Qazirgi kýni Qazaqstanda otbasy institutynyng bedelin arttyru, nyghaytu baghytynda jýieli júmystar atqarylyp keledi. Biraq jalpyúlttyq is-sharalar jospary shenberinde az qamtylghan, kópbalaly, qiyn jaghdaygha tap bolghan otbasylargha jәrdemdesetin ortalyqtardyng kóptigine qaramastan, otbasylyq-túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqqa úshyraghandardyng sany azaymay túr. Elimizdegi ózekti mәselelerding birine ainalyp otyr.

Otbasyndaghy janjaldan bastalyp zorlyq-zombylyqqa úlasatyn әreketterden zәbir kóretinderding basym bóligi – әielder men balalar. Qylmystyq statistika boyynsha songhy ýsh jylda túrmystyq әlimjettik kórgen әielderding kórsetkishi 25 payyzdan asqan.

Ishki ister ministrligi songhy on jylda otbasyndaghy zorlyq-zombylyqqa qatysty qylmystyq isting kýrt kóbeygenin mәlimdeydi. Ásirese, tótenshe jaghday kezinde túrmystyq janjal kórsetkishi 41,7 payyzgha ósken. Otbasy ishindegi zorlyq-zombylyqtan әielderden bólek, balalargha da kýsh kórsetu tyiylmay túr. Búl turaly YuNIYSEF pen Qazaqstan arasyndaghy birikken zertteulerde eresekterding 75 payyzy balalardy  tәrbiyeleu maqsatynda tayaqtaytyny jazylghan. Elimizde 14 jasqa deyingi balalar әrbir ekinshi otbasyda ne balabaqshada zәbir kóredi, mektep oqushylarynyng ýshten ekisi qatarlastarynan ne bolmasa mektep múghalimderinen kemsituge ne zorlyq-zombylyqqa úshyraytyny anyqtalghan. Negizinen zorlyq-zombylyqtyng eng kóp kórsetkishi balalar ýii men arnayy internat mekemelerinde kezdesetini bayqalghan

Osy rette әielder men balalardyng otbasylyq-túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq kóruine qarsy elimizde kóptegen sharalar qolgha alynghan bolatyn.

El Preziydenti byl­tyr­ghy Joldauynda әielderge qarsy túr­mystyq zorlyq-zombylyq ýshin ja­za­ny qatandatudy tapsyrdy. Búl turaly Mәjiliste de arnayy jiyn ótkizilip, «Otbasylyq-túr­mys­tyq zorlyq-zombylyqqa qar­sy is-qimyl turaly» zang jobasy talqylanghan. Nәtiyjesinde, «otbasyndaghy zorlyq-zombylyqtyng aldyn alu» turaly zangha sәikes, zorlyq-zombylyq fizikalyq, psihologiyalyq, jynystyq jәne ekonomikalyq bolyp bólingen. Yaghni, әrbir jәbirlenushi qol júmsau әreketining aldyn alyp, qúqyq qorghau organdaryna jýgine alady. Biraq kópshilik zorlyq-zombylyq qúrbandary әrtýrli jaghdaylargha baylanysty polisiyaghya shaghym-aryz týsirmey jatady. Sondyqtan kóptegen jәbirleushiler jazagha ilikpeydi. Jalpy, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyasynda adamnyng qadir-qasiyetine qol súghylmaydy, әrkimning ar-namysy men abyroyly atynyng qorghaluyna qúqyghy bar dep anyq kórsetilgen.

Túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq ýshin kinәli túlghalar Qazaqstan Respublikasy «Ákimshilik qúqyq búzushylyq turaly» kodeksining 73 baby boyynsha jauapkershilikke tartyluy mýmkin, al olardyng әreketterinde qylmystyq qúqyq búzushylyq qúramy bar bolghan jaghdayda, olar Qazaqstan Respublikasy Qylmystyq kodeksining 109 (úryp-soghu), 110 (qinau), 131 (qorlau) baptary boyynsha qylmystyq jauapkershilikke tartylady.

Túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtan qorghau jónindegi bólimsheler qyzmetining qúqyqtyq negizin BÚÚ Bas Assambleyasy qabyldaghan Adam qúqyqtarynyng jalpygha birdey deklarasiyasy men Áyelderge qatysty kemsituding barlyq nysandaryn jong turaly konvensi, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Konstitusiyasy, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Qylmystyq Kodeksi, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Ákimshilik qúqyq búzushylyq turaly» kodeksi, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq profilaktikasy turaly» Zany, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Neke (erli-zayyptylyq) jәne otbasy turaly» kodeksi, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Ishki Ister organdary turaly» Zany jәne basqa normativtik qúqyqtyq aktiler qúraydy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq profilaktikasy turaly» Zanynyng 4 babyna sәikes, túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtyng tórt týri anyqtalghan.

Kýsh kórsetu zorlyq-zombylyghy – dene kýshin qoldanyp, deneni auyrtyp densaulyqqa qasaqana ziyan keltiru.

Psihologiyalyq zorlyq-zombylyq – adamnyng psihikasyna qasaqana әser etu, ony qorqytu, qorlau, bopsalau nemese qúqyq búzushylyqtardy ómirge, densaulyqqa qauip tóndiretin, sonday-aq psihikalyq, dene jәne jeke basy damuynyng búzyluyna әkeletin әreketterdi jasaugha mәjbýrleu (eriksiz kóndiru) arqyly ar-namysy men abyroyyn kemsitu.

Seksualdyq zorlyq-zombylyq – adamnyng jynystyng tiyispeushiligine nemese jynystyq erkindigine qauip tóndiretin qúqyqqa qarsy qasaqana is-әreket, sonday-aq kәmeletke tolmaghandargha qatysty seksualdyq sipattaghy is-әreketter.

