Qazaqstan–Iran qatynastarynyng jana kezeni: Pezeshkian sapary ónirlik seriktestikti qalay kýsheytedi?

Iran Preziydenti Masud Pezeshkiannyng ókilettigining alghashqy ailarynda Astanagha jasaghan resmy sapary eki memleket arasyndaghy strategiyalyq seriktestikting jana kezenin aiqyndap otyr. Sarapshy Janerke Qayratqyzy Qazaqstannyng Kaspiy aimaghyndaghy mediator retindegi róli, Soltýstik–Ontýstik dәlizining bolashaghy, vizasyz rejimning yqpaly jәne tarihiy-ruhany jaqyndyqtyng qazirgi sayasy dialogqa әseri jóninde týsinikteme berdi.

- Preziydent Pezeshkiannyng sapary onyng ókilettigining eng basynda ótip jatyr. Astanany alghashqy baghyt retinde tandaudy Irannyng jana әkimshiligi Qazaqstandy Ortalyq Aziyadaghy basty strategiyalyq әriptesi retinde kóretinining belgisi dep qarastyrugha bola ma?

IYә, Preziydent Pezeshkian saparynyn  simvolikalyq mәni óte joghary. Pezeshkian myrzanyng ókilettigining basynda Astanagha kelui jәne sapardyng dәl qazir, kýrdeli geosayasy kezende ótui Irannyng jana әkimshiligi Qazaqstandy Ortalyq Aziya kenistigindegi basty, әueli negizgi strategiyalyq әriptesterding biri retinde qarastyratynyn kórsetedi deuge bolady.

Qazaqstan men Irandy býgin tek eki memleket arasyndaghy kýn tәrtibindegi mәseleler ghana emes, sonymen qatar Soltýstik–Ontýstik halyqaralyq kólik dәlizi, Kaspiy tenizi boyynsha yntymaqtastyq, EAEO–Iran erkin sauda kelisimi siyaqty keng ónirlik formattar da baylanystyryp otyr. Búghan qosa, eki el Islam yntymaqtastyghy úiymy men Shanhay yntymaqtastyq úiymy ayasynda da ózara yqpaldastyqty, ónirlik qauipsizdikti, sauda jәne gumanitarlyq baylanystardy terendetuge mýddeli ekenin tanytyp keledi.

Iran men Qazaqstannyng manyzdy ortaq mýddelerining biri Kaspiy tenizi ekenin erekshe atap ótu qajet. Kaspiy Qazaqstan men Irandy tabighy týrde baylanystyratyn strategiyalyq kenistik.  Eki el ýshin de Kaspiy  ekonomikalyq mýmkindikterdi keneytetin, tranzittik әleuetti arttyratyn ortaq mýmkindik. Sonymen birge ekojýiesi nәzik, erekshe qorghaudy qajet etetin jauapkershilik aimaghy. Kaspiyding tabighy balansyn saqtau men ónir halyqtarynyng qauipsiz әri túraqty ómir sýruin qamtamasyz etu Qazaqstan men Irandy jaqyndastyratyn ortaq strategiyalyq mindet.

Sonymen qatar, EAEO shenberindegi erkin sauda turaly kelisim Iran men Qazaqstannyng ekonomikalyq yntymaqtastyqty terendetuge degen ortaq úmtylysyn kýsheytip, Kaspiy manyndaghy ózara baylanystardy jana dengeyge kóteruge jaghday jasap otyr. Sol sebepti baylanystardyng tyghyz boluy, ortaq mәselelerdi әrdayym ózara týsinistik pen senimge negizdele otyryp talqylau eki el ýshin de strategiyalyq manyzgha iye.

- Ghalamdyq turbulenttilik jaghdayynda Astana men Tegeran konstruktivti dialog kórsetip otyr. Kaspiy ónirindegi túraqtylyq pen boljamdylyqty qamtamasyz etetin mediator jәne senimdi kelissóz alany retindegi Qazaqstannyng rólin qalay baghalaysyz?

