Tarihtyng Abaygha artqan jýgi tek әleumettik mәseleler ghana emes, úrpaqtarynyng aldynda ózining aqyndyq mindetin, yaghny әdebiyet mәselesin de jýktegenin ol jaqsy úghyndy. Abay óz boyyndaghy barlyq mýmkinshiligin búl joldan da ayaghan joq. Abay qazaq poeziyasyn әri mazmúny, әri kórkemdigi jaghynan joghary satygha kóterdi. Ózine deyingi qazaq óleng qúrylystaryndaghy tabystardy paydalana otyryp, ony damytugha kýsh saldy. Shyghys, orys, batys әdebiyetterining úly klassikterining tuyndylarymen jaqsy tanysqan aqyndy qazaq ólenining bayyrghy týrleri qanaghattandyrmady. Jana mazmúngha janasha týr izdedi, búl salada da Abay tarihy mәni zor úly ózgerister jasady.

 

1Q.Júmaliyev. «Abaygha sheyingi qazaq poeziyasy jәne Abay poeziyasynyng tili», Qazaqtyng memlekettik oqu-qúral baspasy, Almaty, 1948, Z.A.Ahmetov. «Kazahskoe stihoslojeniye», izd-vo «Nauka, A-Ata, 1964.

 

Abaygha deyingi auyz әdebiyeti, tarihy әdebiyetti alsaq, qazaq óleng qúrylysynyng ýsh-aq týri bolatyn:

1. On bir buyndy; 2. Jeti buyndy; 3. Aralas buyndy (búghan kiretinder - әnge arnalghan ólender men jyrlarda kóp kezdesetin kóp joldary jeti buyn, keyde segiz buyn jәne buyndary aralas kelip otyratyn ólender). Mysaly:

 

 

Tarihtyng Abaygha artqan jýgi tek әleumettik mәseleler ghana emes, úrpaqtarynyng aldynda ózining aqyndyq mindetin, yaghny әdebiyet mәselesin de jýktegenin ol jaqsy úghyndy. Abay óz boyyndaghy barlyq mýmkinshiligin búl joldan da ayaghan joq. Abay qazaq poeziyasyn әri mazmúny, әri kórkemdigi jaghynan joghary satygha kóterdi. Ózine deyingi qazaq óleng qúrylystaryndaghy tabystardy paydalana otyryp, ony damytugha kýsh saldy. Shyghys, orys, batys әdebiyetterining úly klassikterining tuyndylarymen jaqsy tanysqan aqyndy qazaq ólenining bayyrghy týrleri qanaghattandyrmady. Jana mazmúngha janasha týr izdedi, búl salada da Abay tarihy mәni zor úly ózgerister jasady.

 

1Q.Júmaliyev. «Abaygha sheyingi qazaq poeziyasy jәne Abay poeziyasynyng tili», Qazaqtyng memlekettik oqu-qúral baspasy, Almaty, 1948, Z.A.Ahmetov. «Kazahskoe stihoslojeniye», izd-vo «Nauka, A-Ata, 1964.

 

Abaygha deyingi auyz әdebiyeti, tarihy әdebiyetti alsaq, qazaq óleng qúrylysynyng ýsh-aq týri bolatyn:

1. On bir buyndy; 2. Jeti buyndy; 3. Aralas buyndy (búghan kiretinder - әnge arnalghan ólender men jyrlarda kóp kezdesetin kóp joldary jeti buyn, keyde segiz buyn jәne buyndary aralas kelip otyratyn ólender). Mysaly:

 

 

            4                      3                      4

Qara taudyng basynan kósh keledi,

            4                      3                      4

Kóshken sayyn bir taylaq bos keledi.

            4                      3                      4

El-júrtynan airylghan jaman eken,

            4                      3                      4

Eki kózden móldirep jas keledi1.

 

***

 

                 4                      3

Alty qyrly aq myltyq,

                 4                       3

Ata almasam maghan sert.

                  4                     3

Tolghauyma shydamay,

                  4                     3

Tolyqsysang saghan sert.

 

 

***

 

                   4                      3                       4                         2

Bir tolarsaq, bir tobyq sanda bolar, jar-jar-au,

                  4                  3                    4                2

Ár adamnyng tileui alda bolar, jar-jar-au.

