Últ birligi - el birligi
Qazirgi qazaq qoghamynda halyqty biriktiretin, últyna, nәsiline, әleumettik tegine, jynysyna qaramastan, barsha halyqtyng basty moralidyq-ruhany baghdar retinde jýginetin, memleketting jan-jaqty damuyna múryndyq bolatyn, halyq pen jeke túlghagha adastyrmas jol kórsete alatyn últtyq-memlekettik iydeologiya dep atalatyn mәngilik erejeler men dәstýrler jýiesine qajettilik barynsha sezilip otyr.
Búl orayda túraqty, tarihy tamyrgha iye, ysylghan, jasandylyqtan ada, elimizdi mekendeytin qazaq halqy men barlyq últtardyng mýddelerimen jymdasqan, olardy biriktiretin, biylik pen halyqty jaqyndadatyn últtyq iydeologiyanyng oryny bólek. Kenestik jyldar nәtiyjesi kórsetkendey, iydeologiyalyq vakkum bәribir bayandy bolmady. IYdeologiyasyzdanu elimizdegi halyqtyng ózge, shaghyn, avtonomdy úsaq iydeyalar tónireginde biriguine alyp keledi. Basqany bylay qoyghanda Qazaq Elining úiytqysy, tituldy últy qazaq halqynyng ózi jeke-jeke әleumettik, diny toptargha, tipti, rulyq iydeyalar tóniregine toptasyp, bytyrauyn teriske shyghara almaymyz. Qazaqqa ortaq últtyq túlghalar rulyq bóliniske týsip, ortaq qúrmet pen marapatqa layyq qazaqtyng darabozdary endi tek ózi shyqqan rudyng ru-taypalyq iydeologiyasynyng shenberinde qalyp, olardyng dәstýrli meken etu ortasynda ghana tanylady. Bir kóshening boyynda túratyn qazaqtar endi, óz ruynyn, óz diny ústanymynyn, óz әleumettik tobynyng ainalasyna toptanyp, bir-birinen irgelerin aulaq sala bastady.
Búghan kóp mysaldyng biri retinde Shynghys hannyng shyghu tegine qatysty talas-tartystar men osy tarihy túlghany qazaq etu bylay túrsyn, qazaqtyng jekelegen rulardan shyqqan adam retinde «dәleldenip» birshama «ghylymy tuyndylar» jaryqqa shyqty. Ghylymy tuyndylar degen sóz tirkesin tyrnaqsha ishinde kórsetu sebebim, osy kitaptardyng avtorlary kәsiby tarihshylar emes, rushyldyq keseline úshyraghan aqyndar men jazushylar, tipti, qoghamdyq ghylymdardan auyly alys ornalasqan ózge kәsip iyeleri, jurnalister, t.b. Búl ýrdis tek, Shynghys hangha ghana qatysty emes. Songhy otyz jylda sol kezdegi biylikting ýnsiz kelisimimen qoldan «tarihy qoljazbalar» jasap, sol jasandy qoljazbalargha silteme jasap, ótirikti shynday etip, qanshama «tarihy janalyqtar» ashyldy desenizshi?! Búghan, «anqau elge – aramza molda» degendey, shyghys tilderin shala biletin, tarihtan auyly alys shet elderden kelgen aghayyndardyng qosqan «ýlesi» de bar.
