1902 j. 16 qantar. Gaspra

Izgilikti bauyrym!

 Osylaysha habarlasudy barynsha oryndy sanauym, sizge patsha retinde emes, kәdimgi adam esebinde – bauyr tútqandyqtan. Onyng ýstine ajalym jaqynday týskesin,  o dýniyeden jazyp ta otyrghandaymyn.

Sizge eger de kәzirgi qyzmetiniz qanday bolugha tiyisti ekenin, osy baghytta kete berse, milliondaghan adamdargha da, sizge de qanshalyqty iygilik әkelerin jәne de adamdargha da, sizge de qanshalyqty zúlymdyq keltiretini jayynda  ne oilaytynymdy aityp ketpey, ólgim de kelmeydi.

Reseyding ýshten biri kýsheytilgen kýzet jaghdayynda, yaghny zannan tys ómir keshude. Jasauyldar әskeri – kórinetini bar, jasyryny bar – barghan sayyn qaptay týsude. Týrmeler, aidau oryndary men katorgalargha adam syimauda, jýz myndaghandar sayasy qylmysker esebinde qamaluda, búlargha endi júmysshylardy da qosa bastady. Senzuranyng qisynsyz tyiymy jamanat asqynghan 40-jyldarda da múnday bolmap edi. Diny qudalau kәzirgidey eshqashan jii әri qatal bolmaghan, endi barghan sayyn qatayyp әri jiyilep barady. Qala bitken, fabrika ortalyqtarynda әsker shoghyrlanghanymen qoymay, shynayy oqpen halyqqa qarsy attanuda. Kóptegen jerlerde qandastardyng qandary tógilgeni azday, barlyq jerde odan әri әzirlik qamdaluda, odan da zor qatygez jayttyng bolary sózsiz.

1902 j. 16 qantar. Gaspra

Izgilikti bauyrym!

 Osylaysha habarlasudy barynsha oryndy sanauym, sizge patsha retinde emes, kәdimgi adam esebinde – bauyr tútqandyqtan. Onyng ýstine ajalym jaqynday týskesin,  o dýniyeden jazyp ta otyrghandaymyn.

Sizge eger de kәzirgi qyzmetiniz qanday bolugha tiyisti ekenin, osy baghytta kete berse, milliondaghan adamdargha da, sizge de qanshalyqty iygilik әkelerin jәne de adamdargha da, sizge de qanshalyqty zúlymdyq keltiretini jayynda  ne oilaytynymdy aityp ketpey, ólgim de kelmeydi.

Reseyding ýshten biri kýsheytilgen kýzet jaghdayynda, yaghny zannan tys ómir keshude. Jasauyldar әskeri – kórinetini bar, jasyryny bar – barghan sayyn qaptay týsude. Týrmeler, aidau oryndary men katorgalargha adam syimauda, jýz myndaghandar sayasy qylmysker esebinde qamaluda, búlargha endi júmysshylardy da qosa bastady. Senzuranyng qisynsyz tyiymy jamanat asqynghan 40-jyldarda da múnday bolmap edi. Diny qudalau kәzirgidey eshqashan jii әri qatal bolmaghan, endi barghan sayyn qatayyp әri jiyilep barady. Qala bitken, fabrika ortalyqtarynda әsker shoghyrlanghanymen qoymay, shynayy oqpen halyqqa qarsy attanuda. Kóptegen jerlerde qandastardyng qandary tógilgeni azday, barlyq jerde odan әri әzirlik qamdaluda, odan da zor qatygez jayttyng bolary sózsiz.

Jәne de ýkimetting osynday barynsha shiryqqan әri qatal qyzmetining nәtiyjesindey, diqan halyq – әlgi Resey quatynyng arqay sýieytin júrtshylyghy – memlekettik budjetting kemerinen asyp óskenine qaramastan, jyldan jylgha kedeylene týsude, sol sebepti de asharshylyq kәduilgi qúbylysqa ainaldy. Dәl solaysha, barlyq soslovie tarapynan ýkimetke degen narazylyq pen jauyghu da sonday qúbylys bolyp otyr.