Qazaqstannyng beybitshilik pen túraqtylyq alany retinde ónirlik jәne jahandyq róli songhy jyldary aiqyn kýsheyip keledi. Qazaqstan kópvektorly jәne tengerimdi syrtqy sayasatynyng arqasynda Iranmen de, Batys elderimen de, Reseymen jәne Qytaymen de konstruktivti әri tiyimdi dialog ornatyp otyr. Búl Astanany túraqty, senimdi jәne ashyq kelissóz alany retinde tanytyp keledi. Sonymen birge halyqaralyq mәselelerge qatysty Qazaqstannyng ornyqty, tengerimdi ústanymy, BÚÚ ayasyndaghy bastamalary, sonday-aq el aumaghynda túraqty týrde ótetin joghary dengeydegi sammitter men forumdar Qazaqstannyng diplomatiyalyq bedelin aitarlyqtay nyghaytyp keledi. Kaspiy kenistigindegi jauapty oiynshy retinde Qazaqstan Kaspiy tenizining qúqyqtyq mәrtebesi turaly Konvensiyany әzirleu prosesining belsendi qatysushysy bolyp, tenizdi beybitshilik pen yntymaqtastyq alany retinde saqtau men damytugha aitarlyqtay ýles qosyp keledi.

Osynyng bәri Qazaqstannyng Kaspiy ónirindegi qauipsizdikti jәne  túraqtylyqty qamtamasyz etudegi rólin kórsetedi dep oilaymyn. Sol sebepti ghalamdyq turbulenttilik jaghdayynda Astana men Tegerannyng joghary dengeyde auqymdy jәne tereng dialog jýrgizui Qazaqstannyng beybitshilik pen túraqtylyq alany retindegi rólin taghy bir mәrte aiqyndap, osy pozisiyasyn odan әri nyghaytyp otyr.

- Qazaqstan Parsy shyghanaghy porttaryna shyghugha mýddeli. Qazaqstan–Týrikmenstan–Iran temirjol baghytyn tolyq quatymen iske qosu ýshin qazirgi uaqytta qanday naqty qadamdar talqylanyp jatyr? Iran bizding jýkter ýshin jenildetilgen tarifter beruge dayyn ba?

Qazaqstan–Týrikmenstan–Iran temirjol baghyty  Soltýstik–Ontýstik halyqaralyq kólik dәlizining shyghys tarmaghynyng ózegi  retinde sanalady. «Ózen-Bereket-Górgan» halyqaralyq temirjol magistrali 2014 jylghy 3 jeltoqsanda resmy paydalanugha berildi. Búl jobagha qatysty alghashqy kelissózder 2007–2009 jyldary bastalyp, ýsh elding ýkimetteri birlesken infraqúrylymdy salu turaly kelisimge qol qoyghan bolatyn. Alayda býgingi tanda búl jelining әleuetin tolyq  paydalanu ýshin infraqúrylymdy janghyrtu, tarifterdi ýilestiru, kedendik rәsimderdi sifrlandyru jәne konteynerlik tasymaldardy arttyru  ýshin birqatar naqty qadamdar jasalyp, josparlar talqylanyp jatyr. Osy maqsatta Qazaqstan, Iran, Týrikmenstan jәne Resey 2024–2025 jyldargha arnalghan ortaq Jol kartasyn qabyldap, dәlizding ótkizu qabiletin 2027 jylgha qaray 15 mln tonnagha, 2030 jylgha qaray 20 mln tonnagha jetkizuge baghyttalghan naqty qadamdardy pysyqtauda.

Sonymen qatar taraptar  biringhay jәne bәsekege qabiletti temirjol tarifterin engizu tәjiriybesine iye, sonyng ishinde qazaqstandyq astyq, qara jәne týsti metall ónimderi ýshin jenildetilgen sharttar qarastyrylghan. Al qazirgi kelissózderde tranzittik jәne eksporttyq jýkterge birynghay logikada «bir tereze» qaghidaty, elektrondy qújat ainalymy, kedendik rәsimderdi sifrlandyru jәne tehnologiyalyq kedergilerdi qysqartu mәseleleri qarastyryluda.

