Memlekettik qyzmet pen sayasy instituttardyng rólin pәrmendi etip, tiyimdiligin arttyrugha qoghamdyq pikirding alatyn orny aitarlyqtay orasan. Al, qoghamdyq pikir aqparat qúraldary arqyly qalyptasatyndyghy dәleldeudi qajet etpeytin aksioma. Býgingi tanda qoghamdyq pikirding basty minberi BAQ jәne odan taralatyn aqparat degendi әlem ghalymdary jappay moyyndap otyr. Búryn keninen qoldanylyp kelgen dәstýrli «jurnalistika» degen úghymnyng mazmúnymen birge atauynyng ózine eleuli әser etkendigin  dәlel retinde atap kórsetuge  bolady. Aytalyq, aqparattyq tehnologiyasy joghary dengeyde damyghan Batys elderinde  «Mass Media» jәne «Mass communication» degen ataular túraqty qoldanylatyny mәlim.

Qazirgi kýni әlem jurnalistikasynyng damuyn aiqyndaytyn negizgi 4 faktordy zertteushiler anyqtaghan. Atap aitqanda:

1.  Jahandanu nemese globalizasiya (yqpaldy qyzmet atqarushysy: jana aqparattyq tehnologiya, internet jurnalistikasy, aqparattyq qatynastyng jana qúraldary men baghyttary).

2.  Búqarasyzdandyru nemese demassovizasiya (dәstýrli BAQ-tyng aqparat qabyldaushylary azayyp, olardyng týrli toptargha bólinui, auditoriya ýshin tandau jasau mýmkindikteri keneygendikten aqparat qabyldaushylardy maqsattaryna qaray anyqtau mýmkin bolmauda)

3.  Ortalyqtandyrylu nemese konglo-merasiya (BAQ-tardyng bir qolgha shoghyrlanuy qarqyn alyp, bir aqparat birneshe arna arqyly kópke taraytyn boldy)

Memlekettik qyzmet pen sayasy instituttardyng rólin pәrmendi etip, tiyimdiligin arttyrugha qoghamdyq pikirding alatyn orny aitarlyqtay orasan. Al, qoghamdyq pikir aqparat qúraldary arqyly qalyptasatyndyghy dәleldeudi qajet etpeytin aksioma. Býgingi tanda qoghamdyq pikirding basty minberi BAQ jәne odan taralatyn aqparat degendi әlem ghalymdary jappay moyyndap otyr. Búryn keninen qoldanylyp kelgen dәstýrli «jurnalistika» degen úghymnyng mazmúnymen birge atauynyng ózine eleuli әser etkendigin  dәlel retinde atap kórsetuge  bolady. Aytalyq, aqparattyq tehnologiyasy joghary dengeyde damyghan Batys elderinde  «Mass Media» jәne «Mass communication» degen ataular túraqty qoldanylatyny mәlim.

Qazirgi kýni әlem jurnalistikasynyng damuyn aiqyndaytyn negizgi 4 faktordy zertteushiler anyqtaghan. Atap aitqanda:

1.  Jahandanu nemese globalizasiya (yqpaldy qyzmet atqarushysy: jana aqparattyq tehnologiya, internet jurnalistikasy, aqparattyq qatynastyng jana qúraldary men baghyttary).

2.  Búqarasyzdandyru nemese demassovizasiya (dәstýrli BAQ-tyng aqparat qabyldaushylary azayyp, olardyng týrli toptargha bólinui, auditoriya ýshin tandau jasau mýmkindikteri keneygendikten aqparat qabyldaushylardy maqsattaryna qaray anyqtau mýmkin bolmauda)

3.  Ortalyqtandyrylu nemese konglo-merasiya (BAQ-tardyng bir qolgha shoghyrlanuy qarqyn alyp, bir aqparat birneshe arna arqyly kópke taraytyn boldy)

4. Úqsastyryluy nemese konvergensiya (BAQ ataulynyng ózara jaqyndasuy, úqsastyq tabuy, tyng tehnologiyanyng nәtiyjesinde janasy men dәstýrli aqparat qúraldary arasyndaghy aiyrmashylyqtardyng azangy, ekeuining de qosarlana qoldanylu ýrdisteri)

Qazirgi kezdegi qazaq media jýiesinde jogharyda atalghan baghyttar belgili dengeyde kórinis tauyp otyr. Key jaghynan qarqyndy óristeu baghyty bayqalyp otyrghanyn anyq angharugha bolady. Olardyng әrbirine jeke-jeke toqtalayyq:

Jahandanu ýrdisi qazaq jurnalistikasynda qalay kórinis tauyp otyr?