Múnyng bәrine sebep te ashyq kýndey aiqyn, ol: sizding shabarmandarynyz halyqtyng qanday da bir qozghalysyn túnshyqtyru arqyly sol halyqty iygilikpen qamtamasyz etu hәm sizdi mazasyzdyghynyz ben qauipsizdiginiz qamtamasyz etiledi dep sendiredi. Alayda, jaratqan ornyqtyrghan adamzattyng ylghy da algha úmtylysyna bóget bolghannan góri, ózenning aghysyna  bógeu salghan mýmkin bolar. Osynday tәrtipten payda tabatyn әri ishtey  «apresnousledeluge» * deytin adamdar sizdi bәrine sendire alady jәne soghan mindetti de; biraq barynsha erkin, eshtenege múqtaj emes,parasatty da qayyrymdy adam bola túryp, solargha senip әri olardyng súmdyq kenesterine erip, zúlymdyqtan qayyrymgha, týnekten jaryqqa úmtylghan adamzattyng mәngi qozghalysyn toqtatu sekildi oryndalmaytyn múrat ýshin sonshama zúlym isterdi isteu nemese soghan jol beru qayran qalarlyq.

* bizden song topansu bassa da meyli (fr.)

Siz barynsha dóreki, qatal da aqylsyz keyipten meylinshe júmsaq, adamy әri parasatty sipatqa kóshken bizge mәlim adamdar ómiri, ekonomikalyq jәne  qoghamdyq, sonday-aq diny әri sayasy ómir ýlgileri turasynda  bilmeuiniz mýmkin emes.

Kenesshileriniz sizge búnyng shyndyq emestigin, orys halqyna pravoslavie men samoderjavie (jeketólbiylik) tәn bolsa, kәzir de sol ekeui  tәn jәne ómirlerining sonyna deyin sol layyq, sondyqtan orys halqy ýshin iygilik retinde bir birimen baylanysqan ómirding osy eki formasyn: diny nanym men sayasy týzimnen qanday jaghdayda da aiyrmau kerektigin aitady. Alayda búl eki ese ótirik әngime. Birinshiden, bir zamanda orys halqyna tәn bolghan pravoslavie býgin de oghan layyq deuge bolmaydy. Ober-prokuror Sinodtyng eseptemesinen siz ziyan men qaterge qaramastan halyqtyng barynsha ruhany damyghan adamdarynyng pravoslaviyeden jyraqtap, jyldan jylgha sekta atalatyn topqa qosyluy molayyp baratynyn kóre alasyz. Ekinshiden, halyqqa pravoslaviyening tәn ekendigi әdiletti bolsa, onda nanymnyng búl týrin kýshtep tanyp jәne ony teriske shygharatyndardy sonsha qataldyqpen qudalau sonshalyqty orynsyz.

Samoderjaviyege kelsek, eger de halyq patshanyng eshbir kýnәsiz әri ol halyqty jeke basqaratyn  jer betindegi Qúday ekendigine sengen kezde tәn bolsa, endi kópshilik nemese bilimdi bóligi mynany biledi – birinshiden, jap-jaqsy patshanyng «unheureuxhasard» * ekendigi, al patshalardyng Ioann IV, bolmasa Pavel siyaqty onbaghan da, topas ta bolatynyn jәne bolghandyghyn, ekinshiden, qanday jaqsy patsha bolsa da, bir basy 130 million halyqty eshqashan da basqara almaytynyn, halyqtyng iygiliginen góri qara bastarynyng qamyn oilaghan patsha sybaylastarynyng biyleytinin. Aytynyzshy: patsha ózine adal da jaqsy kómekshi tanday ala ma? Baqytsyzdyghy sol, patsha múny istey almaydy, óitkeni, ol óz manayyna kezdeysoq nemese  týrli timiski joldarmen  juysqan jәne de ózderin almastyratyn ózgelerdi jolatpaugha tyrysatyn pysyqaylardy ghana biledi. Sol sebepti patsha kómekshilikke jekege emes, jalpy iske úmtylatyn pysyq,myqty da, naghyz bilimdiler men adal adamdardyng ishinen emes, Bomarshe: "Mediocreetrampantetonparvient a tout" ** degenderding qatarynan tandaydy. Eger de kóptegen orystar patshagha baghynugha dayar bolsa da, olar onyng manayyndaghy ózderin jek kóretin әri patsha atynan halyqty basqaratyn adamdardyng mazaghyna qatysty tyrp etpesten baghyna almaydy.

* kezdeysoq sәttilik (fr.)

** «Týkke túrghysyz bol da qúrday jorghala – bәrine qol jetkizesin» (fr.). Tolstoy Bomarsheni dәl me dәl mәteldep otyrghan joq ( «Figarony ýilendiru», 3-akt, Figaronyng sózi: «Qúldyq úru sýiegine singender –bәrine de qol jetkizetinder osynday». - N. Lubimovtyng audarmasy).