Erekshe atap ótu qajet. Iran Preziydenti Pezeshkian Qazaqstangha resmy sapary ayasynda bergen súhbatynda Qazaqstangha Parsy shyghanaghy, Oman shyghanaghy jәne Ýndi múhityna shyghatyn baghyttar boyynsha tolyqqandy qoljetimdilik úsynugha dayyn ekenin atap ótti. Búl, shyn mәninde, atalghan temirjol jelisin teniz porttarymen týiistirip, jýkterdi tezirek jәne arzan jetkizuge mýmkindik beredi.

Jenildetilgen tarifterge kelsek, Iran tarapy Soltýstik–Ontýstik dәlizining bәsekege qabilettiligin arttyru ýshin tariftik sayasatty ýilestiruge jәne úzaq merzimdi kelisimsharttar ayasynda qazaqstandyq jýk aghyndaryna tartymdy sharttar úsynugha mýddeli ekenin kórsetip otyr. Búl baghyttaghy sheshimder jaqynda qol qoyylghan kólik jәne tranzit salasyndaghy strategiyalyq yntymaqtastyq turaly qújattar ayasynda pysyqtaluda.

- Qazirding ózinde 14 kýndik vizasyz rejim júmys istep túr. Iran tarapy biznes pen turister tarapynan qyzyghushylyqtyng naqty artqanyn bayqap otyr ma? Múnay jәne agroónerkәsipten basqa, ekonomikanyng qanday sektorlary jana ósu nýkteleri bola alady?

Qazaqstan men Iran arasyndaghy 14 kýndik vizasyz rejim 2022 jyly engizildi. Vizasyz rejim biznes, turizm jәne gumanitarlyq baylanystardy keneytu arqyly ekonomikalyq jәne diplomatiyalyq baylnysty da arttyrugha mýmkindik beredi. Sonlyqtan eki el arasynda vizasyz rejim ekonomikalyq belsendilikti aitarlyqtay jandandyrugha mýmkindik beredi desek bolady. Iran tarapynan biznes-missiyalar sanynyng artuy, tikeley әriptester izdeytin shaghyn jәne orta biznes ókilderining belsendiligi bayqalyp otyr.

Eng bastysy eki mesleket basshysy ózara yqpaldastyqty jan-jaqty damytugha niyetti ekenin kórsetip otyr. Mysaly eki elding basshylary sauda ainalymyn $3 mlrd dengeyine jetkizu turaly jana jol kartasyn әzirleytinin atap ótti.

Iran 90 milliondyq iri ishki naryqqa ie jәne kóptegen tauarlar boyynsha importqa tәueldi, sondyqtan Iran ekonomikasy Qazaqstan ýshin jana eksporttyq mýmkindikter ashady. Kelissózder barysynda Qazaqstan Iran naryghyna keminde 200 mln AQSh dollary kóleminde tauar jetkizuge dayyn ekeni aitty, sonyng ishinde auyl sharuashylyghy, logistika, tau-ken ónerkәsibi, medisina jәne jana tehnologiyalar salalarynda yntymaqtastyq mýmkindikteri talqylandy.   Auyl sharuashylyghy ónimderi Irannyng import qúrylymyna sәikes aldaghy uaqytta da negizgi eksporttyq baghyt bolyp qala beredi dep oilaymyn.

Sonymen qatar farmasevtika, múnayhimiya, poliymer óndirisi, mashina jasau siyaqty perspektivaly salalar da ózara kooperasiya ýshin aitarlyqtay mýmkindik úsynady. Iran tarapynan ekonomikalyq qatynastardy tiyimdi jýrgizu ýshin banktik kedergilerdi joiy jәne qarjy salasyndaghy ýilestirudi kýsheytu jayynda niyet bildirildi. Osy salalardyng naqty damuyna býgingi kezdesumen qatar ótken Qazaqstan–Iran biznes forumynyng da yqpaly zor bolady dep senemin. Biznes ókilderining tikeley baylanys ornatuy, birlesken jobalardy talqylauy men naqty kelisimderge kelui aldaghy uaqytta ekonomikalyq әriptestikting jana dengeyine jol ashady.

- Sizding oiynyzsha, halyqtarymyzdyng tarihy jәne ruhany jaqyndyghy býgin eki el arasyndaghy eng joghary sayasy dengeyde senim qúrugha qalay yqpal etip otyr?

