Elimizding memlekettik әleumettik sayasatynyng manyzdy baghyty - ana men balanyng qúqyghyn qorghau desek qatelespeymiz. Ana men bala qúqyghy memleketting halyqaralyq yntymaqtastyghynyng da ózekti salasy bolyp keledi. Qoghamda erekshe qorghaugha múqtaj top ana men balagha qatysty sayasy baghyttyng mәn-manyzy halyqtyng reproduktivti dengeyi, memleketting enbek, ziyatkerlik әleueti, jas úrpaqtyng fizikalyq, ruhany jәne adamgershilik damuy әielder men balalardyng densaulyghy, әleumettik jaghdayymen tikeley baylanysty ekendigin kórsetedi. Sondyqtan ózin qúqyqtyq-demokratiyalyq, әleumettik dep aiqyndaghan elde ana men balagha degen qamqorlyq, qoldau kórsetu údayy әri jýieli týrde jýrgizilui kerek.

Qazaqstanda 6 millionnan astam kәmelettik jasqa tolmaghan bala bar. Olardyng bәrining tegin orta bilim aluyna, tegin medisinalyq kómek aluyna qúqyghy bar. Búl zanmen bekitilgen qaghida. Soghan qosa, әr balanyng ózi qalaghan sport týrimen shúghyldanyp, ózine jaqyn dindi ústanyp, mәdeny demalugha qúqyghy bar. Balanyng óz ar-ojdanyn qorghaugha qúqyghy bar. Kәmelettik jasqa tolmay, ata-anasynyn, ne qamqorshysynyng qarauynda bolghanyna qaramastan, eshqanday balanyng bireuden zәbir kórip, soqqygha jyghyluyna zang boyynsha jol berilmeydi. Onday jaghday bolghan kezde, qúqyq qorghau organdary balanyng qúqyghyn qorghaydy.

Qazaqstan  «Bala qúqyqtary tura­­ly halyqaralyq konvensiyagha» qosylghan. Sondyqtan qújatta jazylghan bala qúqyghyn qorghau turaly barlyq erejelerdi búljytpay oryndaugha, óz aumaghynda onyng talaptaryn qamtamasyz etuge mindetti.

2007 jyly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Bilim jәne Ghylym ministrligining janynan balalar qúqyghyn qorghau jónindegi Komiytet qúryldy. Osyghan oray, elimizding býkil ónirinde balalardyng qúqyghyn qorghaudy qamtamasyz etetin, yaghny zandyq, moralidyq, psihologiyalyq, aqparattyq túrghyda kómek beretin Departamentter júmys istey bastady.

Ókinishke oray, ómirde әrtýrli sebeptermen balalardyng bәri tolyq otbasynda dýniyege kelmeydi. Býginde Qazaqstanda jetim jәne ata-anasynyng qamqorlyghynsyz qalghan 23 myngha juyq bala bar. Olardyng 4 myngha juyghy balalar ýiinde tәrbiyelenip jatyr.

«Biraq bir quantarlyghy balalar ýileri jyl sayyn azayyp keledi. Songhy on jylda jetim balalardy tәrbiyeleytin úiymdar sany 114-ke qysqardy. Býginde jetim balalar men ata-ana­synyng qamqorlyghynsyz qalghan bala­lar túratyn 96 úiym bar. Keyingi on shaqty jylda osy úiymdardyng tәrbiyelenushileri 10 myngha azayghan»,-deydi Balalardyng qú­qyq­taryn qorghau komiyteti tóragha­synyng orynbasary Yuliya Ovechkina.

Óskeleng úrpaqtyng qauipsizdigi respublikamyzdyng basty qúndylyqtarynyng biri ekenin maqalamyzdyng basynda aityp ótkenimizdey, el preziydentti balalardyng bolashaghy jalpyúlttyq mindetke ekenin eske salyp, 2022 jyldy «Balalar jyly» etip bekitken edi. Memleket balalardyng qarjylyq-materialdyq jaghynan qamtamasyz etiluin basty qajettilik sanaydy. Sәikesinshe, preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaev Últtyq jyldyq tabysynyng 50 payyzyn kәmelettik jasqa tolmaghan balalardyng esepshottaryna audarylyp otyru kerektigin aitty. Búl qoghamda ýlken qoldaugha ie boldy.

Qazaqstan Respublikasy bala qúqyqtary jónindegi taghayyndalghan uәkili Arujan Sayynnyng aituynsha, memleket basshysynyng búl úsynysybalalardyng bolashaghyna ýlken kepildik beredi. Ol Qazaqstan azamattaryn óskeleng úrpaqtyng keleshegi ýshin jasalyp jatqan әr reformany iske asyrugha atsalysugha shaqyrdy.