Býginde bizde BAQ tek san jaghynan ghana ósip otyrghan joq. Aqparat qúraldarynyng janasha týrleri de payda boluda. Atap aitsaq,  onlayn baspasóz, kabeldik televiziya, qysqa tolqyndy radio, smartfon nemese úyaly baylanystar arqyly aqparat taratu, mobayldyq aqparat qabyldau mýmkindik tuyp otyr.  Sonymen qatar media jýiesi óz ishinde internet jurnalistika, iz kesu jurnalistikasy, azamattyq jurnalistika, BAQ jarnamalyq nasihaty, ekonomikalyq jәne, ekologiyalyq jurnalistika, taldau jurnalistikasy t.s.s. baghyttargha bólindi.

Múnyng bәri qazaq auditoriyasy ýshin әlemning әr tarabynan týrli aqparattar qabyldaugha jәne jetkizuge, ózderining kózqarastary men oi, pikirlerin internet arqyly kópke jetkizuge keng mýmkindik berip otyr. Qysqasy, aqparat ýshin uaqyt pen kenistik úghymyna tәueldilik barynsha azaydy, tipti joghaldy deuge de bolady. Mysaly, telekórermender kabeldik  televiziyanyng 70-ten astam arnasy arqyly birneshe tilde aqparat alyp otyr. Elimizding aqparat komiytetinde resmy tirkelgen BAQ sany 10 mynnan әldeqashan asyp ketti.

Qazaqstanda býginde 9 million adam Internet qyzmetin paydalanady. Elimizde kýnine 25-30 myng adam elektrondy ýkimet qyzmetine jýginedi eken.  Múnyng bәri aqparattyq jahandanudyng qanshalyqty joghary qarqynmen jýrilip jatqanyn aighaqtaytyn shynayy kórinis.

Aqparattyq súranysty óteuding jiyiligi osynshalyq tútasyp, qarqyndy ósui qazaq jurnalistikasyna eleuli yqpal etip otyrghanyn erekshe atap aitu lәzim. Eng aldymen erekshelep aitarymyz, tandau mýmkindigi meylinshe artty. Nәtiyjesinde, BAQ arqyly aqparat qabyldaushylar birneshe topqa bólindi. Olardy jas erekshelikterine, kәsiby mamandyqtaryna, bilim dengeylerine, әleumettik sipattaryna qaray birneshe toptargha bóluge bolady.

Onlayn jurnalistikasynyng qarqyndy damuy dәstýrli merzimdi baspasózding oqyrmandaryn azaytyp, olardyng taralymyn kemitti. Ásirese, jastardyng arasynda gazet-jurnal oqityndardyng sany kýrt tómendedi. Olardyng eng negizgi tútynatyn dýniyeleri internet, televiziyanyng oiyn-sauyqtyq baghdarlamalary bolyp túr. Kýndelikti jәne aptalyq sapaly gazetterding oqyrmandary jasamys egde adamdargha ainaldy.

Sonymen qatar blogerler de óz oqyrmandaryn tapty. Sayt, portaldardyng sany kýn ótken sayyn artyp keledi jәne oghan degen oqyrman qauymnyng nazary men ynta-yqylastary  da aiyryqsha. Songhy jyldary týrli-týsti boyaumen әsem bezendirilgen aqparattyq, tanymdyq jurnaldar sanynyng kýrt ósui dәstýrli oqyrmandardyng biraz bóligin belgili dengeyde jaulap aldy.  Radiohabar búrynghyday auyl túrghyndarynyng ghana emes, endi qaladaghy avtokólik jýrgizushilerinin, úyaly baylanysty jii qoldanatyn jastardyng aqparat alatyn negizgi qúralyna ainaldy.