                  4                        3                         4                      2

«Ákem-ay!» dep jylama, bayghús qyzdar, jar-jar-au,

                  4                    3                      4                        2

Ákeng ýshin qayyn atang onda bolar, jar-jar-au.

 

 

1Eskertu: Qazaqtyng on bir buyndy ólenderi bunaqtarynyng orny auysyp týsuine qaray ózara ýshke bólinedi. Bas bunaghy 3 buyndy, orta bunaghy 3 buyndy, ayaqqy bunaghy 3 buyndy. Jalpy sany 11, odan ózgermeydi.

 

Nemese (jyrlarda keletin týri):

            4                      3

Birazyraq jyrlayyn,

            4                      3

Boztorghayday shyrlayyn,  

 

            5                      3

Bosaghasy biyik bireudi

            4                      3

Basa kelip qorlayyn...

 

Qazaqtyng óleng qúrylysy sillabikalyq óleng qúrylysynyng jýiesine jatatyndyqtan, negizgi ólsheuishi - buyn. Buyny jaghynan auyz әdebiyetining de, Abaygha deyingi tarihy әdebiyetting de jetken jeri osy edi. Búl týrler qazaq ólenderinde әbden túraqtalyp, bekip alghan bolatyn. Abay eng aldymen qazaq ólenderining osy jaghyna kónil bóldi.

Dәuirding ózgerui, oi-sananyng ilgerileui, әleumet ómirining jalpy damuy jana mazmúndy tughyzsa, jana mazmún jana týrdi kerek etti. Abay qazaq óleng qúrylysyna eng aldymen 6 buyndy jәne 8 buyndy ólenning eki týrin engizdi. Múnyng ekeui de jana. Keybir joldastar 6 buyndy, 8 buyndy óleng ólshemi búrynnan da bar, qazaqtyng maqal-mәtelderinde kezdesedi degendi aitady. Qazaqtyng Abaygha deyingi yrghaqqa qúrylghan qara sózderinde onday buyn sandarynyng úshyraytyndyghy ras. Biraq olar - belgili bir jýiege týsken ólshem emes, kezdeysoq týrler. Akademik Radlov qazaqtar sózi men sóilemderin kóbine yrghaqqa qúrady deydi. Búl aitqannan qazaqtar tek ólenmen ghana sóileydi eken degen úghym tumasqa kerek. Múndaghy shyndyq - basqa elderding sóz qúrastyruy, sóileulerine qaraghanda, qazaqta sóileu yrghaghynyng anaghúrlym aiqyn seziletindigin anghartu ghana. Sol tәrizdi 6-8 buyndy ólenderding maqal-mәtelde kezdesulerin belgili bir jýiege týsken, poeziyalyq dәrejege kóterilgen, naqty óleng ólsheui dep qarau, әriyne, eshkimdi sendire almaydy. Sóilemde yrghaq, úiqastardyng kezdesuin óleng dep bas salu - orynsyz. Yrghaqqa qúrylghan qara sóz de, ne keybir taqpaqpen keletin sóileuler de úiqasyp aityla beredi.

Bazargha keshe men baryp,

Ýige qayttym nan alyp, -  degen sóilemdi alsaq, yrghaghy da, úiqasy da týgel. Biraq búnyng poeziyagha ýsh qaynasa, sorpasy qosylmaydy. Óleng dep yrghaqtyng belgili bir tәrtippen qaytalauyn, úiqastarynyng berik saqtaluyn, dybys qúrylystarynyng zandylyq, әuezdiligin, bәri qosyla kelip, bir mazmúndy beruin jәne tek jay ghana aityp jetkizu emes, jan sezimine әserli boluyn úghamyz. Onysyz óleng joq. Poeziya biyigine kóterilgen óleng dep biz tek osynday tuyndylardy ghana tanuymyz kerek.

«...Poeziya - eto biyenie pulisa mirovoy jizni, eto ee krovi, ee ogoni, ee svet y solnse»1, - dep úly synshy Belinskiy jay aitpaghan. 6-8 buyndy ólender Abaydan bastaldy degende biz osy túrghydan aittyq. Abaygha deyingi qazaqtyng auyz әdebiyetining keybir núsqalarynda kezdesetin 6-8 buyndy sóz tirkesteri ólenge qoyylatyn sharttargha jauap bere almaydy. Al Abay ólenderinde kezdesetin 6-8 buyndylardyng shyn mәninde poeziyalyghyna eshkim de talasa almas.

