Alash sarbazy Damolla Biytileuov turaly ne bilemiz?
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Byltyrghy, yaghny 2023 jylghy 17 mausymda Týrkistan qalasynda ótken Últtyq qúryltayda, Preziydent Q.Toqaev, Jýsipbek Aymauytovtyng búryn belgisiz bolyp kelgen jana shygharmasynyng tabylghanyn mәlimdegeni esterinizde bolar. Artynsha Memlekettik kenesshi E.Karin әleumettik jelide osy janalyqqa kenirek toqtalyp, ólenning aty «Tez ólmen» ekenin jәne ólenning ghalymdardyng qolyna qalay týskeni jayly tarqata jazghan bolatyn. Búl kýni atalmysh tuyndy elimizding ýsh institutynyng ghalymdarynan qúrylghan júmys tobynyng lingvistikalyq taldauynan ótip, Preziydent arhiyvine ótkizilgeni belgili.
E.Qarinning aituynsha, óleng Qaraghandy OGPU-ynyng is qaghazdarynyng arasynan shyqqan. Qaraghandy oblystyq OGPU basqarmasyna qarasty arnayy bólimining basshysy L.V. Kruchinin tergeu hattamasynda búl ólendi alashordashyl azamat, Karlagta qamauda otyrghan Damolla Biytileuovti tergegen kezinde anyqtaghanyn jazghan. Tergeu barysynda Damolla Biytileuov Ahmet Baytúrsynúly, Mirjaqyp Dulatov jәne basqa da alashordashylarmen qarym-qatynasy jayynda aita kele, Uayda Baybekovpen ekeui Jýsipbek Aymauytovtyng óleni jayynda әngimeleskenin, jәne U.Baybekov búl ólendi Damollanyng aituymen qaghazgha týsirgenin aitqan.
Mәlimette kórsetilgendey, Damolla Biytileuov búl ólendi Karlagta otyrghan sottalushylar arasynda nasihattap jýrgen. 1933 jyldyng 14 mausymynda, óleng mәtinin hattamagha tirkeu ýshin tergeushi N.Kadalenkogha bergen.
Qosh delik, Alash ardaqtylarynyng ómirin, enbegin zerttep-zerdeleu júmystary búl kýnde kóp-kórneu nәtiyje berip qaldy. Desek te, osy qughyn sýrgin qúrbandary jayly zertteu júmystarynda, tek Alash kóshbasshylary sekildi iri túlghalar ghana emes, sol zúlmattan zardap shekken bar otandasymyz shet qalmau kerek. Óitkeni, qughyn kórgen әr adamnyng artynda onyng úrpaqtarynyng taghdyry, tuyp-ósken auylynyng tarihy, jinala kele barsha halyqtyng sol zamanghy keskin-kelbeti men tartqan tauqymeti túr. Búl orayda qazir memleketimizde júmys istep jatqan sayasy qughyn-sýrgin qúrbandaryn tolyq aqtau jónindegi memlekettik komissiyanyn, Preziydent arhivy janynan materialdardy taldau jәne zertteu ýshin arnayy qúrylghan Ortalyqtyng júmysynyng manyzy zor. Atalmysh Ortalyq sayasy qughyn-sýrgin turaly qújattardy qúpiyasyzdandyru, sifrly formatqa kóshiru, elektrondy qor qalyptastyru júmystaryn ayaqtasa, búl salada ýlken ilgerileu bolar edi.
