Qasym-Jomart Toqaev dәuirindegi kópvektorly diplomatiya

Preziydent Qasym-Jomart Toqaevtyng kópvektorly jәne pragmatikalyq syrtqy sayasaty songhy jyldary Qazaqstannyng ónirlik jәne jahandyq arenadaghy rólin aitarlyqtay kýsheytti.

Osynday kezende Iran Preziydenti Masud Pezeshkiannyng ókilettigining eng basynda Astanagha alghashqylardyng biri bolyp resmy sapar jasauy — búl baghyttyng tiyimdiligin aiqyn kórsetetin manyzdy geosayasy signal. Qazaqstan–Iran qatynastary kólik-tranziyt, energetika, logistika, auyl sharuashylyghy, mәdeniy-gumanitarlyq baylanystar jәne aimaqtyq qauipsizdik salalarynda jana serpin aluda. Kaspiy aimaghyndaghy túraqtylyqty nyghaytu, Parsy shyghanaghyna tikeley shyghu, Bandar-Abbas portynda Qazaqstangha jer bólu, Manghystauda erkin ekonomikalyq aimaq qúru syndy qadamdar – Toqaev kezenindegi syrtqy sayasattyng nәtiyjeli baghytynyng kórinisi. Osy súhbatta sayasattanushy Sәken Mәjinbekov Qazaqstan men Iran arasyndaghy strategiyalyq seriktestikting qazirgi mazmúny men bolashaghyna toqtalyp, Toqaevtyng ónirlik bastamalarynyng manyzyn taldaydy. 

- Preziydent Pezeshkiannyng sapary onyng ókilettigining eng basynda ótip jatyr. Astanany alghashqy baghyt retinde tandaudy Irannyng jana әkimshiligi Qazaqstandy Ortalyq Aziyadaghy basty strategiyalyq әriptesi retinde kóretinining belgisi dep qarastyrugha bola ma?

- Qazaqstan men Iran arasyndaghy qarym-qatynas 1992 jyldan bastau alady. Qazaqstan tәuelsizdik alghannan keyin ainalasyndaghy eldermen diplomatiyalyq qarym-qatynas ornatu barysynda manyzdy qadamdar jasady. Iran memleketi ýshin Qazaqstan qazirgi tanda eng senimdi seriktesterding biri bolyp sanalady.

Eng bastysy, Iran Qazaqstan arqyly tek Orta Aziya memleketterine ghana emes, sonymen qatar Euraziyalyq ekonomikalyq odaq elderi men Qytaygha shyghu mýmkindigin eskere otyryp, Iran preziydentining alghashqy resmy saparlarynyng Qazaqstangha baghyttalghanyna tanqaludyng qajeti joq. Óitkeni geosayasy túrghydan alghanda, dәl qazirgi kezende múnday yntymaqtastyqqa eki tarap ta erekshe mýddeli ekenin bayqaugha bolady.

Ekinshi mәsele – eki elding arasyndaghy qazirgi ózgeristerge baylanysty tranzittik jәne ózge de baylanystardy jan-jaqty damytugha baghyttalghan ózara әrekettestik. Sonymen birge, Qazaqstan men Iran qarym-qatynasy turaly aitqanda, mindetti týrde eki elding Kaspiy aimaghynda ornalasqan bes memleketting qataryndaghy eki el ekenin esten shygharmauymyz kerek.

Osy baghyttardyng barlyghyn eskere otyryp, Iran preziydentining Qazaqstangha resmy sapary atalghan mәselelerdi sheshude asa manyzdy strategiyalyq qadam bolyp tabylady.

- Ghalamdyq turbulenttilik jaghdayynda Astana men Tegeran konstruktivti dialog kórsetip otyr. Kaspiy ónirindegi túraqtylyq pen boljamdylyqty qamtamasyz etetin mediator jәne senimdi kelissóz alany retindegi Qazaqstannyng rólin qalay baghalaysyz?

- Qazaqstan men Iran qarym-qatynasyndaghy Kaspiy elderining arasyndaghy kelissózderdi jýrgizudegi Astanany tek jalpy aimaqtyq emes, jahandyq mәselelerdi sheshude úsynyp jýrgenin bilemiz. Búl jerde Iran men Qazaqstan sharttarymen qatar, janama týrde Aughanstan mәselesi de talqylanatyny belgili. Óitkeni, birinshiden, Aughanstandaghy qauipsizdik mәselesi, jahandyq dengeydegi terrorist mәselelerine qatysty, sonymen birge esirtki saudasynyng mәseleleri, yaghny kez kelgen el búl jerdi ainalyp óte almaytyndyghy. Osy mәselelerdi eskere kele, Qazaqstan men Iran arasyndaghy kóptegen mәselelerdi sheshudegi eng bastysy – jana baghyttar. Qazaqstan qúrlyqtyq memleket bolghandyqtan, biz ýshin eng manyzdy mәsele – búl teniz joldaryna shyghu. Yaghny Iran arqyly tenizge shyghyp ketu mәselesi. Búl balama joldardy keleshekte damytu, sonymen qatar Aqtau portynyng әleuetin arttyru, Aqtau porty arqyly Europagha shyghu mәselesin Iran da, Qazaqstan da jaqsy týsinip otyr. Sondyqtan búl kelissózder ary qaray ózining nәtiyjesin kórsetedi dep oilaymyn.