Abaydyng ýshinshi janalyghy jәne eng kýrdelisi - «aralas buyndy» óleng týrleri. Búl óleng ólshemining Abaygha deyingi qazaq poeziyasynda tek elementi ghana bolatyn. Negizinde, әnge salyp aitylatyn ólenderde (Mysaly, «Jar-jar», t.b.) jәne jyr aghymymen keletin 7-8 buyndy ólenderinde kezdesetin. Al óz aldyna әnsiz, jyr aghymynan tysqary keletin Abaydyng «Segiz ayaghy», «Keyde eser kónil qúrghyryn» tәrizdi ólender qazaq poeziyasynda joq bolatyn. Búl týrdi qazaq óleng qúrylysyna engizip, «jana týr» derlik dәrejege kótergen - Abay. Qazaq poeziyasyna buyny jaghynan ýsh týrli óleng qúrylysyn engizdi deuimizding sebebi de osy. «Aralas buyndy» óleng ólshemining aty bireu bolsa da, óz ishinde týrleri kóp jәne qazaq óleng qúrylysyn Abaydyng janalyqtarmen bayytuynyng da deni osy aralas buyndy ólenderining týrlerinde jatyr.

Abaydyng óleng qúrylysyn zertteushi avtorlar S.Múqanov «Abay qazaqtyng óleng mәdeniyetine 11 týrli óleng tehnikasyn qosty» dese, E.Ysmaylov «...Abayda 16 týrli jana óleng qúrylysy bar» deydi.

Búl kitapta jalpy óleng qúrylysyn jәne Abay ólenderin tereng taldap jatpaymyz. Óitkeni qazaqtyng óleng qúrylysynyng negizderi «Ádebiyet teoriyasy» kitabynda jәne Z.A.Ahmetovting «Kazahskoe stihoslojeniye» atty monografiyasynda tolyq mәlimet bererlik dәrejede keng týrde sóz bolady. Biz búl enbekte qazaq óleng qúrylysyna Abay engizgen janalyqtardyng negizgi týrleri men prinsipterine ghana toqtalamyz. Mәselege osy túrghydan kelsek, S.Múqanov pen E.Ysmailovtardyng Abay óleng qúrylysynyng týrleri turaly pikirlerinde keliserlik te, kelisuge bolmaytyn kemshilikter de joq emes.

S.Múqanov joldas Abay ólenderining janalyghyn sóz etkende, qazaq óleng qúrylysynyng týrin, ereksheligin jasaytyn shumaq joldarynyng buyn sandarynyng belgili bir zangha baghynynqylyghyn eskermey, qazaq ólenining negizi etip buyn men úiqasty qatar alady. Avtordyng qatesi osynda. Qazaq óleng qúrylysynyng negizi - buyn. Jalpy sillabikalyq óleng qúrylystaryn taldaghanda, buyn negizge alynady. Jalpy óleng ýshin úiqastyng mәni zor. Biraq úiqas kómekshi qúraldardyng biri ghana.

 

1V.G.Belinskiy. Estetika y liyter. Kritika, «v dvuh tomah», tom I, str. 407.

 

E.Ysmaylov joldas qazaq óleng ólsheulerining negizin buyn etip ala túrsa da, sol pikirine túraqtamaydy. Bir buyn jýiesine jatatyn, biraq óz ishinde buyn sany әr basqa ólenderdi jýiesinen bólip alyp, әrqaysysyn óz aldyna jeke óleng týri dep qaraydy. Áriyne ol da qate. Mysaly, «Segiz ayaq», «Alty ayaq» nemese «Sen meni ne etesin» atty ólenderding ózara týrleri әr basqa bolsa da, búlardyng bәri bir qúrylys, bir jýiege, yaghny aralas buyndy óleng qúrylysyna jatady. Jogharghy «Segiz ayaq», «Alty ayaq», taghy basqalaryn sóz etkende, olardyng tegi aralas buyndy ólen, mynalar sonyng týrleri dep qarau kerek. Múqanov, Ysmailovtardyng keltirgen mysaldary negizinen dúrys. Qatelikteri - tegi men týrin shatastyrularynda.

Qazaq óleng qúrylysyna Abay engizgen jana týrleri degenimizding ýlgisi retinde birneshe mysaldar keltireyik.

