Arman QANI. «KATORGADAGhY» BEYBITShIL EL BÚRQANGhAN ShAQ...
Dәl osy shaqtan 60 jyl búryn, 1949 jyldyng 29 tamyzynda, Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonynda Kenes Odaghynyng alghashqy atom bombasyn jer ýstinde jaru arqyly yadrolyq qarulardy synau bastaldy; búdan 20 jyl búryn asa kórnekti aqyn, memleket jәne qogham qayratkeri Oljas Sýleymenovtyng jetekshiligimen «Nevada-Semey» antiyadrolyq qozghalysy qúryldy, al 18 jyl búryn, 1991 jyldyng 29 tamyzynda Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaev «Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonyn jabu turaly» №409 Jarlyqqa qol qoydy.
Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonynyng sayasi, әskery mәnin jәne poligondaghy jarylystardyng zardabyn ekonomika, ekologiya, medisina, psihologiya, morali túrghysynan zerdelegen zertteushilerding enbekteri az emes, búl taqyryp әli de jazyla beredi. «Nevada-Semey» antiyadrolyq qozghalysynyng tarihy róli jóninde de azdy-kópti jariyalanymdar bar. Men beybitshil qozghalystyng poligonmen irgeles ornalasqan Pavlodar oblysyndaghy belsendi ókili retinde ózim jaqsy biletin birshama jayttardyng keybirin ghana jazudy úighardym.
Dәl osy shaqtan 60 jyl búryn, 1949 jyldyng 29 tamyzynda, Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonynda Kenes Odaghynyng alghashqy atom bombasyn jer ýstinde jaru arqyly yadrolyq qarulardy synau bastaldy; búdan 20 jyl búryn asa kórnekti aqyn, memleket jәne qogham qayratkeri Oljas Sýleymenovtyng jetekshiligimen «Nevada-Semey» antiyadrolyq qozghalysy qúryldy, al 18 jyl búryn, 1991 jyldyng 29 tamyzynda Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng Preziydenti Núrsúltan Nazarbaev «Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonyn jabu turaly» №409 Jarlyqqa qol qoydy.
Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonynyng sayasi, әskery mәnin jәne poligondaghy jarylystardyng zardabyn ekonomika, ekologiya, medisina, psihologiya, morali túrghysynan zerdelegen zertteushilerding enbekteri az emes, búl taqyryp әli de jazyla beredi. «Nevada-Semey» antiyadrolyq qozghalysynyng tarihy róli jóninde de azdy-kópti jariyalanymdar bar. Men beybitshil qozghalystyng poligonmen irgeles ornalasqan Pavlodar oblysyndaghy belsendi ókili retinde ózim jaqsy biletin birshama jayttardyng keybirin ghana jazudy úighardym.
... Bәri de әlemdik dengeydegi asa kórnekti aqyn әri qogham qayratkeri, KSRO Joghary Kenesining deputattyghyna kandidat Oljas Sýleymenovtyng 1989 jyldyng 25 aqpanynda, saghat 17-den 45 minut ótkende Qazaqstan ortalyq televiziyasy arqyly Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonynda yadrolyq qarulardy synaudy dereu toqtatudy talap etken jәne júrtshylyqty «Nevada» antiyadrolyq qozghalysyn qúrugha shaqyrghan ashyq mәlimdemesinen bastaldy. (Eskertu: Oljas aqyn ol kezde deputattyqqa kandidat bolatyn jәne qozghalys alghashqyda «Nevada» degen bir-aq sózben atalghan edi).
Sirә, 1961 jyly, 12 sәuir kýni, qazaq jeri: Bayqonyrdan alghashqy kenestik gharyshker Yuriy Gagarin «Vostok» gharysh kemesimen ghalamshardyng tartylys kýshin keyin serpip júldyzdy aspangha samghaghan shaqta qolma-qol jazylghan «Adamgha tabyn, Jer, endi!» poemasy da qoghamdyq sanany dәl solay dýr silkindirgen shyghar. Qazaqstannyng sol kezdegi astanasy Almatynyng túrghyndary jalpy Kenes әdebiyeti tarihynda búryn mýlde úshyraspaghan tosyn jayt: poema basylghan paraqshalar úshaqtan qala ýstine tastalghanda, aspannan óleng jaughanday asqan tanyrqauly әserge bólengen bolar.