Osynday derekteri tolyq ashylmaghan Alashorda ókilderining biri, esimi tarihshylargha belgili bolghanymen, qalyng oqyrmangha byltyrghy janalyqtan ghana jarq etken, Jýsipbek Aymauytovtyng songhy ólenin týrmedegi taghdyrlastaryna nasihattap jýrgen, aqyry sol ólenning býgingi kýnge jetuine sep bolghan - Damolla Biytileuov. 18 jasynda Alashorda әskeri qataryna kirip, «Alash» isi boyynsha sottalghan on tórtting biri, Alash sarbazynyng ómiri jayly mәlimetti oqyrmanmen bólissek, ol bylaysha órbiydi:
Damolla Bitleuov 1900 jyly Torghay oblysy, Aqtóbe uezi, Álimbet bolysynyng 4-shi auylynda, Syntas eldi mekeninde tughan. Búl meken býginde Aqtóbe oblysy, Mәrtók audany, Hazretovka auyly dep atalady. Auyldyng Hazretovka atalu sebebi de Damollanyng atasynan qalghan atau. Atasy Atolla Bәsibekúly jas kezinde birneshe jyl Mekkede oqyp, Hәziret lauazymyn alghan adam. Auylyna oralghan son, 19- ghasyrdyng basynda Qiya ózenining boyynda óz qarjysyna alghash medrese soqqan adam. Búl medrese qazaq dalasynda soghylghan alghashqy medreselerding biri. Búl jerden batys ónirining kóptegen din ókilderi bilim alyp, san imam, maqsúm, ishan, hazret lauazymdaryn alyp shyqqan. Árbir jyldary, búl medresede Atolla hәziretten bólek Qúdaybergen hәziret, Tólegen hәziret, Ghúbaydolla hәziret, Qibash hәziret, Qúlmambet hәziret, Qazy hәziretter qyzmet etken. Osy medresening manyndaghy qorymda Atolla , Ghúbaydolla, Qúlmambet hәziretter jerlengen.
Keyinirek, yaghny 20 ghasyrdyng basynda, Stolypin reformasymen Ukraina, Resey jerlerinen auyp kelgen sharualar, qazyqtaryn Haziret auylynan tómenirek Symtas ózenining boyyna qaqsa kerek. Uaqyt óte osy Symtas mekeni auyl ortalyghyna ainalyp, Hazretovka atalyp ketken. Ókinishke oray, búl medrese de sovet zamany zúlmatynan aman qalmaghan. Kolhozdastyru kezinde, tastan salynghan meshitting qabyrghasy búzylyp jana zamannyng nysandaryn salugha paydalanghan. Dese de medresening tastan salynghan bir qabyrghasy әli kýnge deyin qúlamay saqtalyp qalghan.
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Atolla hәziret medresesining qabyrghasy. Suret jergilikti tarih pәnining múghәlimi G.Q.Múzdaqovanyng jeke qorynan alyndy
Atolla haziretting Biytileu degen balasynan Zeynolla, Qaztay, Damolla degen ýsh úl tughan. Zeynolla men Qaztay da óz zamanynyng sauatty adamdary boldy. Sol ónirde memlekettik qyzmetterde istedi. Al, Damolla auyldaghy eski medresede oqyp sauat ashqan. 1915 jyly auylgha qazaqtyng aqyny, aghartushy-ústaz Kenjeghaly Abdullin kelip jana mektep ashaqanda, sol mektepke auysyp bilim alady. Osy kisining yqpalymen A.Baytúrsynovtyn, M.Dulatovtyng enbekterin, Orynbordan shyghatyn «Qazaq» gәzetin oqyp, últshyldyqqa bet búrady. 1918 jyldyng kýzinde 18 jasar Damolla, Aqtóbeden auylgha әsker jinaugha kelgen Alashorda ókilderining ýgitimen әsker qataryna alynady. Ásker sapynda jýrip, búryn syrttay ghana tanityn M.Dulatov, M.Espolov, Gh.Birimjanov t.b. alash ziyalylarymen tanysady. 1920 jyly Alashorda ýkimeti Kenes ýkimetimen kelisimge kelgennen keyin, Tәshkent qalasyna barady. Osy jerde «Aq jol» gazetinde istep jýrgen M.Dulatovtyng kómegimen Qazaq institutynyng qúramyndaghy opytno-pokazatelinyy shkolagha múghәlim bolyp ornalasady. M.Dulatovtyng qasynda jýrip, Tәshkentke shoghyrlanghan Alash ziyalylary H.Dosmúhambetov, J.Dosmúhambetov, M.Espolov, Gh.Birmjanov, A.isupov, K.Jalenov, H.Bolghanbaev, D.Ádilevpen tanysyp, astyrtyn júmystargha aralasady.
