Pedagogika men psihologiyadaghy «shygharmashylyq» termiyni «shygharmashylyq is-әreket» úghymynyng ayasynda qarastyrylady. Osy shygharmashylyq is-әreketting tabighatyn tanyp biludegi ghylymy qadamynyng bastapqy satysy psihikalyq quatty shygharmashylyq qabiletting materialdyq iyesi dep sanaytyn úghym-týsinikpen baylanysty. Al, shygharmashylyq is-әreketting ónimi bolyp belgili bir refleksterding jiyntyghy sanalady. Problemalyq situasiyany týzetin is-әrekettik titirkentushilik midaghy basym is-әreketti qúraytyn reflekske nazar audartyp qozdyrady. Mine, osy dominanttyng manyna barsha búrynghy tәjiriybedegi belgili bir dәrejede problemalyq titirkendirushi bolyp tabylatyn barsha materialdy shoghyrlandyrady. Osylaysha, atalghan problema belgili bir kezeng aralyghynda dominanttyng nazar audarushy nysanyna ainalyp, onyng tóniregine jýzege asatyn shygharmashylyq is-әreket shoghyrlanady.

Shygharmashylyq әleuet balagha tua bitedi de, onyng ósui men damuy onyng óizning eresektermen tyghyz baylanys jasay biluine baylansty odan әri óristeydi. Shygharmashylyq әleuet balagha tua bitip, onyng ósui barysynda mýmkindiginshe odan ary damidy. Biraq ta shygharmashylyq әleuetti jýzege asyru balalarda birdey emes, biz jogharyda sóz etip ketkendey, balalyq shaghynyng týrli kezenderinde eresektermen ózara әrekettestik jasauynyng sipaty men sapasyna baylanysty bolyp keledi.

Búl arada shygharmashylyq oilaugha tәn dýnie jana subektivti ónimdi sonday-aq, tanymdyq is-әreket barysynda jana týzilimderdi ómirge әkelu bolyp sanalady. Bastauysh synyp oqushylarynyng damuy olar qalay mektep tabaldyryghyn attady, tap solay adam aitqysyz ózgeristerge týsip, ondaghy oryn alatyn psihikalyq prosesteri eriktilik sipatqa ie bolady. Eger bala qabyldaudy, oilaudy, este saqtaudy jәne keybir dengeyde ózining emosiyalary men qiyaldauyn basqarudy ýirene alady. Sonymen bir mezette erik-jigeri damyp, túraqtanady da, ony eriktik retteuding ómirlik týp negizi qalanady. Al, búl degenimiz – óz kezeginde balanyng is-әreketi sanaly da, parasatty bastamalyq sipat alady degen sóz.

Tanyp biluge degen qúshtarlyq shygharmashylyq sipattaghy jattyghudy qalyptastyrady. Biz sóz etip otyrghan jattyghulardyng tiyimdi jaghy ony qalyptastyru ýshin arnayy damytu sabaqtaryn ótkizu esh mindetti emes, qayta tap osynday jattyghu elementteri әrbir sabaqta kórinis berip, materialdyq baghdarlamalarmen әdistemelene tútasyp ketui kerek. Is jýzinde kóptegen ústazdar jana materialdy ótuge az uaqyt qana qalady dep saqtanghandyqtan shygharmashylyq tapsyrmalardy óte siyrek qoldanady. Asyra saqtanudyng esh keregi de joq. Damytushy sәt oilau prosesterine týrtki bolyp, balany oqu pәnine uәjdap, osynday sergitu sәtterinen keyin olar oqugha qúlyqtylyq tanytyp, belsendi bola týsedi.

Kreativti bilim beru ortasyn damytu arqyly múghalim men balalardyng mәdeniyeti damyp, adam tirshiligining jogharghy formasy retinde ómirlik shygharmashylyqtyng gumanistik iydeyalary jýzege asady. Balalar shygharmashylyq júmys, ózdik jasampazdyq  arqyly ómirlik tyndyrylym prosesine aralasyp, odan qanaghattanu men moralidyq lәzzat alatyn bolady.

Adamnyng kreativtiligi ómirge, óz túlghasyna degen shygharmashylyq qarym-qatynasty tuyndatyp, týp negizinde is-әreket barysyndaghy zattyq-kenistiktik, tabighi, әleumettik jәne mentalidy ortadaghy uәjdanghan ruhany qajettilikti óteu jatady.

