2013 jyldyng jeltoqsan aiynda «Reyting.kz» Zertteu agenttigi respublika tәuelsizdiginen bastap Ýkimet basshylarynyng kәsiby jәne iskerlik qasiyetterine qatysty obektivti bagha beru ýshin sarapshylar arasynda saualnama jýrgizdi.

2013 jyldyng jeltoqsan aiynda «Reyting.kz» Zertteu agenttigi respublika tәuelsizdiginen bastap Ýkimet basshylarynyng kәsiby jәne iskerlik qasiyetterine qatysty obektivti bagha beru ýshin sarapshylar arasynda saualnama jýrgizdi.

Saualnamagha respublikanyng sayasy jәne әleumettik-ekonomikalyq ýrdisterdi zerttep jýrgen joghary tәjiriybeli 36 sarapshy qatysty.                          QR Ýkimet basshylarynyng kәsiby jәne iskerlik qasiyetterin baghalau ýshin 11 negizgi ólshemderining manyzdylyghy esepke alyndy. Árbir ólshem 7 baldyq jýiemen («1» - eng tómen, «7» -eng joghary) baghalandy.

Zertteu nәtiyjeleri ortasha baldardy anyqtau arqyly SPSS baghdarlamasymen esepteldi. QR Premier-ministerlerining jalpy reytingisin esepteu ýshin zertteu nәtiyjelerine arifmetikalyq amaldar (qosu men ortasha arifmetikalyq baldardy shygharu arqyly «salmaqtar») qoldanyldy.

Zertteu nәtiyjesi boyynsha túlghalardyng kәsiybi qúzyretining dengeyi tómendegi kestede anyqtaldy:

Sarapshylardyng baghalaryna sәikes, ýshtik kóshbasshylar anyqtaldy. Olar:

1. Imanghaly Tasmaghambetov (3,20 ball).
2. Ákejan Qajygeldin (2,83 ball).
3. Qasym-Jomart Toqaev (2,82 ball).

Birinshi oryngha qazirgi Astana qalasynyng әkimi Imanghaly Tasmaghambetov ie boldy. Atap keterlik bir jәit, Tasmaghambetovtyng kóshbasshy atanuy premier lauazymyndaghy nәtiyjelerimen baylanysty dep týsinuge bolmaydy. Sebebi basqa túlghalargha qaraghanda onyng qyzmeti asa úzaqqa barmady. Bәlkim, onyng sol lauazymda kóp otyrsa, onda biraz jaghymsyz beynelerge ie bolar edi.

Onyng joghary kórsetkishterge jetui mynaday manyzdy faktorlargha qatysty:

• Áli kýnge deyin Imanghaly Tasmaghambetov Astana elitasyndaghy eng yqpaldy ókilderining biri retinde esepteledi.
• Premier Tasmaghambetovtyng halyq arasyndaghy eng joghary senimge ie boluy onyng týrli daularda kórinuin eskermedi.
•  Sarapshylargha Tasmaghambetovtyng ózining ústanymyn qorghaudaghy qataldyghy men qabyldanghan sheshimder ýshin jauapkershilikti ózine alu qabileti únaydy (nәtiyjesinde premier lauazymynan ketti).

Jalpy búl faktorlar Tasmaghambetovty sayasy auyr salmaqtylar arasyndaghy bolashaghy bar degenge megzeydi. Degenmen de, sarapshylardyng kózqarastary bir faktini ghana eskermeydi. Ol – qazaqstandyq shyndyqta bolashaghy bar sayasatker bir mezette sayasy «atyp aludyn» birinshi ýmitkeri de bola alady. Oghan bir mysal - әleumettik jelilerde jәne BAQ-ta Tasmaghambetovtyng múragerlik beynesi turaly әngimeler keng talqylanuda.

Ákejan Qajygeldinnin Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtan ozuy statistikalyq qatelik sheginde jatyr. Al jalpy, Qajygeldinning reytingisine «keleshegi» ólshemi boyynsha tómen baghalar dengeyi әser etti.  Eger de, búl ólshemdi zertteu ayasynan alyp tastaghan uaqytta Ákejan Qajygeldin qazaqstandyq Premier-ministrler arasynda eng myqty bolar edi.

