Qazaqstannyng Halyq jazushysy Beksúltan Núrjekeev Shynghys hannyng túnghysh balasy Joshy han turaly tyng mәlimetterdi bólisip, «Joshynyng tegine qatysty әlem tarihshylary adasyp jýr», dep tújyrym jasaydy.

Búl turaly jazushy ózining «YouTube» arnasynda bólisti. Biz onda aitylghan  pikirdi qaghazgha týsirip, oqyrman talqysyna úsynyp otyrmyz...

«Qazaq handyghyn qúrghan Kerey men Jәnibekten bastap, tәuelsizdik ýshin kýresken Alashorda jetekshisi Álihan Bókeyhanovqa deyin barlyghy Joshy úrpaghy.Tóreler úrpaghy.Bizding qazaq jerimiz Shynghyshannyng Joshygha bólgen úlysy. Joshy han býginde tarap jatqan barlyq jalghan aqparattan ada ekeni dausyz!..»

Beksúltan Núrjekeev:

– Men býgin Shynghyshan jayynda әlem tarihshylary adasyp jýrgen aqiqatqa toqtalmaqpyn.Búl mәsele Shynghyshannyng túnghysh úly-Joshy jayyndaghy әngime.Elding auzynda da, key tarihshylardyng dereginde de «Shynghyshan ózining túnghysh úly Joshygha riza emes eken, oghan senimdi emes, tipti óz úlynyng ólimine qatysty»,-degen jalghan aqparattar tarap jýr .Búl aqparattyng shyndyghyna tolyghyraq toqtalsam...

Mening qolymda Qalmaq Avtonomiyaly Kenestik Sosialistik Respublikasynyng azamaty, Qalmaq tarihshysy Erendjen Hara-Davannyng 1929 jyly túnghysh shyqqan kitabynyng ekinshi basylymy - «Chingishan kak polkovodes y ego naslediye». Búl kitaby negizinde Erendjen Hara-Davan «Shynghys han aqpan aiynda jәne túnghysh balasy Joshy han 1182 jyly dýniyege keldi. Shynghyshan Joshy tughan kýnnen bastap óz balasy ma joq pa degen kýdikpen ómir sýrdi» degen aqparat beredi. Osy sebepti adasu, jalghan aqparatty birneshe tarihshy keltirgen...

Ghalym, tilshi Sәrsen Amanjolov aghamyzdyng «Qazaq tili jәne dialektologiyasy» degen kitaby 1959 jyly shyqqan. Búl kitapta Sәrsen Amanjolov XX ghasyr basynda orys zertteushisi Bartolidtyng pikirin negizge ala otyryp, «Shynghyshan ózining túnghysh úly Joshyny óte jaqsy kórgen jәne Joshy jayynda Shynghyshannyng aldynda eshkim Joshygha bir daq týsiretin, kinәlaytyn sóz aitugha batpaghan». Ár tarihshy ózining jeke tәjiriybesi, deregi negizinde týrli maghlúmat beredi. Shyndyghy men jalghanyn ajyrata almay jatamyz. Sol sebepti de biz Shynghyshan jayynda  jazylghan túpnúsqa bolyp sanalatyn, bizge kóbinese «Mongholdyng qúpiya shejiresi» degen jalghan atpen taralghan, shyn mәninde «Shynghys qaghannyng qúdaghuru»  dep atalatyn, orysshasynda «Sokrovennoe skazanie mongolov» atty kitapty negizge alamyz. Key tústary  qysqaryp, búrmalanghan jerleri bolmasa, týpnegizi bir. Sonymen qatar kóne qytay tilin jaqsy mengergen Tileuberdi Ábenayúly bauyrymyzdyng «Shynghys qaghannyng qúdaghuru» jazyp ketkenine qaraghanda, key tústary arnayylap búrmalanuy mýmkin. Negizgi  jer su ataularyn qazaq tiline audarghan - Tileuberdi Ábenayúly. Shamamen osy sebepti Shynghyshan búl kitaptyng negizin ózi qadaghalap, ózi jazdyrghan. Ózining ókili inisi Syzghan qútqa Oelun Ýjin sheshesi asyrap alghan altynshy bala, ózining inisine jazdyrady. Osy ýsh kitap negizinde Shynghyshannyng shyn esimi - Temirshyn, qytay halqy «r» әripin aita almaghannan Temuchin atap ketken. Búl aqparatty alghashynda Sәken Seyfullin jazyp ketti. 1776 jyly óz kitabynda Qazybek bek Tauasarúly da naqty derekpen jazyp ketken. Bizding Shynghys dep jýrgen atauymyz Shynqúz degen sózden shyqqan. Búl derekti Múhtar Maghauin ózining Shynghyshan shygharmasynda naqtylap ketedi. Sondyqtan búl aqparatty daugha týsiruding qajeti joq!