Búl orayda intellektualdy damudyng alatyn orny erekshe. Qiyaldyng kómegimen obrazdy ómirge әkelu jetilgen oilau prosesining amal-tәsilderining biri bolyp tabylady. Sahnalyq is-әreketpen ainalysu intellektualdy-logikalyq (salystyru, saralau jinaqtau jәne t.b.) jәne intellektualdy-evristikalyq (iydeya, qiyal, fantaziya tuyndatushylyq) qabiletterdi damytugha týrtki bolyp zor mýmkindik beredi. Shygharmashylyqqa degen qabilet әldeneni qiyaldap, әldeneni ómirge әkelgen kezde payda bolady. Fantaziya degenimiz – adamnyng shygharmashylyq ruhynyng bastau kózi. Ol balagha jan dýniyesinde jasyryn ýreyin, oilaryn úghynyp, ózining jasaghan is-әreketterin sanalyqpen týsine alugha septesedi. Fantaziya bala әiteuir basynan ótkeretin deprivasiyadan (әldeneden aiyrylyp qaludan) arylugha kómektesedi. Onyng ýstine ózin shynayy ómirde qalay ústay bilu kerektigine ýirene alady. Qiyal shygharmashylyqtyng negizi basty retinde baaldan bir eli aiyrylmyady. Qiyaldyng damuy sózben, balanyng qorshaghan ortasymen psihologiyalyq formada til qatysumen tyghyz baylanysta bolyp keledi.

Shygharmashylyq tapsyrmalar balanyng damuyna jaghymdy yqpal etip, oqu is-әreketining osy túrghyda úymdastyrylghan formasy ústazdardyng avtoritarlyq әdisterden bas tartuynyng eng manyzdy alghysharty bolyp tabylady.

Shәkirtterding bastauysh mektepte sanaly, shygharmashylyqpen ynta tanyta bilim alugha tyrysuy ary qarayghy derbes oilaularyna baylanysty bolyp kelip, tәjiriybelik is-әreketterde teoriyalyq materialdardy ózara baylanystyra bilu daghdysyna qol jetkizedi.

Shygharmashylyq barsha is-әreket týrlerine dendep enip, jana da, óte-móte joghary sapagha qol jetkize aludy qamtamasyz etedi.

Shygharmashylyqty filosofiyalyq túrghydan úghynu degenimiz – búryn eshqashan bolmaghan janany ómirge әkelushi is-әreket. Shygharmashylyq tek tirshilikting tar auqymyna baylanbaghan tolyq erkindik oryn alghan jaghdayda ghana mýmkin bolady. Kez kelgen shygharmashylyqta qorshaghan ortamen esh baylanyssyz janashylydyq kórinis beredi. Búl degenimiz óz kezeginde kez kelgen shynayy shygharmashylyq akti kezinde tuyndaytyn is-әrekettik qúpiya bolyp tabylghandyqtan búrynghy joqtan bar jasaytyn erkindik elementi bolyp tabylady.

Ádettegi orta mektepting pedagogy tәrbie beru josparynyng qyspaghyna týsip, ministerlik bekitken jalpygha ortaq talaptyng sonyna týsip, óz shәkirtterining ózdik shygharmashylyghyn damytugha az-maz ghana mýmkindik tabady. Búnday mýmkindikke tek qana qosymsha bilim beretin pedagog qana iyelik etedi. Osynday mýmkindikke ie pedagogtar balalr ýshin tabighy shygharmashylyq prosesti ornyqtyratyn baghdargha zor dengeyde ie bolyp, óz tәlim alushylarynyng shygharmashylyq ózin tanytuyna týrtki bolady. Pedagog ózining kәsiby kemeldenui barysynda balalardyng ózin erkin sezinuine kómegi tiyetin óz boyyna konstruktivti túlghalyq qondyrghyny toghystyryp, olardyng ózderin qyzyqtyrghan ayaq astynan tuyndaytyn iydeyalary men obrazdaryna óz betimen taldau jәne izdenis jasaularyna mýkindik tughyzady. Búl eng manyzdy jәne baghaly prosess, sondyqtan onyng barysynda túlghagha qajetti ózdik damu oryn alyp, әlemge degen asa joghary dengeydegi shygharmashylyq beyindilik ornyghady.

Biz atalghan shaghyn maqalamyzda mektep shәkirtterining tanyp biluge degen qúshtarlyghy balalar shygharmashylyghynyng basty sipaty bolyp tabylatyna oy jýgirttik.

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