Ekonomikalyq zorlyq-zombylyq – adamdy zanmen kózdelgen qúqyghy bar túrghyn ýiinen, tamaghynan, kiyiminen, mýlkinen, qarajatynan qasaqana aiyru.

Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Ákimshilik qúqyq búzushylyqtar turaly» Kodeksining 73 babyna sәikes, otbasy-túrmystyq qatynastar shenberinde qúqyqqa qarsy әreketter qataryna bylapyt sóileu, qorlap tiyisu, kemsitu, ýy túrmysyndaghy zattardy býldiru jәne olardyng tynyshtyghyn búzatyn, jeke túrghyn ýide, pәterde nemese ózge túrghynjayda jasalghan basqa da әreketter jatady.

Túrmystyq-otbasylyq zorlyq-zombylyqqa úshyraghandardy qorghau ýshin ishki ister organdarynyng túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtyng jeke profilaktikasy sharalaryn qoldanu qúqyghy bar.

Jeke profilaktikasy sharalargha túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq profilaktikasynyng subektisi jәbirleushi adammen profilaktikalyq әngimelesudi jýrgizu jatady. Ángimelesuding negizgi qyzmeti túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq jasaudyng sebepteri men jaghdaylaryn anyqtau, túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtyng әleumettik jәne qúqyqtyq saldaryn týsindiru jәne zangha moyynsynushylyqtyng qajettigine sendiru.

Ishki ister organy jergilikti polisiya qyzmetining basshysy nemese orynbasary, uchaskelik polisiya inspektor nemese kәmeletke tolmaghandardyng isteri jónindegi inspektor on alty jasqa tolghan, esi dúrys adamgha qatysty qorghau núsqamasyn shygharady. Núsqama jәbirlenushige túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtan, ony izdestiruden, onyng izine týsuden, oghan auyzsha, telefon arqyly sóilesuden jәne ózge de tәsildermen baylanys jasaludan qorghanys beredi. Ózine qatysty qorghau núsqamasy shygharylghan adamdy ishki ister organdary profilaktikalyq esepke qoyady jәne oghan profilaktikalyq baqylau jasaydy.

Qorghau núsqamasynyng qoldanylu merzimi otyz tәulikti qúraydy. Túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq jasaushygha beriletin kelesi jaza – әkishilik ústau.

Ákimshilik ústau – túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq jasaghan adamdy arnauly orynda mәjbýrlep ústay otyryp, bas bostandyghynan aiyru. Al mәjbýrli ambulatoriyalyq baqylau men psihiatrda emdelu, intensivti baqylaytyn mamandandyrylghan ýlgidegi psihiatriyalyq stasionarda mәjbýrlep emdeu týrinde medisinalyq sipattaghy mәjbýrli sharalardy Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Qylmystyq Kodeksine sәikes sot taghayyndaydy.

Qúqyq búzushynyng minez-qúlqyna erekshe talaptar belgilenu mýmki. Ol degenimiz – Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq profilaktikasy turaly» Zanynyng 22 babyna sәikes әkimshilik-qúqyqtyq yqpal etu sharasy bolyp tabylady jәne ol әkimshilik jaza qoldanumen qatar jәne әkimshilik qúqyq búzushylyq jasaghan adam әkimshilik jauaptylyqtan bosatylghan kezde onyng ornyna da qoldanylady.

Ákimshilik shara – Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Ákimshilik qúqyq búzushylyq turaly» Kodeksining 73 babyna sәikes eskertu jasau ne ýsh tәulikten on tәulikke deyingi merzimge әkimshilik qamaqqa alu, әkimshilik jaza qoldanylghannan keyin bir jyl ishinde qaytalap jasalsa on tәulikke deyingi merzimge әkimshilik qamaugha alu nemese bes ailyq eseptik kórsetkish mólsherinde aiyppúl saludy kózdeydi.

Ata-ana qúqyqtaryn shekteu nemese aiyrugha kelsek,  Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng «Neke (erli-zayyptylyq) jәne otbasy turaly» Kodeksine say, eger ata-analar ata-analyq mindetterin oryndaudan jaltarsa, onyng ishinde aliyment tóleuden qasaqana jaltarsa, ózderining ata-ana qúqyqtaryn teris paydalansa, balagha qatygezdik kórsetse, onyng ishinde oghan kýsh qoldansa nemese psihikasyna zorlyq jasasa, onyng jynystyq tiyispeushiligine qastandyq jasasa, spirt ishimdikterine nemese esirtki zattaryna salynsa, psihotroptyq zattardy jәne (nemese) osylargha úqsas zattardy teris paydalansa, olar ata-ana qúqyqtarynan airylady (75-bap). Eger balanyng ata-analarymen qaluy ata-analargha baylanysty emes mәn-jaylar boyynsha, ata-analardyng minez-qúlqynyng saldarynan, biraq búl rette ata-analardy ata-ana qúqyqtarynan aiyru ýshin jetkilikti negizder anyqtalmay, ol ýshin qauipti bolsa, ata-ana qúqyqtaryn shekteuge jol beriledi.

Qylmystyq proseste is jýrgizuding mәjbýrleu sharalaryn jәne jәbirlenushilerding qauipsizdik sharalaryn qylmystyq qúqyq búzushylyq qúramy bar túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtyng jolyn kesu jәne jәbirlenushinin, kuәning jәne qylmystyq sot isin jýrgizuge qatysatyn basqa da adamdardyn, olardyng otbasy mýsheleri men jaqyn tuystarynyng qauipsizdigin qamtamasyz etu maqsatynda qylmystyq qudalaudy jýzege asyratyn jәne qylmystyq prosesti jýrgizetin organdar qoldanady.

Abai.kz