Sizdi Mәskeude bolmasa basqa qalalardaghy kezdesude  toptalghan júrttyng sonynyzdan «alaqaylap» jýgirgeni, shamasy, halyqtyng jeketólbiylikke degen yntasynday sezilip, sizdi adastyratyn bolsa kerek. Búghan sizge degen shynayy berilgendik kórinisi ekenine senbey-aq qoyynyz, - búlar kózderine týsetin tanghajayyptargha dәl osylay esi kete  jýgiretin әuesqúmar top qana. Ózinizge degen halyq inkәrligindey qabyldaytyn búl adamdar sizge degen sýiispenshiligin kórsetu mindettelgen kóbinese jasauyldardyng jinastyryp, әzirlegen tobyry ghana, mysaly ,Harikovte sobor halyqqa lyq tolghanda, olar bar bolghany qarapayym kiyingen jasauyldar bolatyn.

Eger de siz patshalyq sapar kezinde men sekildi temirjol boyyna tartylghan әskerding qalqasyndaghy sharualar leginde jýre alsanyz jәne de olardyng әngimesin tyndasanyz: kórshi auyldardan salqyn men laysang jerde nandaryn qoltyqtap,birneshe kýn boyy sizdi kýtken aghamandar (starosta), jýzdikter, ondyqtardyng әngimesinen, halyqtyng naghyz qarapayym ókilderinen jeketólbiylik pen onyng ókiline degen narazylyqty angharar ediniz. Egerde 50 jyl búryn Nikolay I kezinde patshalyq biylik barynsha abyroyly bolsa, songhy 30 jylda ýzilissiz týrde qúldyraumen keledi, sondyqtan da ýkimetting jarlyghyn ghana emes, patshanyng ózin de balaghattap,tipti mazaq etuge eshbir qysylmaytyn boldy.

Samoderjavie barghan sayyn bilimi artyp kele jatqan orys halqynyng emes,  dýniyeden jyraq, әldebir ontýstiktegi Afrika halqynyng talabyna say keletin, әbden tozghan biylik ýlgisi. Sondyqtan da osy biyleu týrin qoldau men oghan qatysty pravoslaviyeni qoldau, kәzir qolgha alynyp otyrghanday nebir kýshteuding arqasynda:   kýsheytilgen kýzetpen, әkimshilik alastaumen, ólim jazasymen, diny qudalaumen, kitap, gazetterdi tyiumen, tәrbiyeni búrmalaumen jәne basqa da topas әri qatygez istermen ghana jýzege asady.

Jәne de sizding búghan deyingi patshalyghynyz osylay bolyp keledi. Júrttyng ansary aughan tilegin, Tveri deputasiyasyna jauabynyzdy aitam, sizding «mәnsiz armandau» ("bessmyslennye mechtaniya" *) atap, orys qoghamyn antang qaldyrghanynyz, -  Finlyandiya turasyndaghy barlyq jarlyghynyz**,qytaylyq basqyn*** turaly, Gaaga konferensiyasy boyynsha jobanyz, әskerding kýsheytiluimen kýzetip jýrui**** - sizding tól biyliginizding osaldanuy men әkimshilik ozbyrlyqtyng órshui, nanym ýshin qudalaudy qoldauynyz,sharap monopoliyasyn bekituge, yaghny halyqty ulaytyn ýkimet tarapynan u saudasy boyynsha bastamasyna kelisim beruiniz, jәne de orys halqyn masqaralaytyn mәnsiz de týkke túrghysyz sharany kórsetetin dәiekterge qaramastan, adam denesin qorlap jazalaugha taban tireuiniz, - múnyng barlyghy sizding jeniltek kómekshilerinizding kenesi bolmasa mýmkin emes maqsatty – halyq tirshiligin túsaudy bylay qoyghanda, ony búrynghy tozyghy jetken qalpyna  keltirudi de oigha almas ediniz.

* Nikolay II ózining zemstva men dvoryanstva aldynda sóilegen sózinde «ishki ózin ózi basqaru isine qatysudy mәnsiz armandau» dep túqyrtqan jәne «samoderjaviyanyng negizin barynsha kýzetetinin» mәlimdegen edi.

** Patshalyq ýkimet Finlyandiyada orystandyru sayasatyn  qatal týrde qolgha aldy.  1900 jyly orys tili resmy til bolyp jariyalandy; 29 mausymda qabyldanghan jana zang boyynsha finder orys әskerine basybayly qúldyq qyzmet óteuge mindetti boldy.