Odan song Úly Dalanyng júrtynan orystildi qazaq aqyny «Arghymaghymen» Resey qalalarynyng qaqpasynan: «Ua, aruaq!» - dep, úrandata shauyp kirgen shaghynda orys ziyalylary bayyrghy jaugershilik zamanyndaghy jyraular men Mahambetting aibyndy ruhy atoylap túrghan ólenderdi tan-tamasha sezimmen tyndasa kerek. Sosyn, fransuz aqyndary, sodan keyin әlemning shygharmashyl ziyalylary Oljastyng Dala poeziyasynan tamyr tartqan ólenderin óz tilderinde oqyghanda búrqyraghan jusan iysin jútynyp, ol iyistin Shyghys shayyrlary jyrlaghan irany baqtardaghy raushan gýlderding júpar iysinen mýlde bólek ekenin sezinui mýmkin-au.
Búdan song «Az y Ya» kitabynda Úly Dalanyng mәdeniyeti, túrmys salty, әskery әleueti, orys kinәzdikterimen hәm ózge eldermen san qyrly qarym-qatynasyna qatysty tarihty aqyn kózimen bayyptauy imperiyalyq iydeologiyagha negizdelgen resmy tarihy tújyrymdargha kereghar keldi. Sondyqtan, Sýleymenovty sayasat sahnasynda ondyrmay sýrindirudi kózdegen súr kardinal Suslov úiymdastyrghan kenestik ghylymy ortadaghy pikirsayysta Oljas ózining súnghyla bilimining arqasynda qaptaghan qarsylastarynan mereyi ýstem týsti! Sóitip, ol ózining bedelin, ataq-danqyn, lauazymyn qorghap qana qoymay, elining abyroyyn aspandatyp atamekenine oraldy! Solay bola túra, kenestik iydeologtar men olardyng ynghayyna beyimdelgen ghalymdardyng jenilisi resmy moyyndalghan joq, Oljastyng jenisi de resmy tanylghan joq. Biraq búl jenis 300 jyldyq bodandyq zardabynan ensesi ezilgen qazaq eli men týrki halyqtarynyng últtyq sanasynda últtyq maqtanysh sezimin oyatqan týrki әlemindegi alghashqy Jenis edi...
Al, aqyn Sýleymenov odan kóp uaqyt búryn «jabyq» taqyryptargha poeziya sәulesin týsirip, zamanaui qasiretti qalyng boyauly obrazdarmen bederledi. Oljastyng Shynghystau turaly eki shumaq ólenindegi:
«Qayghy-sherden bastalmaghan joq sәri,
Quarghan shóp, tambay kókting kәusәri.
Zәr sekildi, u sekildi kәdimgi
Gýl atauly sap-sary...
Shynghystauda jatyr mazar sazaryp» - degen
joldarda úly Abaydyng kindik qany tamyp, mәiiti mәngilik tynshu tapqan ólkening súrqay kórinisi arqyly atom synaqtarynyng zardaby surettelgenin senzuranyng jiti kózi bayqamady, tek zerek oily oqyrmandar anghardy. Nemese «Japan dala jabayy» óleninde qazaq jerining Taras Shevchenko men Fedor Dostaevskiyge, sheshender men ingushtargha katorga bolghany ýshin keshirim súrap, «Bizder sonda, Katorgada tughanbyz» - dep jyrlaghan aqynnyng Qazaqstangha qarata aitqan:
«Bәrin de sen synap kórdin,
Al endi
Synaulargha tiym salu jasasyn!» - degen
joldardyng astarly maghynasynan aqynnyng iydeyasyn týsinip, ýreylengender boldy. Óitkeni, kenestik zamanda, kommunistik qoghamda osynday qatpar syrly, iyirimdi oily óleng jazbaq týgil, «Úly aqyn dýniyege kelgen qasiyetti ónirdegi yadrolyq synaulargha tiym salu kerek» - degen oidyng úshyghyn sanagha úyalatudyng ózi ýreyli edi! (Ólenderdi audarghan Qadyr Myrza Áli).