Osynday avtorlardyn jankeshtiliginin sebebi nede? Búl avtorlardyng kózdegeni últtyng birligi, tarihy әdiletsizdikti qalpyna keltiru, nemese, sensasiyaly ghylymy janalyq ashu boldy ma? Joq әriyne. Búnyng basty sebebi, tәuelsizdikke qol jetkizgen tústa qazaq birligine jol bergisi kelmeytin kórshi derjavalardyng óz agenttteri arqyly jýrgizgen zymiyan әreketteri. Sonday-aq, jogharyda aityp ketkenimizdey, elimizdegi últtyq iydeologiyanyng bolmauy sebepti oryn alghan jýzdik-rulyq iydeologiyanyng kýshengi edi. Kenes túsynda kenestik rejim men kommunistik iydeologiyagha qyzmet etken aqyn-jazushylardyng keybireui, endi óz ru-taypasynyn, jýzining beyresmy iydeologyna ainaldy. Jalpy, búl ýderisting basy kenes zamanynda-aq bastalghan bolatyn. Osy aqyn-jazushylardy biylik bir jaghynan, kenestik rejimdi nasihattau ýshin paydalansa, ekinshi jaghynan, olardy qazaq birligine syna qaghu ýshin ruaralyq, jýzaralyq arazdyqty qozdyrugha da qatar paydalandy.
Osy orayda, kәsiby tarihshy retinde ru iydeologtarynyng búljymas erejesine ainalghan qazaq shejirelerine, qazaqtyng geneologiyalyq tegine, jalpy, qazaq ru-taypalyq jýiesine tarihy taldau jasaghandy jón kórip otyrmyn. Ásirese, búl taldauym qazaq tarihynan beyhabar, shejirening shyrmauynan shygha almay jýrgen, shejireni basty tarihiy-geneologiyalyq qaynar retinde qaraytyndargha dúrys baghyt berer.
Qazaq jýzderining shyghu tegi, maqsaty men Otan tarihyndaghy oryny ghalymdar arasynda әli kýnge deyin talasty mәsele. Qoldaghy bar mәlimetterdi saralay otyryp, qazaq jýzderining payda bolu kezeni, maqsaty men tarihy manyzyn anyqtau salasynda enbek etken zertteushilerding negizgi tújyrymdaryn birneshe topqa bóluge bolady.
Birinshileri, jýzderding payda boluyn Qazaqstan territoriyasyndaghy alghashqy memleketterding payda boluymen baylanystyryp, memleketti ýsh jýzge bólu dәstýrin saqtar kezeninde saltanat qúrghan erte memleketterden izdeydi.
Ekinshileri, qazaqtardyng ýshke bólinuin Altyn Ordadaghy ruhaniy-sayasy prosestermen baylanystyratyndar.
Ýshinshi top, búl prosesti Qazaq handyghynyng qúryluymen payda bolghan qúbylys dep sanaytyndar.
Mәselege qatysty osy ýsh tújyrymnyng da talqylaugha túrarlyqtay tarihy negizi bar. Shynyda da memleketti jәne ony mekendeytin halyqty ýsh topqa bólip, basqaru saqtar kezeninen bastap oryn alghan qúbylys.
Á. Ghaliyev ejelgi saqtardyng ýsh bólikke bólingendi turaly derekterdi Gerodot jazbalarynan keltirip, «Targhytaydyng Lipoksaiys, Arpoksaiys, Kolaksais atty ýsh úly boldy. Olardyng biyligi túsynda saqtargha aspannan altyn soqa, kisen, saptayaq jәne aibalta týsedi» dep jazady.
Qazirgi irandyqtar, tәjikter jәne ýndilerding arghy ortaq tekteri ariylerding qasiyetti kitaby Avestada da ariyler qoghamy ýsh topqa bólinedi – әskeriyler, ruhaniyat ókilderi jәne eginshiler. Ariylerde әskeriylerge tәn týs qyzyl, ruhaniyat ókilderining týsi aq jәne eginshilerding týsi jasyl bolyp belgilendi. Tipti, qazirge deyin Iran, Tәjikstan men Ýndistannyng memlekettik tularyndaghy ýsh jolaq týster osy Avestadan negiz alatyn ruhany ortaqtyq dep baghalaugha bolady.