*** Búl jerde birqatar elder tarapynan (Germanii, AQSh, Angliya, Fransiyya, Japoniya, Italiya, Avstro-Vengriya, patshalyq Resey) Qytayda 1900-1901 jyldary «boks» ereuilin basyp-janshu jeleuimen basyp-kiru  aitylyp otyr.

**** 1899 jyly Resey bastamasymen Gaagada beybitshilik konferensiyasy shaqyrylghan edi.Sonymen birge patshaqorlyq qylyq Qiyr Shyghysta jana soghysqa әzirlikti de jýrgizdi.

 Zorekerlik jasap halyqty ezuge bolady, biraq onymen basqaru mýmkin emes. Bizding zamanymyzdaghy halyqty shynayy basqaratyn jalghyz qúral - halyqty zúlymdyqtan qayyrymgha, týnekten jaryqqa baghyttalghan qozghalystyng basynda jýrip, ony osy qozghalystyng tayaudaghy maqsattaryna jetkizuge jeteleu.  Ony atqaru ýshin bәrinen búryn halyqqa óz tilegin aitqyzudan bastau kerek, onyng tilegi men qajetin tyndap alyp, olardyng ishindegi bir ghana tapqa nemese top talabyna ghana say emes, kópshilikke, júmysshy júrtqa qajettisin atqarghan jón.

Endi orys halqy aitatyn tilek, eger әriyne oghan mýmkindik berilse, meninshe mynaday bolar edi. Bәrinen búryn júmysshy júrt ózining jaghdayyn eng tómengi tap – partiyagha ainaldyryp, ózge azamattargha tәn qúqyqty qoldanudan shettetetin zandardan qútyludy tileytini anyq; sodan keyin qozghalys erkindigin, oqu erkindigi men ruhany qajettilikke sәikes nanymdy erkimen ústanudy tiler edi; bastysy – 100 milliondyq halyq bir dauyspen jer paydalanu erkindigin, yaghny jerge degen menshikti joydy aitatyny ras.

Mine, mening oiymsha, bizding zamanymyzda orys ýkimeti jerge degen jekemenshik qúqyghyn jong arqyly tayauda jetuge tiyisti maqsat pen jetistikti atqarghany abzal.

Adamzat ómirining әr kezeninde  ómirding ozat ýlgilerine say keletin tayau sәtteri bolady.  Resey ýshin osynday tayau satyly sәt  elu jyl búryn qúldyqty qúrtu bolghan edi.Endi bizding uaqytymyzda osynday saty – júmysshylar mәselesi atalatyn jayt - júmysshy búqarany attóbeldey basynghan biyleushilerden bosatu.

Batys Europada búl maqsatqa jetu zauyttar men fabrikalardy júmysshylardyng ortaq qoldanysyna beru arqyly jýzege asqan bolyp sanalady. Búlaysha sheshu dúrys pa, búrys pa, jәne de Batys halyqtary ýshin qol jeterlik pe, - bir nәrse belgili, ol Resey ýshin kәzirgi jaghdaygha qaraghanda qoldanugha jatpaydy. Halqynyng orasan bóligi enapat jerde enbek etip jәne iri jer iyelenushilerge basybayly Reseyde júmysshylar erkindigi, shamasy fabrikalar men zauyttardy ortaq qoldanysqa engizumen sheshile qoymasy aiqyn. Orys halqy ýshin erkindikke qol jetkizu tek qana jerge degen jekemenshikti joyumen jәne de jerdi ortaq iygilik retinde moyyndaumen ghana mýmkin jayt, -  kópten beri kókeytesti orys halqynyng tilegi osylay týzilip keledi әri onyng jýzege asuyn halyq orys ókimetinen zarygha kýtip otyr.

Mening búl oiymdy sizding kenesshileriniz asa jeniltektik pen memlekettik basqarudyng bar auyrtpalyghyn sezinbeytin, shynayy ómirden tys adamnyng sandyraghy retinde qabyldaytynyn, әsirese jerding jalpyhalyqtyq menshigi boluyna qalay qaraytynyn bilem;biraq ta halyqqa barynsha qatal zorlyqty ýiip-tóge beruge mәjbýr bolmas ýshin  bir ghana nәrse bar, ol: óz mindetine halyq tilegining aldyn oraytynday maqsat qoy.Jәne de ókshelegen jýk tirsegindi soqqylamas ýshin, - ony ózing kótergening abzal, yaghny ómirding ozat ýlgisin jýzege asyruda aldynghy sapta jýru qajet. Al múnday maqsatqa Resey ýshin tek qana jerge degen jekemenshikti joy boluy yqtimal. Sonda ghana ókimet fabrika júmysshylary men oqushy jastargha amalsyzdan qylyp otyrghan jaghdaygha jol bermey, óz halqyn ýreymen emes, ony shynayy basqara alar edi.