Bizding halyqtarymyzdyng tarihy jәne ruhany jaqyndyghy  býgingi sayasy senimning “júmsaq”, biraq óte berik irgetasy desek bolatyn shyghar. Qazaq jәne parsy órkeniyetteri ghasyrlar boyy Úly Jibek joly boyynda mәdeni, ghylymy jәne ekonomikalyq baylanystar ornatyp, bir-birining damuyna yqpal etti. Iran islam órkeniyetining iri ortalyqtarynyng biri, degenimen qazaq dalasynda islam taralghangha deyingi zoroastrizm izi men parsy mәdeniyetining elementteri Iranda saqtalghan. Búl eki eldi baylanystyratyn tereng tarihiy-órkeniyettik qabat desek bolatyn shyghar. Nauryz merekesining eki elding de últtyq kýntizbesinde erekshe oryn aluy osy ortaq dýniyetanymnyng aiqyn dәleli.

Mening oiymsha, Qazaqstan men Iran arasyndaghy gumanitarlyq baylanystar әleueti әli tolyq ashylghan joq. Ádebiyet, filosofiya, kino, muzyka, arheologiya, tarihy zertteuler salalarynda ortaq jobalargha mýmkindikter óte kóp. Vizasyz rejimning engizilui, preziydentter dengeyindegi túraqty sayasy dialog jәne mәdeny almasulardyng kýshengi osy saladaghy yntymaqtastyqty keneytuge tyng serpin bereri sózsiz.

Mysaly Iran Preziydenti sapary barysynda  Qazaqstan tarihyna qatysty qúndy kóne qoljazbalardyng kóshirmelerin tabystady. Búl  ortaq tarihy múrany birge zertteuge degen shynayy yntymaqtastyqtyng kórinisi. Sonymen qatar Iran tarapy әl-Faraby múrasyn birlesip zertteuge jәne úly oishylgha arnalghan halyqaralyq ghylymy jobalardy iske asyrugha mýddeli ekenin resmy týrde bildirdi. Eki el ghalymdarynyng qatysuymen әl-Faraby jónindegi halyqaralyq kongress ótkizu turaly kelisim de osy mәdeny seriktestikting jana dengeyge kóterilgenin kórsetedi.

Tarihy jaqyndyq, ortaq órkeniyettik tamyr jәne naqty mәdeny bastamalardyng jýzege asuy eki el  arasyndaghy senimdi dialogtyng negizin nyghaytyp, kýn tәrtibindegi mәselelerdi ashyq, pragmatikalyq talqylaugha, al strategiyalyq seriktestikti úzaq merzimdi әri túraqty týrde nyghaytugha mýmkindik beredi dep oilaymyn.

- Auyl sharuashylyghy men aqparattyq tehnologiyalardaghy yntymaqtastyq ekijaqty ekonomikalyq baylanystargha qanday jana serpin beredi dep oilaysyz?

Auyl sharuashylyghy Iran ekonomikasynyng eng importqa tәueldi baghyttarynyng biri, el jyl sayyn ondaghan mln agrarlyq ónim satyp alady. Sonyng ishinde biday, arpa, jýgeri, mayly daqyldar importy joghary ýleske iye. Qazaqstan songhy jyldary osy naryqqa tiyimdi kire bastady.Mysaly keybir ashyq derekterge sәikes 2025 jyly Irangha biday eksporty 17 esege artqan. Búl baghyttaghy serpin agroónimderdii tereng óndeu, birlesken azyq-týlik kәsiporyndaryn ashu siyaqty seriktestikti kýsheytuge mýmkindik beredi.