Mine, sóitken Oljas Sýleymenov ainalasyna ajal sәulesin taratqan atom ordasy jónindegi qasiretti Shyndyqty Qazaqstan halqyna ashyq mәlimdep, beybitshil elding múrat-mýddesin ýzildi-kesildi talap týrinde oqys bildirgende, júrtshylyqtyng ne isterin bilmey, abdyrap qalghany ras.
...Syn saghaty bastaldy! Azamat aqyn ruhy janyshtalghan elding múrat-mýddesin jariya etip túryp, sol elding ózinen qoldau kýtkeni beseneden belgili jayt edi. Ony, eng aldymen, Qazaqstan Jazushylary Odaghynyng ýiinde Qazaqstan jazushylary qoldady! Biraq KOKP OK Bas hatshysy M.S. Gorbachevting demokratiya men jariyalyq jónindegi sózderin jalaulata, jarysa jazghan Qazaqstan baspasózi Qazaqstan halqynyng mún-múqtajyn bildiretin mәlimdemege kelgende, yqtiyarsyz «әlipting artyn baghudy» jón kórdi.
Shartty týrde «Semey yadrolyq synaq poligony» atalghan poligonnyng tóniregindegi Semey, Pavlodar, Qaraghandy oblystarynyng qyryq jylghy jarylystardan zardap shekken túrghyndary Ýndeuge ile ýn qosuy kerek edi. Ókinishke qaray, júrtshylyqtyng basym kópshiligi aqparat tapshylyghy saldarynan beybitshil Almaty mәlimdemesinen habarsyz qaldy. Al, Oljas Omarúlyn әlemdik dengeydegi danqty túlgha desek te, lauazymdyq qúzireti jaghynan «jogharydan tómenge» núsqau bere alatyn partsheneunikterdey artyqshylyqqa ie emes edi. Respublika basshylyghynyng kelisiminsiz úiymdastyrylghan, Odaq basshylyghynyng әskery ústanymyna kereghar keletin bastamagha onyng janyndaghy jankeshti qalamgerler qol qoyghanymen, aimaqtardaghy shygharmashyl ziyalylardy osy iske tartugha jýrekteri daualamady. Óitkeni, júrtshylyqtyng biraz bóligi alghashqy bette «Otpen oinau!» dep qabyldaghan nar tәuekel isting sony nemen ayaqtalatynyn Oljas ta, ne onyng әriptesteri de bilgen joq desem, qatelese qoymaspyn.
...Pavlodar oblysynda Oljas Sýleymenovtyng mәlimdemesi jayynda aqparat taratu jәne «Nevada» qozghalysyn qoldaushylardyng qolyn jinau mәselesi ózdiginen tuyndady. Búl oraydaghy is-sharalardy jýzege asyrugha Ertisting Kereu óniri júrtshylyghyna belgili aqyn, osy joldardyng avtory bel budy. Sol kýnderi Pavlodar qalasynyng ortalyq alanyna tayau ornalasqan «SUM» әmbebap dýkenining aldynda qolyma plakat ústap túrghan maghan myndaghan beybitsýigish adamdar rizashylyq sezimin bildirdi, mýsirkey qaraghandar da, mysqyldap keleke qylghandar da boy kórsetti! Qalay desek te, kenestik kezendegi komsomoldardyn, keyingi jastar úiymdarynyng kerneyletip, syrnaylatyp ótkizetin qanday da bir aksiyasymen salystyrugha mýlde kelmeytin әlgi is-shara barysynda júrtshylyqtyng «Nevada-Semey» qozghalysyn shynayy halyqtyq, demokratiyalyq, internasionalistik, eng beybitshil әri patriottyq qozghalys retinde birden tany bastaghany bilindi.