Qazaq media jýiesinde ortalyqtanu ýrdisi de keng óristep keledi.  Búl  qazaq jurnalistikasy tәjiriybesinde tәuelsizdik jyldarynda payda bolghan tyng kórinis. Aqparat qúraldarynyng shoghyrlanuy, biriktirilui odan ary da qarapayym kóriniske ainalatyn týri bar. Shyndyghyna kelsek, qazirgi kýni qolynda baylyghy men biyligi bar әrbir oligarh telearna ashyp, gazet shygharugha mýmkindik tapqan. Eks premier ministrler, eks әkim qaralardyng arasynda, tipti ýkimettik qyzmette jýrse de qaltasyn qalyndatyp, bayyp alghan keybir yqpaldy túlghalardyng iri mediaholdingterding qojayyndary bolyp otyrghany býginde qúpiya boludan qalyp barady. Onyng әriyne, óz kezeginde jaghymdy da, jaghymsyz da tústary bar. Jaghymdysy, halyqqa aqparattyq qyzmet kórsetumen qatar jurnalister jәne ózge de tehnikalyq mamandargha júmys oryndaryn úsynyp, belgili dengeyde bәsekelestikke týsip, mediabiznesting kórigin qyzdyryp otyrghany. Jaghymsyzdyghy, týrli pozisiyadaghy toptardyng ózara esep aiyrysuyna baspasózdi paydalanuyna iytermeleydi. Sonyng saldaroynan tapsyryspen maqala jazdyru, telehabarlar dayyndatu sekildi las tehnologiyalargha jurnalisterdi de júmyldyratyndyghy.

Sonymen qatar konvergensiyadan da bizding media salamyz tys qalyp otyrghan joq. Onyng ózi bir aqparat qúralynyn  BAQ-tyn  әrtýrli sipattaryn ón boyyna qatar sinirip,  taratyp otyrghan aqparattarymen, ony dayyndau tetikterining ózinde úqsastyrylu ýrdisining keng óris aluy bolyp tabylady. Múnday ýrdis songhy jyldary eleuli týrde qarqyn alyp keledi.  Oghan yqpal etip otyrghan basty faktor jana aqparattyq tehnologiyalar.

Media qyzmetine sandyq  tehnologiyanyng engizilui arqyly  internet jýiesi kino men televiziyanyng qimyl-qozghalysyn, is әreketin,  radionyng dybys-dauysyn, fotojurnalistikanyng beyneleu tetikterin, merzimdi baspasózding mәtindik barlyq núsqalaryn,  onlayn kitap, qúraldardy jәne poshtalyq baylanystyng barlyq mýmkindikterin keninen paydalanatyn boldy.  Barlyq gazet-jurnaldar derlik ózderining internettik núsqalaryn jasap aldy. Radio men telearnalar da baghdarlamalaryn internet arqyly aqparat qabyldaushylargha úsyna alatyn jaghdaygha jetti. Múnyng bәri aqparattyq kenistik pen uaqytqa tәueldilikti azaytyp, onyng jedeldigi men barshagha ortaq bolu mýmkindigin keneytti. Nәtiyjesinde, aqparattyq syiymdylyqtyng kólemi edәuir artumen qatar BAQ-tyng interaktiv sipatyn qarapayym kóriniske ainaldyrdy. Olar aqparat qabyldaushylarmen keri baylanys jasap, pikirlesetin mýmkindikke ie bolulary arqyly azamattyq jurnalistikanyng damuyna keng jol ashty.  Onyng jemisi retinde mynanday mәselelerdi erekshe atap kórsetuge bolady:

