady. Áriyne el ishi bolghan song ósek pen eges, baqtalastyq pen ishtarlyq qatar jýretini sózsiz, oghan jymysqy sayasat aralasqan son, anqau Qazaq ókpe men ólimning arasyn bayyptap ketpey, sherinen shyghyp, esesin qayyram dep ómirlik shermende bop qaldy. Aldy naqaqtan kýiip, ólimmen betpe-bet kelip túrghan el aghasyn aiyptaymyn dep, kәrine úshyrap,   kózining súghy ótip, sodan onalmay ketse, artynyng úrpaghy kindik qany tamghan jerge jete almay, qiyr jaylap, shet qonyp ketti. El men erding kiyesi bar ekenin, barlyq jala men jamandyqtyng erte me kesh óteui bolatynyn endigi úrpaqtary jadyna ústasa jón. El arasyna taraghan әngimege sensek, «Janbolat pen Mәlikajy atylmasyn» degen Ýrimshiden әlde Si-annan suyt kelgen telegramany milisiya bastyghy Ghúpyr basyp tastap, ýkim oryndalghan song jaryqqa shygharghan. Elim dep emirengen esil er, tar zamannyng qyzghysh qúsy osylay aumaly-tókpeli uaqytta mezgilsiz dýley kýsh pen jalanyng qúrbany bolyp, sheyit ketti. 70 jyl boyy aty atalmady, el-júrtyna sinirgen enbegi qasaqana eleusiz-eskerusiz qaldy. Shaghyn ru shejirelerinde, auyl ýiding әngimelerinde tiyip-qashyp әngime boldy. Sondyqtan da bolar búl kisi jónindegi derekter  óte az, key enbekteri ózgening atyna telinip jýr. Qytay Qazaqtarynyng tarihyndaghy osy aqtandaqtyng orny tolsyn dep qolgha qalam aldyq. Endi izdeushisi tabylyp, zerttermender nazary osy kisige ausa, tarihy әdilettik ornap, zorlyq pen qiyanattyng qúrbany bolghan túlghanyng aruaghy damyl tauyp, riza bolar!

PAYDALANGhAN DEREKTER TIZIMI:

1. Yu Veychen // Shynjannyng jer attary jәne qúrlymdar ózgerisi:

Shynjang halyq baspasy // Ýrimshy, 150 b.

2. Toghyztarau tarihy materialdary // 1.kitap // 24 b.

3. Qojay Doqasúly « Ofiyserding kýndeligi» // últtar baspasy, Pekiyn, 63 b.

Omarәli Ádilbekúly

Abai.kz