S e g i z  b u y n d y  ó l e n:

                                    4                      4

Jarym jasy (     ) kiyim kiyip,

                 4                            4

Keldi jangha (    ) jyly tiyip.

                   4                          4

Diuana boldy (     ) búl kónilim,

                    4                         4

Basylmay bir (     ) qúshyp-sýiip...

 

 

A l t y  b u y n d y  ó l e n:

            3                      3

Qara kóz, (     ) iymek qas,

            3                      3

Qarasa (     ) jan toymas.

            3                      3

Auzyng bal, (     ) qyzyl gýl,

            3                      3

Aq tising (     ) kir shalmas...

 

 

A r a l a s  b u y n d y  ó l e ng n i n  j a ng a  t ý r i:

                        5

Alystan sermep, (     )

5

Jýrekten terbep, (     )

                        5                                 3

Shymyrlap boygha (     ) jayylghan. (     )

                        5

Qiyadan shauyp, (     )

                        5

Qisynyn tauyp, (     )

                        5                      3

Taghyny jetip (     ) qayyrghan

                        5                                 3

Tolghauy toqsan (     ) qyzyl til, (     )

                        5                                 3

Sóileymin desen, (     ) ózing bil...

 

 

            4                      2

Sayray ber, tilim (     )

      4                           3

Sarghayghan song (     ) búl dertten!

                  5

Býgildi belim, (    )

                        4                      3

Jar tayghan song (     ) әr sertten. (     )

                        5

Qamyqty kónil, (     )

                        6

Qaytse bolar jenil?..

 

 

                        4

Boyy bylghan,

4

Sózi jylman

                        5                      3

Kimdi kórsem (     ) men sonan (     )

                        4

Betti bastym, (     )

                        4

Qatty sastym, (     )

                        4                      3

Túra qashtym jalma-jan. (    )

 

 

               4                   3

Sen meni (     ) ne etesin? (     )

4

Meni tastap,

            4

Óner bastap,

            3

Jayyna

            4

Jәne aldap,

            2

Arbap,

            4                                  4

Óz betinmen (     ) sen ketersin

  3                      3

Nege әure (     ) etesin?

                4

Qosylyspay (     )

            4

Boyyna (     )

           

4

Jәne jattan

            2

Bay tap

            4                      4

Ómir boyy (     )  qor etesin». (     )

 

 

                4                     4

Ata-anagha (     ) kóz quanysh, (     )

                                        4                             3

Aldyna alghan (     ) erkesi

               4                         4

Kókiregine (     ) kóp júbanysh (     )

                4                     3

Týrlenip oy (     ) ólkesi. (     )

                 5

Erkelik ketti, (     )

            3

Erjetti, (     )

            3

Ne bitti?..(     )

 

            4                                 4

Ám jabyqtym, (     ) әm jalyqtym

4                                 4

Sýieu bolar (     ) qay jigit?

            4                                 4

Kónilden ket- (     ) ken song tynym

            4                                 4

Ám sýiindim, (     ) әm týnildim

            4                                 3

Ýnemi ne et- (     ) ken ýmit?

            4                                 4

Ótken song bar (     ) jaqsy jylyn!

 

                                                4                                 3

Súrghylt túman (     ) dym býrkip,

4                                 3

Barqyt beshpent (     ) sulaydy.

                        4                      3

Jenimenen (     ) kóz sýrtip,

                        4                      3

Súrlanyp jigit jylaydy.

                        4                      3

Áyelmisin, (     ) jylama,

                        4                      3

Tәuekel qyl (     ) qúdagha!

            2

Óleng ait,

            2

Ýige qayt!

 

            3                                 3

Syrmaq qyp (     ) astyna

3                                 3

Bayynyng (     ) toqymyn.

            3                                 3

Otynyng (     ) basyna

            3                                 3

Tórining (     ) qoqymyn

            3

Býksitip, (     )

            3

Qoqsytyp, (     )

            3                                 3

Qoqsytyp (     ) keltirdi.

            3                                 3

Osynyng (     ) bәrimen

            3                                 3

Kónilde (     ) mini joq

            3                                 3

Jýzining (     ) nәrimen

            3                                 3

Boyynyng (     ) syny joq.

            3

Býkshiyip, (     )

            3

Seksiyip, (     )

            3                      3

Týksiyip (     ) óltirdi.