«Bala kәmeletke tolyp, jinalghan aqshany paydalanu qúqyghy berilgenshe olardyng әdepti, deni sau, bilimdi bolyp ósuin qamtamasyz etuimiz kerek. Sonday-aq olardyng qúqyghyn búzatyn kez-kelgen is-әreketten qorghauymyz kerek»,-dedi ol.

Arujan Sayyn ana men balagha qatysty jasalyp jatqan sharalargha toqtaldy.

«Biyl 1 qantardan bastap bala kýtimine beriletin qarajat 1 jarym jasqa deyin úzartyldy. Búl ata-ana ýshin ýlken kómek. Ásirese, búl shara jetim balalardy tәrbiyeleytin úiymdarda sәbiyler sanyn azaytugha septigin tiygizedi. Sebebi, kóptegen ata-ana balalaryn materialdyq qamtamasyz ete almaghan son, shaqalaghyn sonday úiymdargha aparyp tastaydy»,-dedi ombudsmen.

2020 jylghy derekter boyynsha respublikada 37,5 myng adam 14,7 mlrd tenge shamasynda jýktilik pen bosanugha baylanysty tabysynan aiyrylghandyqtan tólem alghan. «Altyn alqa» jәne «Kýmis alqa» alqa alghan analargha budjetten 47,5 mlrd tenge bólingen. 2020 jylghy mәlimetter boyynsha dekret demalysyndaghy júmys isteytin әielderding mindetti zeynetaqy jarnalaryn subsidiyalaugha 434,4 mln tenge bólingen.

Qazaqstanda da ózge órkeniyetti elderdegidey analardyn, әielderding joghary bilim alyp, qyzmet istep, mansap jolynda kóteriluine jol ashyq. Biraq qoghamnyng shyndyghy basqasha sóileydi. Memleket tarapynan baqylaudyng bolghanyna qaramastan, kóp jaghdayda әielderdin, analardyng qúqyghy men bostandyghyna qatysty ótkir mәseleler tuyndap jatady. Sonyng biri otbasyndaghy zorlyq-zombylyq, әielderge erler tarapynan jasalatyn moralidyq, psihologiyalyq qysym turaly estip, kórip jýrmiz.

Osynday otbasynda bolatyn kelensiz, tipti keyde arty ólim-jitimge aparatyn jaghdaylardyng sebebi әrtýrli. Mysaly: júmyssyzdyq, materialdyq jetispeushilik, maskýnemdik, oiynqúmarlyq taghy da basqalary. BÚÚ-nyng mәlimetine sýiensek, Qazaqstanda jylda 400 әiel túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtan qaza tabady eken. Qorqynyshty statistika. Múnyng artynda oiran bolghan otbasy, jetim qalghan bala, týrmege toghytylghan әkening taghdyry jatyr. Resmy derekterde keyingi 5 jylda otbasynda densaulyqqa qasaqana auyr zaqym keltiru faktisi 2 ese ósken eken. Búl, әsirese әielderdin, basy jarylyp, qol-ayaghy synghan jaghdaylardyng kóptigin kórsetedi.

2022 jyldyng ózinde qúqyq qorghau organdary túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq boyynsha 157 884 faktini tirkegen. Onyng ishinde 61 464 jaghday otbasylyq әlimjettikke jatqyzylghan. Álemdik pandemiya kezinde búl kórsetkish ósip, joghary shekke jetken.

Osy tústa Qazaqstanda múny retteytin naqty mehanizmi jolgha qoyylghan. 1999 jyly elimiz postkenestik elder ishinde birinshi bolyp Ishki ister organdary jýiesinde túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq salasyndaghy júmysty ýilestirip, әielderdi zorlyq-zombylyqtan qorghau turaly  arnayy lauazymdyq qyzmet birligin belgilegen bolatyn.

Sol kezden beri memleket túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyq mәselesin jiti qadaghalap otyr. Múnday zang búzushylyq әreketter kóp jaghdayda zandy organdargha jetpey jatady. Sebebi, әiel adamdar otbasynda әlimjettik kórgeni turaly aryz jazbaytyn jaghdaylar jeterlik. Oghan salt-dәstýrge salyp, otbasyndaghy úrys-keristi syrtqa shygharmau degen sekildi senimder sebep bolyp jatady. Keyingi uaqytta әleumettik jelining damuymen zorlyq-qorlyq kórgen әielderding viydeolary men fotolary taralyp, múnday súmdyq jaghdaylar qogham nazarana shygharylady.

