Elimiz óz tәuelsizdigine qol jetkizgen son, jana buyn jetkinshekterining shygharmashylyq beyindiligi men qabiletin damytu basty ústanymgha ainalyp, keng kólemdi psiho-pedagogikalyq zertteuler qolgha alyna bastady.

Osy jolda zerdeli ghalymdar men bilikti bastauysh synyp ústazdary shygharmashylyq qabiletti damytudaghy eng qajetti qadam tabighy beyimdilikten shygharmashylyq qabiletke kóshu  jaghdayy turasyndaghy problemalardyng aspektileri turasynda sóz ete bastady.

Osy orayda orystyng ataqty suretshisi IY.E.Repin óz kezeginde jogharghy tabys degenimiz – búl ayausyz tókken terding óteui degen úlaghatty sóz aitady. Dәl osydan shygharyp aitarymyz, mektepte bәrin birden qaghyp tez mengerip ketuge beyim, biraq ayausyz ter tógudi qajetsiz sanaytyn oqushylar úshyrasady. Biraq ómirde olar ózderine artylghan ýmitti aqtamaydy. Onyng sebebi, olar aldarynan kezikken qiyndyqty tabandylyqpen jeng biluge, әr nәrsege bayyppen qaraugha daghydylanbaghan.

Negizinen mektep ústazdary osy baghytta ter tógetin bolsa, oqu prosesinde úshyrasatyn osy kelensizdikting jolyn kesedi. Onday ortada jana buyn jetkinshekterining shygharmashylyq beyindiligi men qabiletin damytu ústanymnyng danghyl joly qalyptasady.

Túlgha qajetti manyzdy qasiyet ózine talap qoyyp, istegen isterine syn kózben qaray bilu. Tap osy sipattar alghashqy qol jetkizgen enbek nәtiyjesine kónil tolmaushylyqty tudyryp, ony odan ary jetilgen әri barynsha kemeldengen dýniyege ainaldyrugha degen talpynysty tudyrady. Mine, osy jaghday úly ónertapqysh T.Edissongha akkumulyatordyng sәtti konstruksiyasyn tabu ýshin myndaghan tәjiriybeler jasatty. Tap osy jaghday A.M.Gorikiyge “Ana” kitabynyng jeti týrli qoljazbasyn jazghyzdy. L.N.Tolstoydyng “Kreyser sonatasy” kólemi shaghyn tuyndy bolyp sanalsa da, onyng qoljazba núsqalary odan kólemi jaghynan 160 ese artyq. Biz búl mysaldardy enbeksýigishtik pen tabandylyq qabiletting qos qanatty ekenin biliru ýshin keltirip otyrmyz.

Roboto tehnika kabiynetin qúr ghana ashyp, kózboyaushylyqqa salynyp otyrghan bilim oshaqtary barshylyq. Eger olar  shyn mәnisinde shygharmashyl balagha erkindik beretin bolsa, onda jogharyda biz sóz etken mysaldardaghyday talanatty balalar kóp nәrsege qol jetkizer edi.

Ómirge kelgen әr balanyng boyynda tua bitken belgili bir qabilet pen jeke bastyq túlghalyq damudyng alghysharttary bolady. Olar keyin kele individualdy damu men bilim alu prosesi kezinde qalyptasady. Biraq osy qabilet damuy ýshin bilim, daghdy men mashyq azdyq etedi. Eng manyzdysy onyng oqu is-әreketining qozghaushy kýshi bolyp tabylatyn jeke bastyq qasiyetterdi qalyptastyra bilu kerek. Osy qozghaushy kýshterdi qalyptasyra bilu men qalyptastyra almau shygharmashylyq qabiletting ózin tantuy men tanytpauyna negiz bolady. Eger osy qozghaushy kýshterdi qalyptasyra bilsek, balanyng aldynda shygharmashylyq ghúmyrdyng jarqyn bolashaghy ashylady.

Psihologtar tua bitken, biologiyalyq faktorlardy shygharmashylyq qabiletting tabighy nyshan-belgisining damuy dep moyyndaydy. Búnday tabighy shygharmashylyq  nyshan-belgilerdi qabilettilikting alghysharty dep ataydy.

Alghysharttar óz kezeginde qabiletting qalyptasuy men damuyna әser etedi. Eger tengerimdi de qolayly jaghday bolatyn bolsa, onda belgili bir is-әreketting alghysharttary qabiletting damuyna iygi yqpal etip qalyptasuyna septesedi. Áriyne, tek  qolayly alghysharttar men ontayly ómirlik jaghdaydyng oryn aluy tabysqa qol jetkizuding óte-móte joghary boluymen týsindiriledi.