Oljas Sýleymenov pen qazaqstandyq shygharmashyl ziyalylar, Qazaqstan әdebiyetindegi tanymal túlghalardyng beybit bastamasyna jәne Semey poligonynyng zardabyna jergilikti shygharmashylyq adamdary beyjay qaraghan joq! Poligondy jabu jәne qozghalysty qoldau turaly talaphatqa oblystyq partiya komiytetining organy bolyp tabylatyn «Saryarqa samaly» men «Zvezda Priirtyshiya» gazetteri, oblystyq televiziya men radio jurnalisterining basym kópshiligi birden qol qoydy! Qozghalystyng Pavlodar oblysynda qanat jangyna jer-jerdegi shygharmashylyq adamdary: Ghabit Saparov, Qayyr Jýnisqaliyev (endi marqúm), Serik Múhtarov, Qanat Shayghaziyn, Ómirbek Qúshmanov (endi marqúm), Rizolla Búlanbaev (May audany), Júmaghaly Qoghabaev (Ekibastúz qalasy), Sýleymen Bayazitov (Bayanauyl audany) is-әreketimen de, shygharmalarymen de zor ýles qosty. Solardan ýlgi alghan on myndaghan soghys jәne enbek ardagerleri, týrli salada enbek etushiler, studentter, tipti oqushylar da beybitshil isti qoldaugha júmyla kiristi!
Osynday syndarly kezende Qazaqstan kompartiyasy Pavlodar oblystyq komiytetining I hatshysy, KSRO Joghary Kenesining deputaty Yuriy Alekseevich Mesheryakovtyng Semey yadrolyq synaq poligonynyng basshysy, general-leytenant A. D. Ilienkomen jeng úshynan jalghasatyny jәne antiyadrolyq «Nevada-Semey» qozghalysyn qoldamaytyny angharyldy. Áu basta, onyng atyna jazghan hatyma oray meni qabyldauyna shaqyrtyp, qozghalysqa degen kózqarasy dúrys ekenin aitqany shyndyqpen sәikespedi.
Pavlodar qalasy Iliich audandyq partiya komiytetining hatshysy (qazir Qazaqstan kompartiyasy oblystyq úiymynyng I hatshysy) Zoya Nikolaevna Kojanova «Nevada-Semey» qozghalysynyng oblystyq bólimshesin qúru isine tikeley aralasyp, onyng qúramyna tipti qozghalysqa qarsy adamdardy: búryn partsheneunik bolghan zeynetkerlerdi, óz yqpalyndaghy dәrigerlerdi, radiologtardy engizip jiberdi. Olar oblysqa belgili ekolog Toqbolat Ysqaqov pen medisina ghylymdarynyng kandidaty Erkin Beysenbaevtyng Semey poligonynyng Pavlodar oblysyna tiygizer teris әseri jónindegi naqty mәlimetterge negizdelgen topshylauyn joqqa shygharugha tyrysty.
Zoya Nikolavnanyng ózi: «Qozghalystyng poligondy jabu jónindegi talaby oryndy emes» degen synaydaghy pikir bildirip, bastamashyl top arasynda teris ýgit-nasihat jýrgize bastady jәne әlgindey kommunist dәrigerlerding birin bólimshe tóraghalyghyna saylaugha qamdandy. Z.N. Kojanovanyng qozghalystyng oblystyq qúrylymyn osylaysha, jergilikti biylikke tolyq tәueldi әri jasandy týrde qúru pighylyn angharghandyqtan, atalghan saylau qarsanynda naghyz belsendilerdi janyma toptastyrdym. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde, qoghamdyq jauapty qyzmetke bizben qarym-qatynasy tyghyz, Pavlodar pedinstitutynyng «Ghylymy kommunizm» pәninen dәris oqityn oqytushysy Amantay Qaliyevting ótuin sәtti úiymdastyrdym. Ókinishke qaray, Amantay Tóleuhanúly kóp úzamay әlgilerding sózin sóilep ketti, onymen tynbay ózin tóraghalyqqa ótkizgen shynayy belsendilerdi bólimsheden birtindep shettetip, qozghalysqa esh qatysy joq bógde adamdardy janyna jinady, әri bizding qarsylyghymyzgha qaramastan, bólimshening jeke esep shotyn ashyp aldy. Ásirese, osy songhy isi oghan opa bermedi... Endi búl dýniyede joq adamnyng keyingi is-әreketteri jóninde jazugha mening dәtim jetpeydi.