Osy mәlimetterdi saralu, erte kezende qoghamdy ýsh topqa bólu tek әleumettik sipat alghandyghyn bayqaugha bolady. Ghúndardyn, Týrki qaghanattarynyng tarih sahynasyna shyghyp, týrki-kóshpendiler memleketterining imperiyalyq kezeninde, ýshke bólinuding әskeriy-sayasy kezeni bastalady. Ghúndardyng әskery memlekettik qúrylymy turaly derekterde olardyng kósemi Edil patshanyng әkesi Rughila patsha ýsh aghayyndy edi. Aqtar men Mynzyq qos qanattaghy, ózi ortadaghy әskerdi basqardy dep jazyldy. Týrik qaghanatynyng dәstýri boyynsha da әsker ýshke bólinetin. Qos qanatqa tek han túqymynan taraghan hanzadalar әskerbasylyq etetin de, ortadaghy jasaq tikeley qaghannyng ózine baghynatyn.
Shynghyshan memleketinde el shyghys jәne batys bolyp ekige bólinedi. Batys bólikting biyleushisi shyghys biyleushisine baghyndy (Joshy Shynghyshangha, Shaghatay Ýgedeyge baghyndy). Batys biyleushisining qyzmeti eldi, әskerdi basqaru jәne onyng taqqa qúqy bolmady. Qos biyleushi tuysqan boldy. Búl dәstýr Ýgedey ólgenge deyin, yaghni, 1241 jylgha deyin on eki jyl boyy saqtaldy. Búl jýie kóne týrki, qarahan, jujan qaghanattarynda boldy. Memleketti ekige bólu, onyng bir-birine baghynyshtylyghy úzaq uaqyt saqtaldy. Al-Omary "Hulagu (Irandaghy elhandar memleketining biyleushisi) ómir boyy tәuelsiz han emes, Mónke hannyng orynbasary retinde basqardy. Keyin, Shynghys han taghynyng múrageri Joshy Úlysy men onyng ekinshi úly Berke-han ýsh ordagha bólindi: Altyn Orda, Aq Orda, Kók Orda jәne Altyn Ordanyng úly hany Berke hangha baghyndy.
Kórip otyrghanymyzday ýsh topqa bólinu saqtar kezinde tek әleumettik sipatqa ie bolsa, erte ortaghasyrlardan bastap birtindep búl jýie әskeriy-sayasy maghyna ala bastady.
Al, qazirgi qazaq jýzderining tuystyq-geneologiyalyq jýiesining payda boluy Qazaq handyghynyng qalyptasu kezeninde nyghayghanymen óz bastauyn Altyn Ordadaghy ruhany prosesterden alady. Qúrbanghaly Halid Jalairiyding jazuynsha kóshpelilerdi ýsh jýzge bólgen Jәnibek han ekenin aitady. Sh.Uәlihanov ta jýzderding shyghuyn Altyn Ordadaghy sayasiy-ruhany prosestermen baylanystyrady.
Tarihy zertteulerdi taldau, shynynda da búrynghy jýzge bólinuding sayasiy-әleumettik sipattaryna Altyn Orda kezeninen bastap ruhani– diny renk qosyla bastaydy. Búl әsirese, Altyn ordadaghy, Qazaq handyghyndaghy diniy-ruhany toptardyn, әsirese islamdyq-sopylyq aghymdardyng arasyndaghy ózara kýresi kezinde anyq biline bastaydy. Belgili tarihshy Z. Jandarbekting aituynsha «yasauiya tariqatynyng tarih sahnasyna shyghuymen týrki halyqtarynyng tili men әdet-ghúrypy, salt-dәstýri, dәstýrli mәdeniyeti tolyghymen qaytadan qalpyna keltirildi. Týrki dýniyesi jeke halyq retinde tarih sahnasynan shyghyp qalu qauipinen aryldy jәne óz damuynyng kelesi kezenine ayaq basty».