1922 jyly Búhara Halyq respublikasy ýkimetining tóraghasy F.Hojaev pen Týrkistan ASSRi Halyq Kommisarlary Kenesining tóraghasy T.Rysqúlovtyng qoldauymen Orta Aziyadan asa qajetti mamandyqtar boyynsha shetelge bilim alugha studentter jiberu turaly sheshim qabyldanyp, tizim jasalyp dayyndyq júmystary jýrgiziledi. Aqyry 1922 jyldyng 10 qarashasynda Týrkistan men Búharadan attanghan 70-ke tarta studentting qatarynda bes qazaq balasy Damolla Biytileuov, Ghazymbek Birimjanov, Ábdirahman Múnaytpasúly, Temirbek Qazybekúly, Sabyr Tanashúly Berlinge oqugha attanady. Oqugha ketken qazaq studetteri jayly «Aq jol» gazetining bir sanynda Ghazymbek Birimjanov pen Temirbek Qazybekúlynyng Berlindegi auylsharuashylyq akademiyasyna oqugha týskenin, qalghan ýsh studentting Rastenburg qalasynda teri óndeu mamandyghy boyynsha is-tәjiriybeden ótip jatqandyghyn jazady.
Óz zamanynyng ozyq oily jastary Germaniyada jaghdaylary óte nashar bolsada, Alash iydeyasynan qol ýzbedi. Oqy jýre sol kezde shetelde immigrasiyada jýrgen Mústafa Shoqay, bashqúrt últazattyq qozghalysynyng kósemi Zәky Uәlidy Toghan syndy qayratkerlermen aralasady. «Týrkistan Últtyq Birligi» úiymynyng beldi mýsheleri boldy. Osy úiymnyng Berlinde ótken kongresine qatysyp, Ghazymbek Birimjanov pen Damolla Biytileuov orys kommunisterining sayasatyn aiyptaghan ýndeu shygharghan.
Týrkiyalyq sayasatker, jazushy Ahat Ándijannyng baspadan 2007 jyly shyqqan «Sheteldegi Týrkistandyq kýres» attty kitabynda, Almaniyadaghy studentterding sol uaqyttarda týsken sureti basylghan.
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Almaniya uniyversiytetterinde bilim alyp jatqan Týrkistandyq (Ortalyq aziya) studentter. 18 aqpan 1923 jyl
(Aldynghy qatarda otyrghandar (onnan): Ábiluaqap Oqtay, Sattar Japparúly.
Ekinshi qatar (soldan): Hayrúnnissa Músabay, Tahir Shәkir, Ghazymbek Birimjanov, Sayt Ály Qoja, Ábdal Ábdisayt, Mәriyam Súltanova, Ahmetjan Ibrahiym.
Ýshishi qatarda týregelip túrghandar (soldan) Súltan Madqúl, Sabyr Týrkistanly, Ábdiluaqap Múradi, Damolla Biytileuov, Ahmet Nayym Óktem, Temirbek Qazybekúly, Saliq Múhambet, Ábdirahman Múnaytpasov.
Suret «Ziyouz uz» ózbek әdebiyeti portalynan alyndy)
1924 jyly Damolla Biytileuov elge qaytyp oralady. Germaniyadan keterinde Zәky Uәlidy Damolladan M.Dulatovqa arnalghan hat almasudyng qúpiya shifrlaryn berip jiberedi. Sol kelgennen Qyzylorda qalasyna túraqtap әrtýrli qyzmetterde júmys isteydi.