Sarapshylardyng baghalary boyynsha, Qajygeldin «Últtyq ekonomikanyng damuyna jekeley qosqan ýlesi», «Daghdarysqa qarsy basqaru qabiletteri», «Ýkimet júmysyn úiymdastyru», «Ashyqtyq dengeyi» ólshemderi boyynsha kóshbasshy atandy. Búl ólshemder joghary rangidegi memlekettik menedjerlerding jetistigin aiqyndaydy.  

Sarapshylardyng kózqarasy boyynsha, Qajygeldin Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng qazirgi әleumettik-ekonomikalyq jetistigining pishinin saldy. Ómirlik manyzy bar ekonomikalyq jәne әleumettik reformalar keshenin ótkizdi. Onyng kóbisi postkenestik kenistikte novatorlyqqa teneldi. Sóitip, Qajygeldinning premier retindegi jetistigi ózine qarsy oinady. Búl faktor qazirgi Preziydentke qarsy jalghyz ghana bәsekeles boluyna yqpal etti. 

Qasym-Jomart Toqaevqa keletin bolsaq, kóshbasshylar ýshtigine tikeley qazirgi keleshegining jogharghy baghalary arqasynda endi. Senat Tóraghasy retinde Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng formalidy múrageri bola otyryp, ol qazirgi Preziydent tarapynan joghary dengeyde senimge ie bolghanyn kórsetip otyr.

Premier-ministr Toqaev ortasha sharuaqor retinde jәne jemqorlyqqa qatysty ortasha kýdikpen este qaldy. Ol basqa qarastyrylyp otyrghan premierler (Serik Ahmetovtan basqasy, sebebi ol ýshin bәri alda) arasynda «týrli janjaldarda kórinui» ólshemi boyynsha eng tómengi baghalargha ie boldy.  

Toqaevtyng diplomattyghy men әdeptiligi, ekonomikalyq mýddelerding joqtyghy nәtiyjesinde onyng beynesi Núrsúltan Nazarbaevtyng formalidy múrageri róline say keletin qazaqstandyq elitadaghy ynghayly әri ymyrashyl túlgha retinde qalyptasty. 

Sonday-aq, «Qazaqstannyng syrtqy sayasattaghy kóp vektorlyq» tújyrymdasynyng avtory retinde, yqtimal múrager túrpatynda geosayasy oiynshylar arasynda asa allergiya qozdyrmaydy

Premier-ministr qyzmetinde kóp otyruyna qaramastan, Kәrim Mәsimov sarapshylardyng ortasha baghalaryna ie boldy. Búghan onyng әleuetti auyr súraqtardan aulaq ústauy yqpal etti. Mәsimov – qabyldanatyn sheshimder ýshin ózine jauapkershilikti alu qabileti boyynsha premier-ministrler arasynda eng songhy oryndarynda túr. Qyzyghy sol, osy qasiyetting joqtyghy sayasatker retindegi onyng bolashaq dengeyi artpaq.

Premier-ministr retinde Mәsimovtyng kadrlyq sayasatyndaghy salghyrttyghy ýlken qamkónildik tudyrdy. Onyng ishki elitalyq toptargha jaghuy men sayasy bәsekelester arasyndaghy qarym-qatynasty ushyqtyrmau úmtylysy qazirgi Ýkimet júmysynda mәselelerding jinaluyna, týrli mekemeler mýddelerining tendespeuine әkelip soqty.

Bir qyzyghy, Kәrim Mәsimovtyng múnday jýris-túrys әdeti Preziydent Ákimshiligining basshylyghynda da saqtalyp túr. Sonymen qatar, osynday jariya emes qyzmet qazirgi uaqytta ýilesimdi bolyp shyqty jәne ol sayasy yqpaldylyqtyng ósuine әkelip soqty.

Qazirgi Premier-ministr Serik Ahmetov reytingting kóshbasshylarynan әldeqayda qalyp otyrsa da, olargha qaraghanda, onyng әli de ministrler kabiynetining júmys sapasyna yqpal etu mýmkindigi bar. Sarapshylardyng pikirinshe, songhy jiyrma jylda Ýkimet júmysyn úiymdastyru boyynsha Ahmetovtyng ýkimeti eng nashar dep tanyldy. 

Serik Ahmetovtyng kadrlyq sayasaty dau-janjaldardy azaytugha baghyttalady. Sebebi týitkildi mәseleleri kóp ministrlerge tiymeydi. Sonymen birge onyng manyzdy tehnikalyq oryndargha ózining adamdaryn jogharlatu arqyly ekonomikalyq toptamada yqpaly әldeqayda kýsheydi.