«1320 jyly Yasauy jolynyng memlekettik iydeologiyagha ainaluy halyqtyng ruhani, mәdeny tútastyghyn qalyptastyryp qoyghan joq, sonymen birge memleketting býkil qúrylymdyq jýiesin qayta qúrugha yqpal etti. Búrynghy rulyq, taypalyq jýieler ydyratylyp, ornyna ruhany negizde biriktirilgen rulyq, taypalyq jýieler dýniyege keldi. Qandyq prinsip tek jeti ata dengeyinde qaldyryldy. Olar jýzderge toptastyrylyp, memleketting basqaru jýiesin qúrady. Búl bir jaghynan memleketti basqarudyng kóne týrkilik jýiesin qalyptastyrsa, ekinshi jaghynan yassauy jolynyng qúrylymdyq jýiesin tolyq qaytalady. Ru, taypa, jýzderdi basqaru tolyghymen yasauiya tariqaty ókilderining qolyna – biylerge berildi. Qazirgi kýni Tәuke han qúrdy dep jýrgen Biyler kenesi alghash ret osy Ózbek han kezinde qalyptasqan bolatyn. Biyler-yasauiya tariqatynyng ókilderi bar kýshin Joshy Úlysynda eng әdiletti qoghamdy ornatugha saldy. Payghambar dәuirinen keyingi eng әdiletti qogham osy Joshy Úlysynda ornady».
Alayda, 1342 jyly Ózbek han kenetten qaytys boldy, Jәnibek taqqa otyruymen basqaru jýiesi tolyghymen ózgerdi. Yasauy jolynyng ókilderi basqaru jýiesinen alynyp tastaldy, basqaru jýiesi absoluttik biylikke negizdelgen, irandyq basqaru jýiesi qalpyna keltirildi. Memleketting diny baghytynyng ózgerui memleketting býkil bolmysynyng ózgeruine әkeldi.
Qazaq taypalary arasynda ushyghyp ketken jaulyqty auyzdyqtau jәne sapyrylysqan rulyq, taypalyq qúrylymdy retteu ýshin Esim han «Eski jol» dep atalyp ketken ózegi eski, qaghidasy jana dala zanyn endiredi. Búl zanda Esim han Altyn Orda zamanyndaghy ru-taypalardyng basyn biriktiru ýshin Altyn Orda zamanyndaghy tәsildi qoldanyp, qazaq tarihynda ekinshi ret ru-taypalardyng qúrylymyn maqsatty týrde sapyrylystyrdy. Osy jarghyda salt-dәstýr, әdet-ghúryp joralghylarymen birge qazaq taypalarynyng janasha qúrylymynyng súlbasy aiqyndaldy.
Qazaq rularynyng osylay sapyrylystyryluy saldarynan ru-taypalardyng shejirelik tizbeginde eleuli ýzik payda bolghandyghy angharylady. Sol zamandarda shejirelik sanagha «jeti atasyn biluding qajettigi» zorlap sinirildi. Sebebi, jogharydaghy azamat soghysynyng barysynda jeti atadan asqan úrpaqtar bir-birimen dúshpan bolyp shyqqan edi. Osynday sebeptermen býgingi kóptegen rulardyng shejiresindegi tizbek HVII ghasyrdyng bas kezinen beri qaray naqtylyq sipat alady.
Dәl osy Qazaq handyghy biyleushileri men biylerining úigharymymen qazaqty «ýsh ananyng balasy» degen konsepsiya qalyptasty. Qazaq halqyn qúraushy ru-taypalardyng etnogenezine qatysty tarihy shynayylyqtan alys bolghanyna qaramastan Qazaq handyghy kezenindegi jazylyp, taratylghan jyr dastandarda, auyz әdebiyeti ýlgilerinde «qargha tamyrly qazaq» týsinigi bekitilip, nasihattaldy.
Ýsh eneden tuyp dýredi.
Ýsh sheshemnen tughan son
Osy edi ghoy qazaqtyn
Ýsh jýz bolghan sebebi.
Agharys pen Janarys.
Kenjesi eken Bekarys.
Aqarystyng balasy:
Ýisin, Nayman – Úly jýz.
Janarystyng balasy:
Arghyn, Qypshaq – Orta jýz.