Sizding kenesshileriniz jerge jekemenshikti qaqysyz qaldyru qiyal men oryndalmaytyn nәrse deytini ras. Olardyng oiynsha, júmyrtqadan әldeqashan shyghyp, eseygen 130 million halyqtyng ómir sýruin toqtatu nemese ólmeli ete otyryp, shyqqan  qauashaqqa qayta tyqqyshtau,- qiyal emes, jәne oryndalmaytyn is emestigi óz aldyna,  asa danalyq әri shynayy is. Istelip jatsa da, ol jayynda oryndalmaytynyn úghu ýshin, kerisinshe oryndalmaytyny óz aldyna, biraq uaqyt talaby jәne qajetti ekenin, is әli bastalmasa da  baysaldy oilasa jetip jatyr.

Mening oiymsha, kәzirgi uaqytta jer menshigi 50 jyl búryn bolghan krepostnoylyq qúqyq sekildi, shekten shyqqan әri aiqyn әdiletsizdik.Meninshe, ony jon orys halqyn tәuelsizdiktin, iygilik pen berekening joghary satysyna kóterer edi.  Búl shara, júmysshylar arasynda laulap kele jatqan әri halyqqa da, ókimetke de zor qater tóndiretin әleumettik jәne revolusiyalyq qozudy qúrtatyny sózsiz.

Alayda, men qatelesuim mýmkin, qalay bolghanda da búl  mәselening sheshimin de, jauabyn da  halyqqa beru kerek, eger de әriyne onyng erkin bildiru mýmkindigi bolsa.

Jalpy alghanda, ókimet aldyndaghy túrghan endigi is - halyqtyng tilegi men qajetin aitugha kedergi irik pen shirikti joi. Ózgening iygiligin ózgege estirtpeu ýshin auyzyn buatyn adamgha jaqsylyq jasaugha bolmaydy.Bar halyqtyng bolmasa onyng kópshiligining tilegi men qajetin bilip qana sol halyqty basqarugha jәne oghan qayyr tiygizuge bolady.

Qayyrymdy bauyrym,búl dýniyede siz ýshin bir ghana ómir bar, ony jaratqannyng erkimen ornyqqan adamzattyng zúlymdyqtan qayyrymgha, týnekten jaryqqa úmtylghan qozghalysyn toqtatugha azaptanyp ta, bolmasa óz ómirinizdi halyqtyng tilegi men qajetine dendey kirip,sonyng atqaryluyna arnap, jaratqan men adamdargha qyzmet etu arqyly sabyrmen әri shattana keshuge de bolady.

Sizding jauapkerliginiz patshalyq qúrghan kezinizde qanshama úly bolsa da, búl uaqyt ishinde qayyrymdy da, zúlymdyqty da sonsha kóp istersiz,biraq sizding jaratqan aldyndaghy jauapkerliginiz zúlym isterdi oryndatugha, bolmasa, solargha aralasugha emes, jaratqannyng erkin oryndaugha qatysty mәngi ómirinizding qatystylyghymen Qúday aldynda barynsha jauaptysyz.  Al onyng erki zúlymdyq isteude emes, adamdargha qayyrym qyluda ghoy.  

Búl jayynda adam aldynda emes, Qúday aldynda oilanynyz jәne Qúday, yaghny sizding ar-úyatynyz ne aitsa, sony qylynyz.Jәne jana ómir jolyna týsseniz,kezigetin kedergilerge moyymanyz. Eger de ol isti adamy danq ýshin emes, óz janynyz ýshin,yaghny Jaratqan ýshin qylsanyz, ol kedergiler ózinen ózi joyylady jәne olardy bayqamay da qalasyz.

Sizdi búl hatymda bayqamay múqatsam, yaki, renjitsem, meni keshiniz. Meni orys halqy men sizge degen izgi tilek qana mengerdi. Oghan qol jetkizdim be, ony – mening kóre almauym mýmkin, bolashaq kórseter. Bar bolghany – men óz paryzym sanaghan nәrseni qyldym.

Sizge degen shynayy izgilikti shynayy  tileushi bauyrynyz –

Lev Tolstoy.

Audarghan – S.Ábdireshúly

Abai.kz