Shynghyshan әkesi Esugey qaza bolghan uaqytta toghyz jasta edi. Búl uaqytta tayshuyttar Shynghyshandy sheshesi Oelun Ýjiyn, bauyrlarymen birge Búrhan tauynyng etegine tastap, ózderi  qúldilap ketedi. Búl derekti Tileuberdiden basqa audarmashylar naqtylaghan joq. Jalpy tastap ketkennen keyin qay jyly qayta oralghany belgisiz. Naqty aqparat joq. «Ýsh jyldan keyin biz tastap ketken Temirshyndar shójelenip, esek, qoygha ainalyp qalghan shyghar dep qayta izdep kelgen uaqytta Shynghyshan on eki jasta. Kelgen uaqytta qasar jәne bauyrshylar joldaryn aghash kesip, bógeydi. Mәn beru kerek jaghday, eger aghash kesip bógese Burhan tauy saydyng aldy bolghany. Al qazirgi uaqytta Monghol tarihshylary Burhan tauyn jazyq dala, orman ishi retinde kórsetedi. Mine, osy uaqytta Tayshuyttardyng Targhytayy «Bizge senderding qajetterin joq, ýlkenderin Temirshyng qajet». Búl habardy estigen Temirshyng atqa minip, qashady. Qashqan uaqytta Tayshyqúrt taypasy bayqap qalady.Basqa audarmalarda Temirshyndy belgili bir toghaygha kirip ketti degen aqparat berip, naqtylamaydy. Tek Tileuberdi Ábenayúly ghana Týrgen tauyna kirip, jasyryndy degen aqparat beredi. Demek, Burhan tauy men Týrgen qatar ornalasqan. Burhan tauy Jarkentting jelkesinde, 30-40 shaqyrym jerde soltýstik batys jaghynda ornalassa, osy Burhan tauynan shyghys jaqqa qaray Týrgen ózeni. Ile ózenining sol salasy. Týrgen dep atalu sebebin 1856 jyly Qytaygha barghanda Qytay kýndeligin jazghan Shoqan Uәlihanov anyqtap jazady. Yaghni, Burhan men Týrgenning qatar ornalasqany tarihy shyndyq. Búl Shynghyshannyng atamekenin anyqtauda, tughan jerin naqtylauda, qay halyqqa jatatynyn anyqtauda naqty dәlel retinde qarastyra alamyz.

Shynghyshan toghyz kýn qashyp, Týrgen ózenin jasyrynyp panalaydy. Toghyzynshy kýni ústap alyp, Targhytaylar Shynghyshandy Ononnan qúldilatyp, alyp ketedi. Monghol elinen kelgen Baqytgýl degen aqynmen tildesip, sóilsekenmin. Onon sózining maghynasyn monghol halqy bilmeydi. Demek, búl sóz týrik, qazaq halqynan engen sózi.Sonymen qatar búl aqparatty Shynghyshan jerine 1942-1945 jyly kelgen Karpiny de, Rubruk de rastaydy,  «Onon» dep jazady.

Esugey qaza bolghanda, Shynghyshan toghyz jasta bolsa, inisi Hasar jeti jasta, odan keyingi inisi bes jasta, odan keyingi inisi ýsh jasta bolsa, kenje qaryndasy besikte bolghan. Temirshyndy ústap әketkennen keyin, bir jyl uaqyt óte kele kóktem mezgilinde, Temirshyndy sudyng jaghasynda aghashqa baylap, bir balagha baqtyryp qoyady. Sol uaqytta Temirshyng óz qolyndaghy taqtaymen balany úryp jiberip, qashyp sugha týsip ketedi. Búl sudyng atauy turaly naqty aqparat joq. Kesh bata izdep, taba almaydy. Temirshyng danalyghy men aqyldylyghy sebepti kýnning batyp kele jatqanyn paydalanyp, sudyng ortasyna tyghylady. Búl sәtte Temirshyndy bir ghana adam kóredi.

«Dәl osy tapqyrlyghyng sebepti seni qyzghanyshtan jibermeydi. Men seni satpaymyn, ústap bermeymin, kómek qolyn sozamyn» dep ketip qalady. Kesh batyp ketti, Temirshyng qol-ayaghy baylauly, erteng de izdestirermiz... Qayda ketedi deysing dep izdep jýrgen barlyq júrtty qaytarady. Temirshyngha kelip, endi osy izinmen elindi tauyp qayt degen mәlimdeme beredi. Temirshyng dәl sol uaqytta qayda bararyn bilmey, ózing qútqaryp qalghan jannyng ýiine barady. Targhytay bolsa, jan-jaqtan izdeu salyp, bar kýshin salady. Al Temirshyndy qútqaryp qalghan jan, jýnning astyna tyghady. Mamyr men mausym aiynyng birinde, kýn ystyq uaqyt. Targhytay qansha izdegenimen tappay, Temirshyng bolsa tamaghyng alyp, astyna kómek qolyn sozghan jan at mingizip eline qaray jiberedi...