                         4                      3

Tәuekelmen (     ) batyr oi,

4                      4

Ótkir tildi (     ) nayza etip,

                       

4                      3

Sayysyp-aq (     ) baqty ghoy

                        4                      3

Neshe týrli (     ) aila etip.

            3                                 3

Oylanbay, (     ) qayran júrt

            3                                 3

Úyalmay (     ) qal jym-jyrt.

              4

Taygha mindik,

4

Toygha shaptyq.

            4                                 3

Jaqsy kiyim (     ) kiyinip.

            4

Ýki taqtyq,

            4

Kýlki baqtyq,

            4                                  3

Joq nemege (     ) sýiinip.

            3

Kýikentay kýtti,

            3

Qús etti

            3

Ne bitti?

    Búl keltirgen mysaldardyng әrqaysysyn jeke alyp qarasaq, bәri de jana. Abaygha deyingi qazaq poeziyasynda bolghan emes, bәri de Abaydyng qalamynan tughan óleng týrleri. Áytse de tegi bireu-aq, ol - aralas buyndy óleng qúrylysy. Bizding búl keltirip otyrghan mysaldarymyz - dau aitugha bolmaytyn, ólenning shumaghy, bunaghy, buyndary (eng aldymen buyndary), yaghny barlyq jaqtary týgel eskerildi. Abayda búlardan basqa әli de oilanynqyraudy, dәleldey týsudi kerek etetin aralas buyndy óleng týrleri de bar. Biraq olardyng shumaghy, úiqastary belgili bir tәrtipke negizdelse de, buyn tәrtibi berik saqtalynbaydy.

            Sol syqyldy Abayda segiz buyndy ólenning de birneshe týrleri bar. Mysaly, әr joly 8 buyn, biraq bunaghy 5 buyn men 3 buynnan qúralatyn ólender de kezdesedi.

             5                      3

Jýrekte qayrat // bolmasa,

            5                      3

Úiyqtaghan oidy // kim týrtpek.

            5                      3

Aqylgha sәule // qonbasa,

            5                      3

Hayuansha jýrip // kýneltpek, t.b.

             Tap dәl osy mysaldaghyday tórt qúbylasy týgel bolmasa da, 5+3 buyndardan qúralatyn joldar. Abaygha deyin de әrtýrli jaghdayda kezdesetindikten, biz tek Abay qalamynan tughan 4+4 bolyp keletin 8 buyndy ólendi ghana aldyq ta, 8 buynnyng basqa týrlerine toqtalghanymyz joq.

            Abay qazaq ólenderine әrtýrli janalyqtardy ýsh týrli jolmen kirgizgenge úqsaydy. Keybir ólenderin әnge arnap jazghan. Keybir ólenin qazaqta búrynnan bar ólenderding izimen jaza kelip, ayaghyna janasha bunaq, buyndar qosyp, janartqan, keybir ólenderdi basqa elderding aqyndarynyng óleng qúrylysyna eliktep, sol әdispen jana týr jasaghan.

            Búrynghy aralas buyndy ólenderding qaysysy bolsyn әnsiz, ólendik qasiyeti az bolatyn. Abaydyng búl da ýlken sheberligining bir tamyry. Sonymen qatar Abay - ólenning jana týri, jana qúrylysyna óte saq, óte sanaly týrde qaraghan aqyn.

 Shýu degende qúlaghyng tosansidy,

Múnday sózdi óskesin búryn kórmey, -  dep, aqynnyng óz sózi ólenning tek mazmúnyna ghana emes, týri turaly da aitylghan edi. Abay olay dep aitpaghan kýnde de, múny jogharghy keltirgen mysaldardyng ózinen de angharugha bolady. Abaydyng janalyq degen bir ólenin tútas alyp, qúrylysyn bayqasaq, onyng birinshi shumaghyndaghy әr joldyng buyn sandarynyng ekinshi shumaghynda dәlme-dәl qaytalanyp otyryluy, sóz joq, aqynnyng ózi engizgen janalyqtargha sanaly týrde kózqarasy bolghandyghyn kórsetedi. Abaydyng qazaqtyng óleng qúrylysyna jasaghan novatorlyghy - onyng tarihy úly enbegining negizgi bir salasy.