Serik Ahmetovtyng júmysynyng bir ereksheligi – ashyqtyq dengeyining tómendigi men Ministrler kabiyneti júmysyndaghy sәtsizdikter ýshin jauapkershilikti alu qabiletsizdigi.  Sonyng saldarynan Ahmetov premier-ministr retinde jýzege asyrylyp jatqan ekonomikalyq sayasattaghy syndardy ózine qabylday almay otyr. Búl auyrtpalyqty әli Preziydentting ózi alyp keledi.

Ahmetov Preziydent synyna oray esh әreket jasamay otyr. Mәselen, ishimdikter aksizderin 2015 jylgha deyin úlghaytpau sharasynda Preziydent sybaylas jemqorlyqtyng kórinisin sezdi. Biraq ta Ýkimetting osyghan oray esh әreketi bayqalmady.

Ýkimet sәtsizdikterining (әsirese әleumettik salada) jinaluy Serik Ahmetovtyng keleshegi boyynsha tómengi baghalarymen baylanystyrugha bolady. Ministrler kabiynetining basqa salalaryndaghy әleumettik sheshimder, oilastyrylmaghan bastamalar tolqyny Ahmetovty «azap túlghasyna» ainaldyruda. Songhy ótken viyse-premierler rotasiyasy, әsirese, әleumettik salada, týkke túrghysyz. Osy orynda halyqpen qyzmet ete alatyn, aimaqtargha jii shyghyp túratyn, kәsipodaqtarmen birlese otyryp qyzmet etetin myqty bedeldi túlgha boluy tiyis. Al qazirgi viyse-premier Gýlshara Ábdihalyqovada múnday qasiyetter joq. Sóitip, әleumettik salanyng «otyryp qaluy» Ahmetov Ýkimetine keri әser tiygizeri anyq.  

Osyghan memlekettik búqaralyq aqparat qúraldary tarapynan Ahmetovtyng ýkimetine aqparattyq shabuyly dәlel bola alady. Búghan deyin qyzmet etken premierlerding eshbiri de múnday tosyn syigha tap bolmaghan edi.  

Sonymen qatar, sarapshylar Ahmetovtyng Ýkimet júmysyndaghy sәtsizdikterining jalpy sanyna syn kótermeytin dengeyde dep baghalamaydy. Sondyqtan da qazirgi premier-ministrde qatelikterdi týzeu ýshin uaqyty bar.

Reytingting autsayderleri bolyp Núrlan Balghymbaev, Danial Ahmetov pen Sergey Tereshenko tanyldy. Atalmysh túlghalar qazirgi tanda qazaqstandyq belsendi sayasatynan alshaq. Danial Ahmetov Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq komissiyasynda manyzdy oryngha otyrsa, Núrlan Balghymbaev pen Sergey Tereshenko biznes ortasynda jýr.

Eskeretin bir jәit, Sergey Tereshenko men Núrlan Balghymbaevqa qatysty sarapshylardyng baghalaryn sol uaqyttaghy qiyn ekonomikalyq jaghdaylarmen týsindiruge bolady. Al Danial Ahmetovtyng baghalaryn múnaydyng әlemdik baghasynyng ósui men Qazaqstanda múnay shygharudyng úlghaytyluymen baylanystyrugha bolady.

Kezinde Núrlan Balghymbaev batys qazaqstandyq elitasynyng sayasy kóshbasshysy retinde kórinu talpynysy bolghan. Biraq keyin búl oryndy Imanghaly Tasmaghambetov nemese Aslan Musin siyaqty auyr salmaqtylargha berdi. Onyng mýmkindikterining azangy iri múnay shygharatyn kompaniyalargha múnay qyzmetin beruge baghyttalghan «Kaspiy haby» jobasyn (Aqtau qalasy) iske asyrudaghy sәtsizdiginen kóruge bolady.

Danial Ahmetovtyng pozisiyalarynyng әlsireui jemqorlyqqa qatysty daulardan basqa, «Euraziyalyq toptyn» yqpaldylyq dengeyining tómendeuimen, olardyng qazaqstandyq ekonomikadan shyghuymen baylanysty.