Temirshyng bolsa qúmyrghanyng boyynda,ózining әke-sheshesining bauyrlaryna qosylady. Qúmyrgha degenimiz - Qabyrgha. Qabyrgha Jarkentten 50-60 shaqyrym, shyghystan batysqa qaray aghyp ótetin ózen. Búl uaqytta Temirshynnyng jeti jylqysyn úrlap ketedi. Temirshyng bolsa úrylardy ústap, jeti jylqysyn alyp kelgennen keyin Buyrshynmen tabysady. Sodan keyin Bórteni alyp keledi. Hara-Davannyng aituyna qaraghanda Bórtege ýilengenine bir ghana aidyng shamasy bolghan. Bir ay bolghanda, kegin saqtaghan Merkitter shabuyl jasaydy. Esh kýdiksiz jatqan Temirshyngha qyzmetshi әiel qashu kerektigi jayynda aitady. Barlyghy atqa minip qashyp jatqanda, Bórtege at tabylmay, Bórteni ýsh-tórt jasar qyzben arbagha salyp qyzmetshi әielge tastap ketedi. Sudy órley qashady. Merkit taypasy Betbastaudyng joghary jaghynan Bórte men qyzmetshi әielge jolyghyp qalady. Ne maqsatta jýrgendering súraghanda, jýn artyp kele jatqanyn, Temirshynnyng auylyna barmaghandaryn aitady. Esugeyding birinshi әielin atqa salaqtatyp әkeludi búiyrady. Sol uaqytta qoryqqannan Esugeyding birinshi әieli Bórtening arbada otyrghanyn aityp qoyady. Osylay Bórteni qolgha týsirip, Shynghyshandy qolgha týsiru maqsatynda arttarynan jóneledi. Jasyl kólmen qighashtap baryp, Týrgen toghaygha toqtap, Týrgen toghaydyng ar jaghyndaghy Burhangha barady. Jaulary búl jerden ýsh ret ainalyp, biraq Temirshyndy taba almaydy. Shynghyshan toghyz mәrte tәube jasaydy, janyng aman alyp qalghany ýshin. Temirshyng Bórteni bes-alty aidan keyin qaytaryp alady. Kereyding hanyna sәlemdeme jiberedi.  «Balam menen jarymdy alyp ketip», - degen sәlemdemesi arqyly balam dep jazdyrady, biraq búl uaqytta Shynghyshan Bórtening jýkti ekenin naqty bilmeydi. Onqan bastaghan kereyler: «Men eki týmenmen shyghayyn, Jamúha da eki týmenmen shyqsyn. Jamúha Jalayyrlardyng qany». Osylay tórt týmen әskermen Merkitterge shabady. Týnning ishinde Temirshyng Bórteni izdep keledi. Bórteni aman esen qútqarghannan keyin toqtau kerek bolghan soghys әri qaray jalghasady. Barlyghyn josparly týrde úiymdastyryp otyrghan - Toqtabek. Óitkeni alghashynda Oelunnyng ózi Toqtabekting alyp kele jatqan inisining qalyndyghy bolghan. Yaghni, qalyndyghyn erte kezde Esugey tartyp alghandyqtan, Bórteni de tartyp alu sol kekting jalghasy edi. Bes-alty aidan keyin Temirshyng Bórteni qútqaryp alady. Búl uaqytta Bórte jýkti edi. Negizinde búl turaly naqty aqparat joq. Biraq, Qytay elshisining deregi boyynsha Shynghyshannyng túnghysh úly Joshy emes, odan búryn By Ini degen úly bolghan. By Ini degen esimning maghynasy-ishte bolghan, ishte kelgen. Yaghni, túnghysh balsy turaly kýdigi Merkide bolghan soghystan keyin payda bolghan. Bórtening jýkti bolyp kelgeni anyq. Hara-Davannyng dereginshe, Shynghyshan qaytys bolghannan keyin ýsh jyldan keyin tughan Jamal qarshy degen qanly babamyz Shaghatay úlysynda bolghan. Sonyng kitaby negizinde Shynghyshannyng úly Ýgedey 1229 jyly 43 jasynda taqqa otyrdy. Eger Ýgedey 1186 jyly dýniyege kelgen bolsa, Shaghatay 1184 jyly, Joshy 1182 jyly dýniyege keldi. Búl aqparatty Hara-Davannyng kitabyndaghy derekte dәleldeydi. Bórte 14 jasynda jýkti bolady. Temirshyng Bórteden bir jas kishi. Sonda on ýsh jasynan jiyrma jeti jasqa deyin kóterip jýrmeytini anyq... Yaghni, túnghysh balasy Joshy bolmaghan degen sóz. Yaghni, túnghysh balasy By Ini ekeni, qytay elshisining deregi ras degen sóz. Qytay elshisining bergen deregine sәikes, Temirshyng bala kezinde on jyldan astam uaqyt Qytay tútqynynda qúl bolghan. Demek on jyl boyy Bórte bala kótermegen.