Osynday qúrsauda qalghan qozghalys belsendileri birshama uaqyt boyy qajyr-qayratyn oblystyq partiya komiytetine qarsy júmsaugha mәjbýr boldy jәne ózderining jankeshtiligi arqasynda ghana beybit mitingiler ótkizu qúqyna qol jetkizdi. Degenmen, oblystyq partiya komiyteti basshylyghynyng «Nevada-Semey» qozghalysyna degen teris ústanymyn jer-jerdegi partiya úiymdarynyng kópshiligi quattaghan joq, birtalayy qozghalysqa ashyq qoldau kórsetuge kiristi. Mysaly, May audany Chapaev kenshary (qazirgi Saty auyly) partiya úiymynyng hatshysy Mereke Ábilqasymov audandyq dengeyde alghashqy antiyadrolyq mitingining úiymdastyryluyna múryndyq boldy, Qyzylqúrama kenshary (qazirgi Baskól auyly) partiya úiymynyng hatshysy Qabiyden Bayghojin jәne ózgeler de birneshe beybit aksiyalardyng úiymdastyryluyna belsene atsalysty.
Almaty, Semey, Qaraghandy tәrizdi qalalar men oblystardaghydan birshama uaqyt keshirek qolgha alynghan jәne negizinen May audanynda ótkizilgen antiyadrolyq miniygiler ózindik sipattarymen erekshelendi. Aytalyq, audan ortalyghy Belogoriede (qazirgi Kóktóbe) ótkizilgen mitinginde beybit talaptarmen birge «Nevada-Semey» qozghalysyn qoldaushylardyng biri, «Qazaq tili» qoghamy oblystyq úiymynyng sol kezdegi tóraghasy Jenis Mardanovtyng jәne osy joldar avtorynyng úsynysymen Qazaqstan kompartiyasy Pavlodar oblystyq komiytetining I hatshysy Yu.A. Mesheryakovqa jәne oblystyq atqaru komiytetining tóraghasy J. Gh. Ysqaqovqa senimsizdik bildiru jóninde qarar qabyldandy. Ókinishke qaray, oblys basshylyghyna qatysty sheshimdi qozghalystyng oblystyq bólimshesining sol kezdegi tóraghasy oqymay ketti. Degenmen, kóp úzamay telejurnalist retinde oblystyq televiziyadan poligon turaly «Zardap» atty habar dayyndaghanymda әlgi senimsizdik turaly sheshimdi júrtshylyqqa men jariya ettim.
Poligon týbinde ótkizilgen mitingide May audanynyng mәdeniyet qyzmetkeri Altynbek Ábilqasov shopandardy sayasy ereuil jasaugha ýndep, «Qoylaryndy qamap tastandar, Mesheryakov pen Ysqaqov kelip, ózderi baqsyn!» - degen qisynsyz sóz saptaugha deyin bardy. Eger múnday jaghday oryn alsa, әriyne, oblys basshylyghy kelip qoy baqpaytyny jәne ashtan qyrylatyn mal shyghynynyng ornyn Altynbekting toltyrmaytyny belgili jayt edi...
Mitingilik demokratiya qarqyn alghan sol 1990 jyldary qozghalys sapyna kóldeneng kelip qosylghan kók attylar kóbeydi, daqpyrtqúmar danghazashylar tilderin bezep shygha keldi. Jeke bas arazdyghy boyynsha audan basshylaryna tisin qayrap jýrgen keybireu miting minbesinen әlgilerdi ayausyz synap-minep ósh aldy, sóite túra ózderin jýrek jútqan kýresker demokrat keypinde kórsetuge tyrysty. Tipti, aupartkom ghimaratynyng aldynda bala-shaghasymen birge ashtyq jariyalaytynyn aityp, pәter mәselesin sheshudi kózdegender de boy kórsetipti.
