Elimiz tәuelsizdik alghan jyldardaghy ekonomikalyq jәne әleumettik ahualdyng kýrdeliligi men qiynshylyqtary ruhany salany órkendetuge, onyng ishinde ghylymdy damytugha mýmkindikter bermedi. Al keybir kózqarastar búl ahualdy Eski Qazaqstandyq jýiening ghylymdy ghylym akademiyasyn taratyp, kerisinshe, ghylym damuyna jasalghan kedergiler dep týsindiredi. Búl óz aldyna talqylaytyn ghylym sayasatyna qatysty taqyryp, biz búl tústa, «Qazaqstandaghy qazirgi zamanda ghylymgha degen qajettilik qanday?», «Qazaqstandaghy ghylym damuynyng obektivti jәne subektivti kedergilerleri qanday?» degen siyaqty elimizdegi ghylymghy qatysty ózekti mәselelerge toqtalamyz.

Qazirgi zamanda Qazaqstanda ghylymgha qajettilik arta týsude. Óitkeni, elimiz tәuelsizdik alghan son, derbes memleket retinde әlemdik geosayasy jәne ekonomikalyq jýiemen qatynasy da artty. Sóitip, jahandyq dengeydegi ózgerister bizding qoghamnyng ómirinen kóptep kórinis taba bastady. Ondaghy geosayasy túraqsyzdyq, tehnologiyalyq dýmpu jәne t.t. – qazaqstandyq ghylym men bilimning sapasyna, ghylymyna jana talaptar qoya bastady.

Ghylym qoghamdyq sananyng formasy, tek ghalymdar ainalysatyn oqshau әleumettik institut t.b. emes. Ghylym - kez kelgen memleketting damuy men órkendeuinin, qogham ómirinin barlyq salasynyn ilgeriluin qamtamasyz ete alatyn quatty drayver ispetti.  Sondyqtan, ghylym damuyna degen qajettilik pen onyng manyzdylyghy qazirgi zamanda uaqyt ótken sayyn eselene týskendigining kuәsi bolyp otyrmyz.  

Mysaly, eng basty mәselening biri – Qazaqstan Respublikasyndaghy auyl sharuashylyghy men azyq-týlikti qamtamasyz etu sayasaty da әlemdik talaptargha say janaryp otyruy tiyis, ol – auyl sharuashylyq ghylymdary men biotehnologiyagha memleket tarapynan airyqsha nazar audarudy  qajet etedi: jer sharyndaghy klimattyng ózgeruine baylanysty jergilikti beyimdelgen egin sorttary, su ýnemdeushi auylsharuashylyq tehnologiyalar,  mal túqymdaryn asyldanlyru, әrqily seleksiyalar  t.b.

Qazirgi tandaghy әlemdik sayasy ahualdyng soghys jaghdayynda shiyelenisui qorghanys pen kiyberqauipsizdik salasynda otandyq baghdarlamalardy qamtamasyz etu men әskery tehnologiyalardy ghylymy túrghydan damytyp, ony qoldanudy joldaryn negizdeudi de kerek etedi.

Elimizdegi jәne әlemdegi ekonomikalyq daghdarystar ghana emes,  әlemdik naryqtaghy bagha sayasaty, ekonomikalyq bәsekelestik, inflyasiyany tejeu men budjet shyghyndaryn tolyqtyru qazirgi Qazaqstan ýshin – ekonomikalyq diyversifikasiya  men tehnologiyalyq serpilisterdi qajet  etedi. Osynday mәselelermen arnayy ainalysatyn makro jәne mikroekonomika salalary boyynsha ghylymy zertteuler jýrgizu qajettigining ózektiligi de kýn sanap artyp otyr (zertteuler joq emes, bar, mәsele oghan biylik qúlaq asuy tiyis).

Qazirgi әlemde  nanotehnologiya men kvanttyq fizika,  jasandy intellekt, kiybernetika salalarynyng qanshalyqty damyghandyghy sol memleketting órkeniyettilik dengeyin anyqtaytyn siyaqty barometrge ie bolyp otyr dep te aituymyzgha bolady.  Virtualdy  әlem qazirgi tanda «sifrly qoghamgha» ayaq basyp keledi, sondyqtan da, bizding elimiz jastardy IT tehnologiyagha beyimdeu, sifrlyq sauattylyqty arttyru mәselesine basa nazar audaryp otyr.

Qysqasha aitqanda, qoghamdyq ómir men órkeniyettilikting ólshemine ainalatyn ghylym damuynyng manyzdylyghy әrtarapty jәne әrqily ekendigine memleketimiz, «Jana Qazaqstan» manyz berip keledi. Degenmen, qogham әli de onyng asa manyzdy ekendigin tolyqtay týisine almay kele jatqan synayly.  