Ábәlghazy Bahadýr babamyzdyng deregi negizinde «Merkitting hany Toqtabek onashada bir ózi kele jatqan Shynghyshangha tútqiyldan shabuyl jasap, alyp ketkeni belgili. Demek, Toqtabek ózining basy daugha qalmas ýshin jasyryn týrde Qytay eline Temirshyndy satyp jibergen. Qytay elshisining deregi boyynsha Shynghyshan tútqynnan shyqqannan keyin Qytaydan kegin alu maqsatynda ózining túnghysh balasyn alyp, shabuylgha shyqqanda balasy oqqy úshyp qaza tabady. Qytay qorghanynan shaqqan batyr ózining balasymen birge Shynghyshan jaqqa ótip ketedi. Sonyng balasyna ózining jesir qalghan kelinin qosady. Demek, Shynghyshan tútqynda bolghanda ózining qol astyna ótken batyr qashyp ketuine kómek qolyn sozghan degen sóz. Mine, búl batyr sodan keyin Shynghyshannyng әskery bóliminde әigili qolbasshygha ainalady. Keyinnen ekeui qúdalasady.

Jamúhanyng qasynda bir jarym jyl Temirshyng seriktesi boldy. Jamúha bir sózinde malda ózining túraghyn tabady, yaghny Shynghyshangha ózining túraghyn tabu kerektigin túspaldap jetkizedi. Shynghyshan bir týnde Kórenlik jaqqa kóship ketedi. Jamúhanyng qolyndaghy Jalayyrlar Temirshynnyng qolyna ótedi. Eng alghash qonysy Shúbar bolsa, Shúbardyng qasynda Araltóbe, osydan on-on bes shaqyrym jerde Kórenlik.

Qytaylardyng týsirgen 30 bólimdik serialynda alghash qan bolghanda taraq tanbasynday belgi bolady. Taraq tanbaly búl Jalayyrdyng qany. Kóknor degen jer Burhan tauynyng batys jaghynda, Týrgen toghaydan ótkennen keyingi soltýstik jerde ainala ornalasqan Jasyl kól dep atalady. Tostaghanday, taulardan sarqylghan sudan payda bolghan túnyq, jasyl kól. Tómengi jaghynda Sengir búlaq.

Biz Joshyny bekerden beker jazghyryp jýrmiz. Joshyny kinәli etu arqyly, Shynghyshangha beker jala jabudamyz. Ózining balasyna ózi qarsy shyqqan degen aqparat shyndyqqa janaspaydy. Shynghyshan auyryp jatyp, jerdi bólgende birinshi Joshygha tapsyrghanda, Shaghatay qarsy shyghady. «Búl keshegi Merkitting qaldyghy, memleketti Joshygha qalay senip tapsyrasyz» degende, Shynghyshan: «Joshy mening túla boyy túnghyshym» dep jauap beredi. Shynghyshannyng ózi de, Bórte de túnghysh balasy By Ini turaly aqparatta qúpiya saqtaghan. Sodan keyin de túnghysh úly Joshy turaly jalghan aqparat tarap ketken.

Joshy Shynghyshannyng adal da senimdi úrpaghy.

Sәrsen Amanjolov aghamyzdyng kitaby negizinde Joshy qaytys bolghanda, Shynghyshangha eng sýiikti úlynyng qazasyn estirtuge eshkim batpaghan. Sonda úly Nayman jyrshysy:

Teniz basynan bylghansa, Ony kim týzetedi?!

Shynghyshan: Teniz basynan bylghansa, mening Joshym týzetedi...

Jyrshy: Terek týbinen qúlasa, terekti kim túrghyzady?!

Shynghyshan: Terek týbinen qúlasa, mening Joshym túrghyzady!

Naymannyng úly jyrshysy sodan keyin kýy tartady. Naymannyng jarshysynyng sózin Shynghyshan lezde týsine qoyady. Demek ekeui de qazaq. Shyndyqtyng ózi tarihy jazbalardyng negizinde shyghady.

Joshyny jabylghan jaladan, ósekten aqtap aluymyz qajet. Qazaq handyghyn qúrghan Kerey men Jәnibekten bastap, tәuelsizdik ýshin kýresken Alashorda jetekshisi Álihan Bókeyhanovqa deyin barlyghy Joshy úrpaghy.Tóreler úrpaghy.Bizding qazaq jerimiz Shynghyshannyng Joshygha bólgen úlysy. Joshy han býginde tarap jatqan barlyq jalghan aqparattan ada ekeni dausyz!

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