Bekarystyng balasy:
Alshyn, Kenshin – Kishi jýz.
dep qazaqty jasandy týrdegi tuystyq-geneologiyalyq jaqyndyqty nasihattay otyryp jyrlady.
Qazaq handyghy qúrylghannan keyin jana rulardyng qúryluyna baylanysty qazaq shejireleri qalyptasty. Ru-taypalardyng ata-tegi últtyng biriguinin, elding negizin qalaudyng jәne memleketting nyghangynyng quatty tetigi boldy. Ru taypalarynyng genealogiyalyq qúrylymy Qazaq handyghynyng qoghamdyq-sayasy negizin nyghaytu ýshin qajet boldy.
Qazaq handyghynyng etnosayasy jaghdayy óte kýrdeli jýrdi. Búl keng baytaq dalada tarihy qalyptasqan, bytyranqy taypalar bolghanyna qaramastan, ony odan әri biriktiru sol kezdegi Qazaq handyghynyng negizin qalaushylar ýshin, әsirese biyler ýshin manyzdy mәsele boldy. Búl mәseleni sheshu ýshin qazaq biyleri qazaq halqyn biriktiretin, taypalardyng birligine negizdelgen últtyq birlik iydeyasyn qalyptastyrdy.
Aldymen Altyn Ordada, keyin Qazaq Handyghynda oryn alghan ruhany prosesterding qazaqtardyng jýz týrinde qayta bóliniske týskendigine «jýz» atauynyn shyghu teginen bayqauymyzgha bolady.
«Jýz» atauy da jýzdik qúrylymnyng shyghu uaqyty men maqsaty siyaqty, tarihshylardyng әrtýrli kózqarastaryna iye. Ókinishke oray, kóptegen zertteushiler búl ataudy taldauda kóbinese ataudyng aitylu ereksheligine basymdylyq berip, ataudyng maghynalyq sipatyna kónil audarmay keldi. Ásirese, ortaghasyrlyq qytay, arab-parsy derekterinde kezdesetin qazaqtyng jýzine esh qatysy joq «guz», «yoz» sózderin «jýz» sózimen tәjdestiredi. Mysaly, H. M. Adiligereev H ghasyrdaghy oghyzdardyng da ýshke, yaghny ýlken, orta jәne kishi ordalargha bólindi degen mәlimetin keltirip, «guz» sózi «yz», «juz» degen maghyna bildiredi dep jazady.
N. Mynjan b.z.b. III ghasyrda ghúndardyng batys jaghynda ómir sýrgen Úly Yozylardy qazaqtyng Úly jýzine sәikesteydi. U. Shәlekenov te qytay derekterindegi «úly jәne kishi yozilerge» sýienip qazaqtardyng úly jýzi men kishi jýzi antikalyq zamanda ómir sýrgen degen toqtamgha keledi. Shyndyghynda, «jýz» atauyna qatysty búl tújyrymdar bar bolghany sózder tegining úqsastyghyna negizdelgen, ýstirt pikirler.
Bizdinshe, qazaqtyng "jýz" atauy—"bólik", "bólshek", «qúramy» degen maghynany bildiretin arabtyng جز –«djoz" sózinen shyqqan. Altyn Orda men Qazaq handyghynyng islamdanu prosesining kýshengi osy kezende kóptegen arab-parsy sózderining týrki tiline, әsirese, memleketttik basqaru jýiesine enuin jyldamdatty.
Kórip otyrghanymyzday, «jýz» atauy tuystyq atau emes, el basqaruda qoldanatyn әkimshilik-sayasi, әskeriy-әkimshilik termiyn. Qazaq shejiresindegi «pәlensheden týgenshe, onyn balasynan biz taraydy ekenbiz» degen tizbektelgen geneologiyalyq jýie aqiqat emes. Bir jýzding qúramyndaghy taypalar arasyn bylay qoyghanda, bir taypanyng ishindegi rulardyng qandyq jaqyndyghy kýmandy. Songhy shejirede kórsetilgen geneologiyalyq keste bar bolghany 6-7 ghasyr ishinde qoldan jasalghan kóp shejirelerding biri ghana.