• jurnalistika jayyndaghy dәstýrli úghymnyng qamtityn ayasy keneyip, mazmúny ózgerdi;
• jurnalistikanyng derbes institut retindegi sipaty ózgerip, búqaralyq aqparattyq qatynastan góri «Mass communiication»-ning qúrylymyna ainaldy;
• aqparat - tauargha, bizneske ainalyp, kóptegen BAQ onyng ózining basty maqsaty etip algha shyghara bastady;
• jelilik aqparat әleumettik qyzmetting barlyq salasyna dendep enip, jurnalistika funksiyasynyng belgili bir bóligin blogerler atqaratyn boldy;
• jurnalistikanyng jana aghymdary (azamattyq, ekologiyalyq, iz kesu, ekonomikalyq, sayasi, taldau, onlayn jurnalistika t.s.s.) payda bolyp, onyng ózi aqparat qabyldaushylardy týrli toptargha bólinuine yqpal ete bastady;
• tyng janalyqtar dayyndau jurnalisting ghana emes, sayt, portaldardyng da qúzyryndaghy ortaq iske ainaldy;
• әrbir tyng aqparatty taratugha mýddeli túlgha onyng kózderin sandyq tehnologiyanyng kómegimen qalaghan baghytyna jibere alatyn boldy;
• búryn kimning ne jazatynyn basqarushy úiymdar, BAQ basshylary sheship kelse, endi aqparat qabyldaushylar is jýzinde tapsyrys berushige ainaldy. Aytalyq, aqparatty tútynatyn ortanyng súranysyn zerttemey túryp, baspasóz isin jýrgizu mýmkin bolmay qaldy;
• interaktivtik sipat eleuli oryngha shyghyp, aqparat qabyldaushylar ózderi aqparattyng mazmúnyn jasaugha yqpal etetin jaghdaygha kele jatyr;
• jurnalistika mamandyghy turaly dәstýrli úghym týbirimen ózgerip, jana aqparattyq tehnologiya onyng mazmúnyn terendetip, arnasyn keneytti, sapalyq jana talaptardy qoya bastady;
• BAQ-ty basqarudan bastap, janalyqtardy, habarlardy dayyndau ýrdisine Batys elderining tәjiriybeleri, shygharmashylyq tәsilderi birtindep ene bastady;
• azamattardyng sóz erkindigi, oilaryn ashyq bildiru bostandyghy azdap bolsa da shynayy kóriniske qaray bet aluda. BAQ jariyalylyq pen pikiraluandyqtyng minberine ainaluyna mýmkindikter ashyldy.

Degenmen, barlyq problema sheshimin tapty deuge әli erte. Sheshimin kýtken basty mәselelerdi kelesi 5 baghyt boyynsha qarastyrugha bolady:

1. Tәuelsiz baspasózdi damytudyng qúqtyq aurasyn qalyptastyryp, jetildiru;

2. Jauapkershilik pen etikalyq ar-újdangha negizdelgen jurnalistikany qalyptastyru, oghan jurnalisterding kәsiby úiymdary, redaksiyanyng ishki baqylaulary, jurnalisting ózining jeke jauapkershiligi t.s.s. mәseleler jatqyzylmaq.

3. Jurnalist mamandaryn dayarlau, qayta dayarlau isin jetildire týsu;

4. Jurnalistikany ghylymiy-zertteu, syn salasyn damytu;

5. Jurnalisterding әleumettik jaghdayyn, enbek etu mýmkindigin jaqsartugha arnalghan sharalardy jýzege asyru.

Mәseleni týiindey kele mynanday qorytyndygha keldik:

Birinshiden, әlemdik media jýiesining damu tendensiyasy qazirgi qazaq jurnalistikasyna eleuli týrde yqpal etip keledi. Nәtiyjesinde, BAQ jýiesinde, onyng tuyndylarynyng mazmúnynda, janrlarynda, jazu sheberlikterinde eleuli ózgerister payda boldy. Dýniyejýzilik demokratiyalyq jurnalistika dәstýrine bet búrushylyq kórinis tauyp keledi.

Ekinshiden, qazaq baspasózi liybertariyalyq jurnalistikagha qatty boy úryp ketpese de belgili dengeyde jasalyp jatqan ong qadamdar barshylyq. Alayda, sheshimin tappaghan mәseleler de shashetekten.

Ýshinshiden, Qazaq jurnalistikasynyng 100 jyldan astam tarihy damu dәstýrindegi ozyq ýlgilerin saqtay otyryp, ony qazirgi zaman talaptarymen sabaqtastyryp damytugha merzimdi baspasóz salasy  jiti nazar audaryp keledi.

Tórtinshiden,  Qazaqstanda BAQ san jaghynan azdyq etip túrghan joq. Alayda, qoghamdaghy aqparattyq súranysty qamtamasyz etuge kelgende artta qalushylyq bayqaluda. Últtyq jәne kommersiyalyq telearnalardyng bәri derlik keshki janalyqtar shygharylymdarynda bir ghana oqighany, jalghyz sinhrondy alma kezek qaytalaudan asa almay otyr. Sondyqtan, sannan sapagha kóshudi qolgha alatyn uaqyt jetti.

Abai.kz