            Qoryta aitqanda, Abaydyng tarihy zor mәni qazaq tarihyndaghy erekshe, óz kezindegi әleumet ómirining aiqyn ainasy bolyp, óz kezining aldynghy qatardaghy әleumettik oi-sananyng jiyntyghy, sarqyndy-sirindisi bola aluynda. Búl - bir. Ekinshi, óz dәuirindegi jana mazmúngha jana týr izdep, qazaqtyng ózine sheyingi óleng qúrylysyna ýlken ózgeris jasap, qazaq óleng qúrylysyn jana arnagha salyp, janasha týr engizip, ol týrdi qazaqtyng til, óleng qúrylysyna tabighy etip sinire aluynda. Búl - eki.

            Osy aitylghan ýlken tarihy mәni bar eki mәselemen nyq baylanysty ýshinshi bir mәsele kelip shyghady, ol - qazaqtyng әdebiyet tilin jasau, damytu, ilgeriletudegi Abaydyng mәni men tarihy orny qanday degen mәsele.

            Abay - óz kezindegi aldynghy әleumettik oi-sananyng jiyntyghy, qazaqtyng óleng qúrylysyna novatorlyq jasady desek, qazaqtyng әdebiyet tilin damytu, bayytyp, ilgeriletude de osy pikirdi aitamyz.

            Abaydyng poetikalyq tili - bizde keng zerttelgen taqyryp. Ol turaly osy joldar avtorynyng «Abaygha deyingi qazaq poeziyasy jәne Abay poeziyasynyng tili» degen monografiyasy 1948 jyly jeke kitap bolyp basylyp shyqty. Sol enbek az-múz óndelip, «Qazaq әdebiyeti tarihynyng mәseleleri jәne Abay poeziyasynyng tili» (1960j.) atty eki tomdyq enbekting II tomyna endi.

            «Abay poeziyasynyng tili» atty enbekting aldyna qoyghan maqsaty - Abaydyng qazaq әdeby tilining negizin salushy, janalyqtar engizushi retinde dәleldeu bolatyn. Abay engizgen janalyqtary, tilimizdi damytudaghy enbegin jinaqtasaq, tómendegi qorytyndygha kelemiz.

Birinshi, eng aldymen Abay týr mazmúnynyng týri boluy kerek, últtyq týr, әleumettik, adam balasylyq iydeyany aityp beru ýshin júmsaluy kerek, әr sóz maghyna jaghynan dәl, pikiri anyq, týsinuge jenil jәne sóilemde ekiúshty, ne oigha qatysy joq sóz bolmauy kerek degen prinsipti ústady.

Ekinshi, Abay qazaq tilining arab, parsy, tatar sózderimen shúbarlanyp, qazaq tilinde degen keybir ólenderdi qay tilde ekenin aiyru qiyn halge jetken kezinde tarihy sahnagha shyghyp, qazaq tilin orynsyz shúbarlaushylargha ayausyz soqqy berip, ana tilin taza saqtady.

Ýshinshi, qazaqtyng ózine deyingi til baylyghyn, shyghystyn, orystyng klassik poeziyalarynyng ýlgilerin mengere otyryp, qazaqtyng әdeby tiline deyingi әdebiyetterde qoldanylmaghan jana sóz, janasha sóilem qúrylystaryn engizdi. Áriyne, Abay engizgen janalyqtaryn jasandy sózderden oidan sóilem qúrastyrghan joq. Búrynghy әdebiyetterde qoldanylmaghan, biraq qazaqtyng sózdik qúramynda bar sózderdi paydalana bildi. Abay sózdik qor men sózdik qúramdaghy bar sózderding maghynasyn shynday týsti. Sóitip ol qazaqta sol sózderding sony baylanystaryn tauyp, ony qazaqtyng әdeby tilining klassikalyq ýlgisine ainaldyrdy.

Tórtinshi, qazaq әdebiyetinde eskiden kele jatqan oi-sananyng sәbiylik, bala kezimen baylanysty tughan tildegi әsireleudin, litotalyq poetik tilderdi eskilik sanap, onyng ornyna ómir shyndyghymen nyq baylanysty, ómir qúbylysyn suretteuding jana әdisin úsyndy. Ár obraz, әr surettelgen kórinisining negizinde shyndyq boluy kerektigining aiqyn ýlgisin kórsetti.

Besinshi, búrynghy әdebiyette bolsa da, әli dәuirley almaghan satiralyq әdis, onyng ótkir qúraly sanalatyn sarkazm, ironiyalardy eng jogharghy satygha kóterip, halyq tirshiligine ziyandy is-әreket, minez-qúlyqtardy sheneuding kýshti qory etti.