Al Semey oblysyndaghy jaghday demokratiya talaptaryna sәikes, meylinshe órkeniyetti ýrdispen óris aldy degen oidamyn. Óitkeni, Qazaqstan kompartiyasy Semey oblystyq komiytetining I hatshysy Kenshilik Boztaev jәne Abay audandyq partiya komiytetining I hatshysy Hafiz Mataev «Nevada-Semey» qozghalysy qúrylysymen-aq, óz qúzireti shenberinde, mýmkindiginshe qoldau kórsetti. Tek, qazaqtyng osy eki asyl azamatynyng Semey poligonynda songhy eki yadrolyq qarudy synau jónindegi әskeriylerding ótinishine kelisim bergeni júrtshylyqtyng narazylyghyn tughyzghan óte ókinishti jaghday boldy! Mine, sodan bastap qozghalys jetekshileri men oblys basshylyghynyng joly eki airyldy! Estuimshe, Oljas Sýleymenov pen Kenshilik Boztaevtyng sol kezdegi qarym-qatynasyn qazirgi kezde baspasóz betinde barynsha kýrdelendirip sipattau oryn ala bastaghan siyaqty. Búl mәselening sheshimin maghan salsa, «Taulardy alasartpay, dalany asqaqtatayyq» degen Oljastyng qanatty sózine sýiengen dúrys der edim... Áytsede, «Nevada-Semey» antiyadrolyq qozghalysyn «Oljas emes, ózge bireu úiymdastyrypty-mys» - degen qanqu sózdi oidan shygharu ne ýshin qajet bolghany jәne kim ýshin paydaly ekeni maghan da, qozghalystyng Kerekudegi ózge belsendilerine de qúpiya syr bolyp qaluda.
Tipti, Oljas Sýleymenovtyng ózi asa qúrmettegen Dinmúhammed Qonaev nemese odan keyin Qazaqstan KP OK I hatshysy bolyp istegen Gennadiy Kolbin Semey poligonynyng zardaptary jóninde júrttan búryn mәsele kóterip, «Nevada-Semey» qozghalysyn qúrghan kórinedi - degen boljam jasasaq ta, qisynyn keltire almaymyz ghoy. Óitkeni, búlar Qazaqstan biyligining eng joghary satysynda túrghanymen, Kremlide otyrghan kompartiya alpauyttaryna Kenes Odaghynyng yadrolyq quatyn synap, jetildiretin poligondy jabu jóninde ýzildi-kesildi talap qoi týgil, emireuin bildiruge de batyly bara ma jәne әleumettik tegi, sayasy ústanymy, diny senimi, últy әrkelki jýz myndaghan adamdy sonynan ertuge bedeli jete me?..
Osynau sózder eriksiz aityldy ghoy. Áytpese, jigittik shaghynyng ózinde Qazaqstan men Kenes Odaghy tarihynda, sonymen qatar әlem tarihynda oiyp túryp óz ornyn alghan zamanymyzdyng zanghar túlghasy biz sekildi qatardaghy azamattardyng ózin aqtap sóileuine múqtaj emes. Jәne aqyndyghy men qayratkerligin órkeniyetti elderding barlyghy әldeqashan moyyndaghan dýniyejýzilik auqymdaghy asa iri kórnekti túlgha: Oljas Sýleymenov qazirgi shaqta qazaqstandyq joghary ataqtardy qajetsinbeydi hәm ózine qarsy kampaniya jýrgizip jatqan qazaqtardyng syn jebelerine de selt etpeydi...
Sóz sonynda aitarymyz: dýniyejýzinde yadrolyq qarusyz әlemge birinshi bolyp qadam basqan beybitsýigish elding beybit ómiri bayandy bolsyn! Pikir sanaluandyghy tanylatyn demokratiyalyq qoghamda Tәuelsiz, Beybitshil Qazaqstan jónindegi biregey qoghamdyq oy ekige jarylmaugha tiyis...
Pavlodar qalasy