Qolayly alghysharttargha ie birde bir adam qansha jerden oghan iyelik etkenimen, ter tógip, ózi únatqan isin damytpasa, eshqashan daryndy muzykant, suretshi, matematiyk, aqyn atanbaydy. Ómirde búnday mysaldar óte kóp. Key kezde óte qolayly alghysharttary bar jandar óz mýmkindikterin jýzege asyra almay, eger ómiri basqa arnada órbiytin bolsa, tamasha tabystyrgha qol jetkizetin is-әreket týrinde tek tyndyrymdy isker jan bolyp qala beredi. Keoisinshe, boyynda tuma alghysharttary joq jandar enbeksýigishtigi jәne tabandylyghynyng arqasynda ózinde joq qabiletti qalyptastyryp,  kez kelgen salada tanymal tabystargha ie bola alady.

Árbir qabilet belgili bir alghyshartqa sәikes keledi dep esepteuge esh bolmaydy.  Alghyshart kópqyrly. Demek, bir ghana alghyshaarttyng ar jaghynda birineshe qabilet búghyp jatuy әbden mýmkin.

Denenin, qoldyn, jyldam qimyldauy gimnastqa da, muzykantqa da, hirurgke de óte qajet.

Kórkem tip negizinde akterdin, jazushynyn, suretshining jәne muzykanttyn, oilau tiypi negizinde  matematiktin, lingvistting jәne filosoftyng daryn qabileti qalyptasady.

Qolayly jaghday oryn alghan shaqta muzykalyq, әdebi, kórkem óner, matematikalyq is-әreketke qabileti bar balanyng daryny erte qalyptasyp, tez damuy yqtimal (búnday qabiletting kórinis berui keyde qabilet tua bitken degen illuziyaly kózqaras qalyptastyrady.

Orys zertteushisi R.S. Nemov әleumettik qabiletining damuy tómendegidey jaghday men alghysharttargha baylanysty dep sanaydy. Olar:

1. Adamdardyng kóptegen úrpaqtarynyng enbegining arqasynda ómirge kelgen qoghamnyn, әleumettik-qoghamdyq ortanyng boluy. Tap osy jasandy orta óz boyyna adamnyng tirshilik keshuin jәne adamy qajettilikterin qanaghattandyrudy qamtamasyz etetin materialdyq jәne ruhany mәdeniyetting kóptegen qúndylyqtardy syidyrady.
2. Qajetti qúndylyqqa qoldanudyng tua bitken alghysharttarynyng bolmauy jәne oghan bala kezden ýiretuding oryn almauy.
3. Týrli kýrdeli de, joghary dengeyde úiymdastyrylghan adamiyis-әreket týrlerine qatysudyng qajettiligi.
4. Ómirge kelgen kezden bastap, qajetti qabiletke iye, bilim men tәlim-tәrbiyede bireuge qajetti bilimdi, daghdy men mashyqtardy bere alatyn ortada ósu.
5. Adamnyng tua salghan kezden bastap, qatang da, bir izge týsip baghdarlanghan minez-qúlyq tiypinen ada boluy.

Biz sanamalaghan әrbir jaghday adamnyng tua bitken qarapayym kóptegen jogharghy ómir iyesine tәn qabiletter men qasiyeterge iyelik etip, biologiyalyq tirshilik iyesine ainaluy bolyp tabylady. Osy biologiyalyq tirshilik iyesine ainalu jolynda әleumettik túlgha retinde ózining adamy qabiletterin iyelenip, ony damytady. Osy adamy qabiletterding әleumettik-mәdeny ortada damuy barysynda materialdyq jәne ruhany mәdeniyetterding qúndylyqtaryn kәdege jaratylady.

Óz shәkirtterin parasattylyqpen zerdeleytin múghalim oqu-tәrbie prosesin dúrysty úiymdastyru ýshin jәne bilim beru men tәlim berude derbes qadamdardy basshylyqqa alu ýshin óz oqushylarynyng qabiletining qalya tanyluy men onyng qanday dengeyde kórinis beruin biluge tiyisti. Oqushynyng qabileti turaly belgili bir is-әreket týri boyynsha tanyluyna qatysty sóz ete alamyz.

Osylaysha qazaq qoghamynyng mәdeniy-ruhany әm qoghamdyq-әleumettik qajetin óteuge septigi tiyetin shygharmashyl túlghanyng ósip-órkendeuine berik irgetas qalyptastra alamyz.

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