Shyndyghyna kelgende, myndaghan jylghy tarihy bar qazaq halqynyng kýni býginge deyinge tarihy tym kýrdeli, janqiyarlyq enbekti, zertteluin kýtip otyrghan qyruar júmys. Keybir mәselelerde derekkóz bolugha, rushyl qauymgha aldanysh bolugha jaraghanmen qazaq tarihyn shynayy zertteude shejire basty qaynar boluda senimsizdeu.
Mine, osy sebepten de, qazaq halqynyng qúramyndaghy jekelegen taypalardyng tarihyn qazaqtyng jýzdik jýiesi shenberinen tys, tәuelsiz zertteuding manyzy asa zor ekendigin eske salghymyz keledi. Eger, qazaqtyng kez kelgen taypasyn qazaq jýzderi jýiesi shenberinen shygharmay, sonyng ayasynda zertteytin bolsaq shynayy nәtiyjege qol jetkizu qiyn. Óitkeni, shejirening ózinin naqty geneologiyalyq mәlimet ekendigi kýman tudyrady. Áriyne, tarihy auyzsha shejirege negizdelgen qazaq halqynyng tarihyn zertteude shejirening óz oryny bar. Degenmen, halyq jadynda saqtalatyn belgili bir kezenge deyin naqty bolady da, halyq jady shatasatyn eski zamandy surettegende shejire derekteri anyzdyq sipat alyp, siyrqúiymshaqtanyp ketedi. Búl turaly Mәshhýr Jýsip atamyzdyn:
Arghynnan ary barsang adasasyn,
My qatyryp, kóp shejireni ne qylasyn?
Ol kezde sen de joqsyn, men de joqpyn –degen fәlsәfәlyq tújyrymy qisyndy shyndyq. Mәshhýr atamyz ómir sýrgen zamanda qazaq tarihynyng negizgi kózi tek osy shejireler boldy. Antropologiyalyq, arheologiyalyq zertteuler arqyly shejire derekterin naqtylaugha mýmkindik bolmady.
Bir qyzyghy, shejirening rushyldyqtyng búljymas ereje kitaby men sol negizdegi «tarihy zertteulerge» negiz bola almaytynyna, tipti, naqty qandyq-tuystyq, geneologiyalyq baylanysqa ie emes ekendigine osy shejirelerding ózi negiz bola alady.
Mysaly, baghys ruy shejire boyynsha Úly jýzde de (suan), Orta jýzde de (uaq) bar. Tiney qonyratta, adayda, naymanda da bar. Manghytay jalayyrda, әlimde, qonyratta bar. Kereyler kereyt bolyp, Kishi jýzde kezdesedi. Dulattyng botbay tarmaghyndaghy qoralastar Qazaq handyghy qúrylghangha deyin qonyrattyng beldi ruy boldy. Qoralastar Ábilghazynyng kestesi boyynsha Ergeneqonnan shyqqan qonyrattardyng bir ruy. Qonyrattardyng miyfi boyynsha olardyng bir tarmaghy qoralastar barlyq mongholdordardyng analyq tegi Alan Goa shyqqan ru. Áli kýnge deyin, monghol qonyrattary, aughan qonyrattary qúramyndaghy ru. Degenmen, osy naqty tarihy mәlimetterge qaramastan qazirgi shejireler tarihy aqiqattan alystau ýkim shygharyp, qoralasty dulattyng jiyeni, nemese kirme ru retinde sanaydy.
Osydan keyin qalaysha aqiqatty tarihtan izdemey qazirgi shejireni absolut retinde qarastyra alamyz? Shejire - sol kezdegi sayasi, әleumettik, geografiyalyq jaghdaylargha baylanysty, el basqarudy, әkimshilik jýieni retteuge baghyttalghan, han jarlyghymen, biylerding jýieleuimen iske asqan sayasy sharanyng jemisi.