Otbasylyq zorlyq-zombylyqqa úshyraghan adamdar ýshin elimizde kómek aludyng joldary qarastyrylyp, arnayy algoritmi jasalghan. Mysaly, zәbir kórgen adam mýmkindiginshe 102 nómirine habarlasuy kerek. Sol jerde aryz bere alady. Sonday-aq «Qamqor.gov.kz» portaly arqyly onlayn aryz beruge bolady. Jaralanghan jaghdayda 103 nómirine habarlasyp, medisinalyq kómek shaqyruy kerek. Osydan keyin polisiya qyzmetkerlerinen sot-medisinalyq saraptamagha joldama aluy qajet bolady. 150 nómirine habarlasuyna nemese «www.telefon150.kz» ueb-saytyna jazugha zorlyq kórgeni turaly aryzdanugha da bolady. Tәulik boyyna qyzmet kórsetetin senim telefondaryna habarlasugha, osylaysha qúqyqtyq jәne psihologiyalyq kómek aluyna mýmkindik bar. Odan bólek jergilikti uchaskelik inspektordan jәne daghdarys ortalyqtary men basqa da qajetti úiymdardyng baylanys nómiri turaly aqparat alugha bolady. Múnday kezde habarlasushynyng aty-jóni, jeke derekteri, bolghan jaydyng anyq-qanyghy qúpiya saqtalady.

Ana men balanyng qúqyghyn qorghaumen respublikada kóptegen ortalyqtar men úiymdar ainalysady.

Sonyng biri – Daghdarys ortalyqtary. Qazirgi tanda respublikanyng birshama ónirinde jemisti júmystar atqaryp otyr. Ortalyqtardyng basty maqsaty – túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqqa úshyrap, barar jeri qalmaghan әielderge qúqyqtyq, psihologiyalyq , materialdyq jәrdem beru. Bir ókinishtisi, atalghan ortalyqtargha kәmelet jasyna jetpegen jasóspirimder kóptep habarlasady eken.

Elimizde qazir 44 daghdarys ortalyghy júmys isteydi. Búl jerge 150 senim nomeri arqyly balalargha kómek kórsetilse, 1415 nomeri arqyly túrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqqa tap bolghan әielderge qoldau kórsetiledi.  11616 nomerindegi «senim telefony» adam saudasy qylmysy boyynsha qyzmet kórsetedi.

Otbasylyq zorlyq-zombylyq mәseleleri boyynsha normativtik-qúqyqtyq aktiler de, tәrtip búzushylardy jauapqa tartatyn zang talaptary qatandanyp keledi. Mәselen, otbasynda zorlyq kórsetushini әkimshilik kodeksting 73-baby boyynsha qamaugha alu merzimi 3 kýnnen 5 kýnge deyin úzartyldy.

Qylmystyq kodeksting 110-baby «Qinau» qylmysy  jeke aiyptau isinen memlekettik is sanatyna ózgertildi. Búl jerde әlimjettik turaly dәlelderdi zәbir kórushi emes, qúqyq qorghau organdary jinaytyn bolady.

Qylmystyq kodeksting 110-babymen qylmys jasaghan adam 4 jylgha deyin sottalady. Eng az degen merzim 3 jyl.

Eldegi otbasylyq-demografiyalyq ahual, otbasyndaghy ana men bala qauipsizdigi men qúqyghyn qorghau, otbasylardyng bala sýie almauy, songhy kezderi ajyrasu sanynyng artuy, tolyq emes otbasy, nekesiz bala tuu, balalardyng qauipsizdigi men qúqyghyn qorghau mәselesimen Qazaqstan Respublikasy Preziydentining janynan qúrylghan «Áyelder isteri jәne otbasylyq-demografiyalyq sayasat jónindegi Últtyq komissiya» ainalysyp keledi. Úiym basshysy Aida Balaeva hz sózinde elimiz ýshin otbasy instituty memleketting manyzdy tiregi jәne otbasy sayasaty últtyq damu strategiyasynyng ajyramas bóligi degendey,  Ýkimetke jyl sayyn ana men balany qorghau, otbasynyng әl-auqaty salasyndaghy zannamalyq jәne institusionaldyq mýmkindikterdi keneytu boyynsha mindetter qoyyp, nәtiyjege jetip keledi.

Týptep kelgende әr otbasynda balanyng ómirine eng aldymen ata-anasy jauapty. Ata-ana ómirge әkelgen balasynyng bolashaghyna jauapkershilik alyp, onyng densaulyghynyng jaqsy boluyna, bilimine, tәrbiyesine, balanyng qoghamnyng sapaly mýshesi boluyna qolynan kelgenshe jaghday jasaugha mindetti. Al memleket bolsa, jalpy әleumettik sayasat ayasynda olardyng qoghamnyng teng qúqyly mýshesi retindegi qajettilikterin qanaghattandyrugha jaghday jasaugha mindetti.

Abai.kz