Sergey Tereshenkonyng qarapayym mýmkindikteri Aleksandr Sutyaginskiyding «Bioetanol» AQ zauytyndaghy daghdarysy kezinde bayqaldy. Atalmysh zauyttyng 30% aksiyasy oghan tiyesili bolatyn. Kәsiporyndy azyq-týlik spirtin shygharugha qayta ózgertu arqyly saqtap qalugha bolar edi. Biraq ta zauyt qojayyndary búl mәseleni sheshe almady. Demek, mynaday qorytyndy jasaugha bolady. Tereshenko elding sayasy elitasynan ghana shyghyp  qoymady, sonymen  qatar biznes ortada shekteuli lobbistik mýmkinderining bary anyqtaldy.

Jalpy qorytyndylar

Basty qorytyndy – QR Ýkimetining birde-bir basshysy joghary baldardy iyelenbedi (3,5-7 aralyghynda). Memlekettik mansapta ekinshi oryngha ie búl lauazymnyng júmysyn sarapshylar qauymdastyghy qanaghatsyz dep baghalady.

Jәne mynaday zandylyq – qazaqstandyq elitadaghy premier-ministrlerding orny men týrli dau-janjaldarda kórinu ólshemderining baghalarynyng baylanysy anyqtaldy. Yaghni, túlghanyng sayasy salmaghy artqan sayyn, onyng bәsekeles toptar tarapynan syn obektisine ainalady.

Tipti, «elitada moyyndaluy», «kәsiby qasiyetter», «Ýkimet júmysyn úiymdastyru», «daghdarysqa qarsy basqaru qabileti» boyynsha joghary baldargha ie bolghan kóshbasshylardyng jalpy reytingtegi bagha asa joghary bolmady.

Ásirese, sarapshylar songhy onjyldyqqa asa mәn berdi. 2003 jyldan bastap qazirgi kýnge deyin (Danial Ahmetov, Kәrim Mәsimov, Serik Ahmetov) keybir mәseleler sozylmaly sipattamagha ie boldy:

• Ministrlik pen әkimshilikterding bólingen qarjyny iygermeui. Núrsúltan Nazarbaev 10 jyl boyy atalmysh mәseleni sheshu turaly tapsyrma bergen edi. Biraq ta atalmysh tapsyrmagha qadam jasalmady.
• Qazaqstannyng eshbir Ýkimeti jeke jobalar men týrli salalyq damu baghdarlamalaryn jýzege asyruda memlekettik shyghynnyng negizdiligin baghalau mәselesin sheshpedi. Ýkimettegi búrynghy qúramnyng júmys nәtiyjelerin saraptau mәselesi kóterilgen joq.  
• Birde-bir Ýkimet memlekettik baghdarlamalar men damu strategiyalaryn jýzege asyru sapasyn saraptau mәselesin sheshe almady. Eski bastamalardyng sәtsizdigi jana jobalar men baghdarlamalardy tudyrady. Biraq jasaqtau әdistemesi, jýzege asyruy men baqylauy sol qalpynda qaldy. Demek, jana jobalar da sәtsizdikke úshyraydy. Mәselen, Ýkimet Ýdemeli-industrialdyq innovasiyalyq damudyng memlekettik baghdarlamasynyng ekinshi kóshin jýzege asyrudy bastaytynyn jetkizdi. Biraq ta, birinshi kóshting nәtiyjeleri qorytyndylanbady. Ekonomikadaghy klasterler baghdarlamasy, әleumettik-kәsipkerlik korporasiyalary baghdarlamasy, «30 korporativtik kóshbasshy» baghdarlamasynyng nәtiyjelerine qorytyndy jasalmaghanyn da aitu qajet.
• Kadrlyq sayasatta kóptegen saualdar tuyndady. Songhy ýsh premier-ministr kadrlyq sheshimderdi qabyldaudan alshaqtady: Danial Ahmetov «Euraziyalyq toptyn» beyresmy ornyna baylanysty bolsa, Kәrim Mәsimov kelisimpazdyq sayasatty ústandy. Sebebi sayasy auyr salmaqtylarmen baylanysty ornatqysy keldi. Al Serik Ahmetovte tek sayasy salmaq jetispeydi. Qazirgi tanda paradoksaldy jaghday tuyndady. Kadrlyq sheshimderde premier-ministrlerding әkimder men últtyq kompaniyalardyng basshylaryna qaraghanda erkindigi әldeqayda az. Al keybir ministrlikter «jekelengen qúrylymdargha» ainaldy. Óz kezeginde olar mәselelerdi jinap jatyr. Ol bolsa, barsha Ýkimet júmysyna әserin tiygizip jatyr.
• Songhy on jylda Premier-ministr lauazymyna ýmitkerlerdi tandau kәsiby kórsetkishtermen qatar, olardyng sayasy derbessizdigi kórsetkishi kirdi. Imanghaly Tasmaghambetovten keyin Preziydent premierlikke derbestigi tómen funksionerlerdi taghayyndaudy jón kórdi. Sonyng saldarynan premier-ministr lauazymynyng sayasy yqpaly azaydy. Danial Ahmetov, Kәrim Mәsimov pen Serik Ahmetov syndy túlghalardy taghayyndau kezinde tehnikalyq premier, sharuaqor jәne tehnokrattar retinde qabyldandy.
• Ministrler kabiynetining júmysyn aqparattyq qoldauy tómendedi. Songhy on jyl ishinde qarsy pikir bildirushilerding syny kózqarastaryna layyqty jauap bere alatyn sayasy salmaqtyng joqtyghynan premier-ministler aqparattyq kenistikte jaghymsyz aqparattardyng payda bolu qaupin azaytugha mәjbýr boldy. Synnan qashu úmtylysy saldarynan Ýkimet júmysynyng ashyqtyghy tómendey bastady. Al Kәrim Mәsimovting premierligi kezinde arnayy jasaqtalghan qyzmetter aqparattyq aghynmen aila-sharghy jasau qadamdary boyynsha shara qoldandy. Premier-ministrlerding azamattarmen qarym-qatynas jasaudan bas tartuy nәtiyjesinde ýkimetting transparenttiligining dengeyi tómendedi. Búl ekonomikalyq sayasatty týsindiru baghytynda istep jatqan Ýkimet Preziydentke salmaq týsirgizdi.