Búl tújyrymmen últ mýddesinen ru-taypa mýddesin joghary qoyatyn, rushyldyqtyng auruymen jazylmastay keselge úshyraghandar kelispey, «jýzder ishindegi birdey ru ataulary kezdeysoq sәikestik, basqa qanday dәleling bar?» deui bek mýmkin.
Búghan antropologiyalyq zertteuler әbden dәlel bola alady. Qazaqtyng ataqty antropolog-ghalymy O. Smaghúlovtyng jetekshiligimen sonau 1966-1974 jyldar aralyghynda qazaq ru-taypalarynyng arasynda olardyng qan tobyna qatysty genegeografiyalyq zertteu júmysyn jýrgizedi. Zertteu nәtiyjeleri boyynsha qazaq jýzderining arasynda aitarlyqtay genetikalyq aiyrmashylyq joq. Búl jýzdik tuystyq jaqyndyqty joqqa shygharatyn basty mәlimet. Al, endi, sol jýzderding qúramyndaghy taypalardyng ózara qandyq-tuystyq jaqyndyghy mýldem shyndyqtan alys. Mysaly, qonyrattardyng genetikalyq jiyiligi jalayyr, dulat, uaq, naymandargha jaqyn. Arghyndardyng genetikalyq parametrleri alban, suan, nayman, dulat, jalayyrlargha jaqyn. Kereylerding genetikalyq markeri bolsa qypshaqtar men suandargha jaqyn. Naymandargha qandyq túrghyda arghyn, alban, aday, suandar jaqyn....
Minekey, osydan keyin óz jýzining qúramyndaghy taypalastary men rulastaryna býiregi búryp, basqasyna shekeden qaraugha qanday negiz bar? Qoldan jasalghan shejireden tuystyq-qandyq jaqyndyqty, odan tarihy faktilerden alys mifter jasau kimge tiyimdi ekendigi aidan anyq emes pe?
Sayyp kelgende, «qargha tamyrly» qazaq tarihy birge órilgen, ótkeni tereng ru-taypalardan qúralyp, «myng ólip, myng tirilgen» birtútas halyqty biriktiretin ortaq atau. Aqseleu Seydimbek «Qazaqtardyng auyzsha tarihy» monografiyasynyng «Shejire men tariyh» tarauynda halyqtyng qalyptasuynda tirek bolghan qazaq halqynyng tarihy taypalar tarihy dep esepteydi. Sondyqtan da, tútas halyqtyng tarihyn zerdelegende, osy halyqty qúraushy jekelegen taypalardyng ótkenine oy jýgirtu shynayy ghylymy nәtiyjelerge qol jetkizetini anyq. Birinshiden, taypa tarihyn zerttegende kóp sandy jazba derekterine qaramastan, auyzsha shejire derekterining shenberinen shygha almay, jýzdik jýiening qasang qalybynda qalu otan tarihyna jasalghan qiyanat. Ekinshiden, býkil kýsh-jigerin, uaqytyn últ birligine emes, qoldan jasalghan shejire negizinde ru mýddesine sarp etip jýrgen oqyghandarymyzgha qúlaqqaghys: Bekerge әure bolmanyzdar! Jýz ishindegi taypalasynyz, rulasynyz emes, qonyrat pen dulat, aday men nayman, arghyn men alban jaqyn-tuys, ainalyp kelgende «әr qazaghynyz – jalghyzynyz»!
Kezinde, orys jәne kenes tarihshylary syzyp bergen әdistemeden әri aspau qazaq tarihyn zertteuding shynayy maqsatyna jetkizbeydi. Qazaq taypalarynyng tarihyn jýzdik, qazirgi aimaqtyq shenberden shygharyp, qanatyn bosata zertteu qazaqtyng memlekettiligining tarihyn terendetip, kóshpendilerding dәstýrli tarihy aimaqtaryn keneyte týsetini anyq. Búdan ózge, halyq bir bolu ýshin últtyng birligi qajet.
Jomart Jenis
Abai.kz