Sonymen qatar, ghylym degen týsinik ayasynda keybir kózqarastar tek jaratylylystanu men tehnikalyq ghylymdargha nazar audaru kerek dep  sanaydy da, gumanitarlyq ghylymdardy kónil bólude kemshilikterge jol beredi. Shyndyghynda, P. Feyerabend tújyrymdaghanday, tanymdaghy barlyq ilimderdi qosa alghanda, eshqaysysyn iyerarhiyagha qoigha bolmaydy. Mәselen, últtyq tariyh, dintanu, әleumettanu, psihologiya t.b. ghylym salalary últtyq biregeylik pen memlekettilikti nyghaytuda asa qajetti ekendigi sezile bermeydi, óitkeni, búl ghylymdar nәtiyjesi birden-aq óndiriske engiziletindey payda (tabys) alyp kelmeui mýmkin, biraq onyng zardaptary 5-10, tipti 20 .. odan da kóp jyldardan keyin anyq kórine bastaydy.

Qazirgi tanda keybir parlament ókilderi tarapynan qoghamda ruhaniy-moralidik qúldyraular bar ekendigi turaly dabyl qaghyluda, shyndyghynda, búl kezinde osy gumanitarlyq ghylymdargha nazar audarylmaghandyghynyng birden bir sebebi dep aita alamyz.

Qoghamda bilim qúndylyghy turaly iydeologiyalyq qúraldar men nasihattar qylang berip keledi, biraq ghylymnyng sonshalyqty manyzdy ekendigi turaly baghalaular әli de tómenirek dep aita alamyz.

Demek, osydan «elimizdegi ghylymdy damytu ýshin, aldymen, qanday kedergiler bar?» degen saual tuyndaydy. Qazirgi Qazaqstandaghy ghylymdy damytudaghy kedergilerdi obiektivti jәne subiektivti dep ekige ajyratyp aluymyzgha da bolady.

Mәselen, obiektiyvti kedergiler: a) qarjylandyru tapshylyghy: GhZTKJ-gha bólinetin qarjy JIÓ-ning 0,13%-yn ghana qúraydy (Dýniyejýzilik bankting mәlimeti boyynsha), búl әlemdik ortasha dengeyden birneshe ese tómen; ә) ghalymdardyng әleumettik mәrtebesi tómen (mәselen, osydan, birneshe on shaqty jyl búryn, mektep múghalimderining mәrtebesi qanshalyqty tómen bolghandyghy esimizde shyghar), «ghalym» degen týsinik qoghamdyq sanada aldymen, «kedey», «materialdyq jaghdayy tómen әleumettik qabat» degen úghymmen assosiasiya beredi; b) infraqúrylymnyng tozuy da basty kedergilerding birinen sanalady, zerthanalar men ghylymiy-tehnikalyq bazanyng eskirgen, kóbi Kenes dәuirinen qalghan  instrumentter t.b.

Al subiektivti sebepteri:  a) ghylymdaghy burokratiya men «shynayy emes ghylym»: ghylymy granttar men jariyalanymdar jýiesi kóbine shynayy janalyqqa emes, formalizmge júmys isteydi; ә) ghylym keybir adamdar ýshin tek ómir sýruding qúralyna ainalghanday; b) ghalymdar tereng janalyqtar ashugha emes, kópshilikting jәne biznesting súranysyna qaray júmys jasaydy, populizm men danghara, sensasiya, ataqqúmarlyq, teatrlandyru t.b. postmodernistik mәdeniyet elementteri de Qazaqstan ghylymynda joq dep aita almaymyz.

Biraq, qazirgi Qazaqstan óz tәuelsizdigin alghan kezge «jappay sauatty halyq» retinde engenin de úmytpau kerek. Onday jaghdaygha jetu ýshin ótken ghasyrda әrbir qazaqstandyq otbasy óz úrpaghyna jaqsy bilim alyp berudi últtyq mәsele dengeyine kótergeni – ol tarihymyzdan belgili. Sol ghylymy potensial, sol ýrdis ózinen ózi joyylyp ketpek emes - qazir de әrbir ata-ana óz úrpaghyna sapaly bilim beruge, oqytugha mýddeli. Tek memleket emes, key otbasylar úl-qyzdaryn shet elderge óz betterinshe oqugha attandyryp jatyr. Yaghni, búl bizding sanamyzdaghy «Bilimdi myndy jyghady»degen últtyq danalyqtyn úshqyny  әli de óshpegenin, tipten, arta týskenin bildiretin. Tipten, últtyq dәstýrge ainalghan ruhaniy-mәdeny qúbylys desek bolady. Búl bizding orasan zor artyqshylyghymyz hәm qúndylyghymyz!

Endeshe, osynday – ghylymy túrghyda «últtyq jigeri» bar qoghamda «Ghylymdy damytu ýshin qanday sharalar atqaryluy tiyis?»degen saual tuyndaytyny zandylyq!..

Biraq biz ony kelesi taqyrypqa qaldyrayyq.

Berik Atash,

Ál-Faraby atyndaghy Qazaq Últtyq uniyversiyteti, filosofiya kafedrasynyng ústazy

Ábdirashit Bәkirúly,

filosof, «Qazaq әlemi» qoghamynyng jetekshisi

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