Altynshy, Abay ózine deyingi әdebiyette joq, adamnyng ishki sezim dýniyesin tikeley suretteu әdisine sonydan jol salyp, jan-kýidi suretteude dýniyejýzining atyshuly aqyn-jazushylarynyng shygharmalarymen teng týsetin shygharmalar berip, ózining asqan sheberlik, ústalyghyn úrpaqqa ónege retinde qaldyrdy.

Jetinshi, Abay qazaqtyng ózine deyingi auyz әdebiyeti, tarihy әdebiyetindegi aqyl-naqyl sózderining ýlgisin ala otyryp damytty, ilgeriletti. Sózding búl týrlerin tek búrynghy shenberlerinde qaldyrmay, filosofiyalyq oilau shegine jetkizdi. Qiiyn tauyp qalay bilse, qazaqtyng sóz baylyghymen de teren-tereng filosofiyalyq oi-pikirdi aityp beruge bolatyndyghyn aiqyndap, filosofiyalyq oi-pikirdi qalay aityp beruding ýlgilerin qaldyrdy.

Segizinshi, qazaqtyng búrynghy әdebiyet núsqalarynda tek parallelizm týrinde ghana kezdesetin tabighat qúbylystaryn suretteudi óz aldyna ólenning bir janrynyng týri dәrejesine jetkizip, súlu peyzajdyq ólenderin jasady.

Toghyzynshy, orys әdebiyetining úly klassik aqyndarynyng ólenderin audaryp, olar arqyly dýniyejýzilik әdebiyetke qol sozdy. Qazaq júrtshylyghyn jer jýzining danqty aqyn-jazushylarynyng sóz, iydeyalarymen tanystyryp, klassik audarmalardyng ýlgi, ónegelerin keyingilerge sabaq etti. Orystyng úly aqyndaryn tereng týsinip audara otyryp, olardyng ýlgisimen qalay jana sóz, sóilemder qúru jәne olardy qazaqtyng óz úghymyna jatyq, kóniline qonymdy etip shygharu әdisterin kórsetti. Sóitip, qazaqtyng әdeby tilin bayytu, kýsheytude búl mýmkinshilikti de tolyq paydalana bildi. Dýniyejýzilik әdebiyetpen ózining jaqsy tanystyghy arqasynda, adamnyng minezin suretteu әdisi keyde «dialog» týrinde, keyde «qystyrma sóz» týrinde, sóilem aralarynda qoldanylatyn «tól sózderdin» ózine sheyin әdebiyette bolmaghan jana ýlgilerin jasady.

Onynshy, poeziyanyng әleumet ómirindegi mәni men orny ýlken ekendigin tereng týsinip, shyn mәnindegi kórkem poeziya jasaudaghy negizgi qúral til ekendigin dúrys úghynyp, oghan airyqsha kónil bólu kerektigin tanytty. Tildi baghalamaushylyqqa, oghan jýrdim-bardym qarap, sóz «qadirin» ketirushilikke, ar men aqyndyq mindetin arzandatyp, «maqtau» óleng aitushylyqqa, taghy basqa osylar syqyldy sózding mazmúnyn jәne iskusstvolyq qasiyetin tómendetushilikke, týr qualap, jasandy sóz, shyndyqtan tys obraz jasaushylyqqa da qarsy kýres ashyp, sózding әri kórkem, týsinikti, әri mazmúndy boluyn talap etip, ózi onyng aiqyn núsqalaryn jasap berdi.

Abaydyng әdeby til turaly keyingiler ýshin ýlken mәni de, úly enbegi de, qorytyp aitqanda, osy on týrli mәselelerding ainalasynan tabylady. Bir dәuirding aldynghy qatardaghy iydeyalarynyng jaqtaushysy, kýresushisi boluy, bir halyqtyng ghasyrlar boyy sýtpen enip, sýiekke singen әdebiyetinde ýlken ózgeris jasauy, qazaqtyng әdeby tilin ózine deyingi әdeby tilding dәrejesinen әldeqayda jogharylatuy, mәdeniyetti elder poeziyasynyng tilderining qataryna jetkizui Abaydy qazaqtyng úly klassik aqyny etti.

(Jalghasy bar)

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