«Alashorda» ýkimetining qayratkerlerin tútqyndau 1928 jyldyng 17 jeltoqsanynda ayaghynda Dinmúhamed Ádilevti túnqyndaudan bastalsa, Damolla Biytileuov te aghashqylardyng biri bolyp tútqyndalghangha úqsaydy. Óitkeni alghashqy jauap hattamasy 1929 jyldyng 3 qantarynda tirkelipti. Jazushy-ghalym T.Júrtbaydyng «Alash qozghalysy» materialdar jinaghynda kórsetilgen hattamalardy saralap qarasanyz D.Biytileuovtyng tergeu kezinde kóp sózbúidagha salmaghanyn angharasyz. Alash әskeri qatarynda bolghanynda, M.Dulatovtyng yqpalymen astyrtyn júmystargha tartylghanyn da, shetelde bilim alyp jýrip imigrasiyadaghy kisilermen kezdeskeninde ashyq moyyndaghan.
Bir jyldan asa jýrgizilgen tergeu nәtiyjesi boyynsha, 1930 jyldyng 12 nauryzynda, Moskvadaghy OGPU-dyng Shyghys bólimi aiyptau qorytyndysyn shyghardy. Ol aiyptauda;
- K etoy je gruppe «Alash-Ordynsev» neobhodimo otnesty Bitleuova, kotoryy v 24 godu, vozvrashayasi s ucheniya iz Germanii, priyvez s soboy Validovskiy shifr, kotoryy byl im peredan Dulatovu Miyr-Yakubu.
14. Bitleuov Damulla. 28 let, kazah, bespartiynyi, slujashiy.
OBVINYaETSYa v tom,
1) ChTO BUDUChY NA UChEBE ZAGRANIYSEY IYMEL SVYaZY S KRUGAMY BELOY VOSTOChNOY EMIGRASII, - v liyse VALIDOVA, ot
kotorogo priyvez rukovodiytelyam kontrrevolusionnoy organizasiy DULATOVU y BAYTURSUNOVU shifrovannoe pisimo y shifr.
Obvinyaemyy BITLEUOV po etomu povodu pokazal: «...V etot raz VALIDOV dal mne peredachy DULATOVU svoy fotograficheskui kartochku, zasnyatui pry perehode im granisy y vmeste s etoy kartochkoy shifrovannui zapisku dlya peredachy DULATOVU. Vse eto bylo peredano po prinadlejnosty lichno
DULATOVU, - dep kórsetilgen.
SSSR Halyq komissarlary Sovetining janyndaghy OGPU-dyng kollegiyasynyng 1930 jylghy 4 aprelidegi qaulysy boyynsha Biytileuov Damolla:
– RSFSR qylmysty ister kodeksining 58 statiyasynyng 4, 11, tarmaghyna sәikes jazanyng eng auyr týrine kesilip, ol jaza 10 jyl konsentrasiyalyq lageride óteu turaly ýkimmen almastyryldy.
«Alash isi» boyynsha sotty bolghan 14 kisining ishinen J.Aymauytov, D.Ádilev, A.ysupovqa 1930 jyly 21 sәuirde Mәskeu týrmesinde atu jazasy oryndalsa, qalghan 10 kisi 5 jyldan 10 jylgha deyin jaza arqalap, Belomor-Baltyq kanalyna, Arhangeliskige, batys Sibirge jer audarylyp, enbekpen týzeu lagerinde jazasyn ótegenderi belgili. Tek Damolla Biytileuovtyng ghana sot ýkiminen keyingi taghdyry belgisiz. Jogharyda aitylghanday, eger 1933 jyly 14 mausymda Karlag lagerinde D.Biytileuov tergeuge tartylyp hattama toltyrylghan bolsa, onda basqalar siyaqty jer audarylmaghan siyaqty. Ony anyqtau endi uaqyttyng enshisinde. Bir anyghy Alash sarbazy sol ketkennen eline qaytyp oralmaghan.
Núrjan Yntyqbaev,
Astana qalasy, 2024 jyl
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