Aqparattyq tehnologiyalar salasy Qazaqstan men Irannyng ekonomikalyq baylanystaryn jana sapalyq dengeyge kótere alady. Mysaly Irannyng IKT naryghy aimaqtaghy eng auqymdy naryqtardyng biri. 2024 jyly onyng kólemi $24,65 mlrd boldy, 2025 jyly $24,9 mlrd, al 2030 jylgha qaray $30 mlrd-tan asatyny boljanady. Yaghny sektor túraqty ósim kórsetip otyr. Búl naryqtyng ósuin 5G infraqúrylymyn damytu, sifrlyq servisterge súranys, elektrondy kommersiya, finteh jәne kiyberqauipsizdik salalaryndaghy startaptardyng kóbengi qamtamasyz etude. Qazaqstan ýshin búl  finteh, IT-injiniring, birlesken startap akselerasiyasy jәne kadr dayarlau salalarynda naqty kooperasiyagha jol ashady.

- Bandar-Abbas qalasyndaghy Shahid Radjay portynan Qazaqstangha jer telimining berilui bizding eksporttyq logistikamyzgha qanday jana mýmkindikter ashady? Búl jer qanday maqsatta paydalanylady?

Eng aldymen, Irannyng Shahid Radjay portynan Qazaqstangha arnayy jer telimin berui eki el arasyndaghy joghary dengeydegi ózara senimning naqty jәne simvolikalyq belgisi. Búl sheshim Irannyng Qazaqstandy Parsy shyghanaghyna shyghatyn tranzittik seriktes retinde strategiyalyq túrghyda moyyndaytynyn kórsetedi. Ekinshiden, búl qadam bizding el ýshin óte ýlken logistikalyq jәne ekonomikalyq mýmkindik ashady. Atalghan telim qazaqstandyq jýkterdi tikeley qabyldaytyn, óndeytin jәne qayta jýkteytin jeke terminal retinde qyzmet ete alady, búl eksporttyq marshruttardy edәuir qysqartyp, tasymal qúnyn tómendetedi. Qazaqstan jýkteri Parsy shyghanaghy arqyly Ýndistan, Ontýstik-Shyghys Aziya, Tayau Shyghys jәne Afrika naryqtaryna tikeley shyghu mýmkindigine ie bolady.  Jalpy alghanda, búl jer telimining strategiyalyq maqsaty Qazaqstannyng Parsy shyghanaghyna ózine tiyesili infraqúrylym arqyly tikeley shyghuyn qamtamasyz etu, sol arqyly әlemdik naryqtargha qoljetimdilikti arttyru jәne elimizding Soltýstik–Ontýstik halyqaralyq dәlizindegi rólin aitarlyqtay kýsheytu dep oilaymyn.

- Manghystau oblysynda Iran kәsipkerlerimen birlesken erkin ekonomikalyq aimaq qúru úsynysy qarastyrylyp jatyr. Osy aimaqtyng júmysy óniraralyq saudany qalay nyghayta alady?

Manghystau oblysynda Iran kәsipkerlerimen birlesken erkin ekonomikalyq aimaq (EEA) qúru óniraralyq saudany institusionaldy dengeyde nyghaytatyn manyzdy bastama bola alady.

Búl modeliding tabysqa jetu yqtimaldyghy joghary, óitkeni Qazaqstanda osynday aimaqtardyng tiyimdi júmys istep otyrghanyna naqty mysaldar bar “Aqtau teniz porty”, “Qorghas – Shyghys qaqpasy”t.b.

Birlesken EEA óndiristik kooperasiyany kýsheytip, agroónimderdi óndeu, múnayhimiya, jenil ónerkәsip jәne logistika t.b. salalarynda birlesken kәsiporyndar ashugha mýmkindik beredi. Aqtau jәne Qúryq porttarynyng Irannyng porttarymen integrasiyasy Manghystaudy Kaspiy tenizindegi ónirlik logistikalyq habqa ainaldyra alady. Arnayy ekonomikalyq aimaqqa tәn salyqtyq jenildikter men retteuding jenildetilgen rejimderi sheteldik jәne otandyq investorlar ýshin tartymdy orta qalyptastyryp, investisiyalyq aghyndardy da kóbeyteri sózsiz.

Qazaqstandaghy basqa AEA siyaqty, múnday aimaqtyng ashyluy tek eki el arasyndaghy dәstýrli saudany emes, jana ónerkәsiptik, logistikalyq tizbekterdi damytugha jәne túraqty kooperasiyany qalyptastyrugha jaghday jasaydy.

Abai.kz