Nәtiyjesinde Ministrler kabiyneti júmysyndaghy kemshilikter jýieli, sozylmaly sipattamagha ie boldy. Biraq mәselelerding jinaqtalu barysynda Ýkimet júmysynyng evolusiyalyq ózgeristerding joqtyghy elimizde revolusiyalyq jaghdaydy tughyzatyn joly bolmaq.

Tik atqarushy biylikting eki manyzdy funksiyasyn (monitoring pen qabyldanatyn әleumettik-ekonomikalyq sheshimderdi baqylau) jýzege asyruda «otyryp qalu» ýrdisi bayqalyp jatyr. Búl funksiyalardy Preziydent Ákimshiligining әleumettik-ekonomikalyq taldau bólimi ishinara oryndaydy. Al Premier-ministrding Kensesinde atalmysh bólim joq. Sonday-aq, últtyq baghdarlamalar men jobalardyng jýzege asuyn taldaytyn atalmysh bólimning jasaqtau qajettigi anyq. Sonyng joqtyghynan Ýkimet Preziydent Ákimshiligi tarapynan jii sógis alyp, «úrugha arnalghan bala» kebin kiide.

Jaghdaydy jaqsartu maqsatynda «Reyting.kz» zertteu agenttigi mynaday úsynystardy úsynady:

• Premier-ministr Kensesi qúrylymynda últtyq/salalyq baghdarlamalar men jobalardyng jýzege asuyn taldau Bólimin qúru;
• Jýzege asyrylyp jatqan baghdarlamalar men jobalardy, shyghyndardy dayyndap qoyyn tekseru ýshin Preziydent Ákimshiligi qúrylymynda Baqylau-tekseris bólimin jasaqtau (kólenkeli ekonomika mólsherin azaytu ýshin);
• Kadrlyq sayasatty jýzege asyrghanda Ýkimet basshysyna keng erkindik beru arqyly búrys kadrlyq sheshimder ýshin jauapkershilik shegin aiqyndau;
• Ýkimet basshylarynyng ashyqtyghyn arttyru, Ministrler kabiynetining negizgi júmystary men bastamalary boyynsha brifingterdi engizu.

«Reyting.kz» zertteu agenttigining kelesi zertteu nysany  QR Preziydent Ákimshiligining júmysy bolmaq.

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