Qyrghyzdar Alataugha qalay keldi, qashan keldi?

Men, biraz jyldar aghayyn qyrghyz halqynyn, sonau Eniysey aumaghynan Alatau bókterine qalay kelgendigin, sonymen qatar qanday jaghdayda, kóshting qansha uaqytqa sozylghandyghyn әrtýrli ghylymy әdebiyetterden, gazet-jurnaldardan oqyp jýrip, jinaghan maghlúmattarymdy sizderge bilip jýrsin dep úsynyp otyrmyn.   

Qyrghyz halqynyng tarihy – týrki әlemindegi tereng de kýrdeli taqyryptardyng biri. Qazirgi Qyrghyzstan aumaghy – ejelden týrki taypalarynyn, sonyng ishinde Úly jýzge engen qazaq rularymen tyghyz baylanysta bolghan tarihy meken.

Qyrghyzdardyng Eniyseyden Alataugha kóshui

Qyrghyz halqynyng týp-tamyry Eniysey boyynda, qazirgi Hakasiya aumaghynda jatyr. B.z. I mynjyldyghynda qyrghyzdar Eniysey Qyrghyzdary degen atpen belgili eken. Olar óz zamanynda quatty etnos retinde tanyldy.

Qyrghyzdardyng Eniyseyden Tyani-Shani taularyna (Alatau ónirine) qaray jappay kóshui shamamen IX-X ghasyrlarda bastaldy. 840 jyly Eniysey qyrghyzdary Úighyr qaghanatyn jenip, biraz uaqyt boyy aimaqta ýstemdik jýrgizdi. Alayda keyinnen olardyng biyligi әlsirep, qypshaq jәne oirat taypalarynyng qysymymen ontýstikke qaray yghysugha mәjbýr boldy.

Qyrghyzdardyng negizgi bóligi qazirgi Qyrghyzstan aumaghyna XIII-XIV ghasyrlar aralyghynda birtindep kóship keldi. Búl kezeng – Shynghys han men onyng úrpaqtarynyng joryqtarymen túspa-tús keledi. Qyrghyzdardyng ontýstikke jyljuyna, qypshaq taypalarynyng shapqynshylyghy, klimattyq ózgerister, sayasy túraqsyzdyq sebep boldy. Keybir tarihshylar qyrghyzdardyng Alataugha keluin Timur dәuirimen de baylanystyrady, óitkeni ol Jetisu men Ferghana alqabynda etnikalyq toptardyng ornyn auystyru ýderisin kýsheytti.

Qyrghyzdardyng Alataugha kóshui bir mezette bolghan jappay kósh dey almaymyz, birneshe ghasyr boyy sozylghan etnomigrasiyalyq ýderis boldy. Búl kóshi-qon prosesin naqty bir túlgha basqardy deu qiyn, biraq olardyng el ishindegi anyzdary men shejirelerinde keybir kósemderding aty saqtalghan. Mysaly, Alay qyrghyzdarynyng ishinde Ormon hannyn, Jangharach biyding jәne basqa da ru basylarynyng esimderi aitylady.

Qyrghyzdar Alataugha mal sharuashylyghyna ynghayly jayylym izdep, birtindep qonys audardy. Olar Jetisu men Ferghana aimaghyndaghy qazaq, ózbek, qaraqalpaq jәne basqa týrki halyqtarymen aralasyp, tildik jәne mәdeny jaqyndyqqa ie boldy.

Qazirgi Qyrghyzstan – Úly jýzding jeri me?

Qazirgi Qyrghyzstan aumaghy – tarihy túrghydan Jetisu ónirine, dәlirek aitqanda, Úly jýzdin mekeni bolghan. Qazaq halqynyng ýsh jýzi ishinde Úly jýz – ontýstik-shyghys Qazaqstan men Qyrghyzstannyng soltýstik bóligin mekendegen. Úly jýzge kiretin dulat, alban, suan, shapyrashty, jalayyr, sirgeli siyaqty rular qazirgi Qyrghyzstan túrghan ólkede qonystanghan. Tipti keybir qazaq rulary qazirgi Qyrghyzstan aumaghynda әli kýnge deyin ómir sýredi jәne olardyng úrpaqtary әli de sol jerde túrady.

Osy sebepti, tarihy shekara túrghysynan qaraghanda, qazirgi Qyrghyzstan aumaghy, kezinde – Úly jýzding dәstýrli jayylymdyq jerleri bolghan. Alayda etnikalyq jәne sayasy túrghydan búl aimaq qyrghyz halqynyng últtyq territoriyasy retinde HH ghasyrdyng basynda ghana resmy týrde qalyptasty. 1924 jyly Kenestik últtyq-aumaqtyq mejeleu kezinde Qyrghyz avtonomiyasy qúrylyp, qazirgi shekaralar bekitildi.

Qyrghyzdardyng Eniyseyden Tyani-Shani tauyna kóshui – birtindep, tarihy jaghdaylargha baylanysty jýzege asqan ýlken kóshi-qon ýderisi. Búl qozghalys IX ghasyrdan bastalyp, XIII-XIV ghasyrlarda ayaqtaldy. Qonys audarudyng basty sebepteri – sayasy túraqsyzdyq, tabighy jaghdaylar men syrtqy qysym boldy deuge siyady. Al qazirgi Qyrghyzstan aumaghy tarihy túrghydan Úly jýzding jeri sanalghanymen, býginde ol – qyrghyz halqynyng tarihiy-mәdeny otany. Búl eki halyqtyng taghdyry men tarihy ózara tyghyz baylanysta aldaghy uaqytta da jalghasa beredi – dep aitalamyz.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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