- Qazaqstan Parsy shyghanaghy porttaryna shyghugha mýddeli. Qazaqstan–Týrikmenstan–Iran temirjol baghytyn tolyq quatymen iske qosu ýshin qazirgi uaqytta qanday naqty qadamdar talqylanyp jatyr? Iran bizding jýkter ýshin jenildetilgen tarifter beruge dayyn ba?

- Qazaqstan men Iran qarym-qatynastaryndaghy jana beles biylghy jylghy mausym, mamyr aiyndaghy Iran tarapynan Euraziyalyq odaq elderine jasalghan jenildik boldy. Salyqty 9 %-dan 5 %-gha týsirui, óz kezeginde óte ýlken tauar ainalymyna әser etti. Shynyn aitsaq, Qazaqstan ainaldyrghan 9 aidyng ishindegi óte ýlken sommadaghy ainalymdar jasady. Sonyng bir nәtiyjesi – jaqynda ghana kelissózderding nәtiyjesinde jýzege asuy tiyis temirjol konteynerlik ainalym jasau mәselesi. Sonymen qatar,  Iran tauarlarynyng biz arqyly Qytay, Resey, Europagha shyghu mәselesi. Búl baghyttaghy júmystar әli de arta beredi. Óitkeni qazirgi tanda búl temirjoldyng óz dengeyinde júmys isteuine, tauar ainalymynyng artuyna jalghyz Iran men Qazaqstan ghana emes, Týrkimenstan men Ózbekstangha da qatysty. Sonymen qatar, Ázirbayjan memleketi de bar.

- Qazirding ózinde 14 kýndik vizasyz rejim júmys istep túr. Iran tarapy biznes pen turister tarapynan qyzyghushylyqtyng naqty artqanyn bayqap otyr ma? Múnay jәne agroónerkәsipten basqa, ekonomikanyng qanday sektorlary jana ósu nýkteleri bola alady?

- Iran men Qazaqstannyng arasyndaghy kelisimsharttardyng ishindegi múnay, kólik, logistika ghana emes, basqa da baghyttarda kóptegen kelissózder jýrgizilip jatyr. Qazaqstan tarapynan eng negizgi qazirgi tasymaldanyp jatqan tauar týri –  arpa men biday. Al Iran jaghy bizge qaraghanda óte kóp tauarlar úsynyp otyr. Sondyqtan búl óz kózeginde qazir Irandaghy jәne Qazaqstandaghy kәsipkerler Qazaqstandaghy auylsharuashylyq salasyna, qúrylys salasyna, basqa da salalargha qatysty kóptegen investisiyalar jasap jatyr. Ol eki el arasyndaghy qarym-qatynastyn, tovar ainalymynyng әri qaray jalghasa beretindigining belgisi. Qazaqstan múnay-gazben, Iran múnay kompaniyasynyng arasynda, sonymen birge Qazaqstan temirjol kompaniyasy men Iran temirjol kompaniyasy arasynda memleketaralyq kelisimder ayasynda memoranumdar jasalghan. Búl óz kezeginde jol, kólik jәne logistikalyq salalar boyynsha yqpaldastyqty arttyruda kóp әser etetini belgili.

- Sizding oiynyzsha, halyqtarymyzdyng tarihy jәne ruhany jaqyndyghy býgin eki el arasyndaghy eng joghary sayasy dengeyde senim qúrugha qalay yqpal etip otyr?

- Qazaq–Iran qarym-qatynasyndaghy turistik baghytynyng arasynda ayaqalysy endi bastalyp jatqan baghyttardyng biri desek bolady. Iran tarapy bizge degen qyzyghushylyghyn bildirude. Bizding jaqtan da qyzyghushylyq arta týsetini belgili. Auylsharuashylyghy, múnay júmystarynan bólek, qazirgi tanda qúrylys, tau-ken óndirisi salalarynda osy eki baghytta investisiyalar tartylyp, júmystar jýrgizilip jatqany bayqaldy.

Endigi aitylatyn taghy bir mәsele – mәdeny yqpaldastyq ayasynda birneshe is-sharalardyng atqaryluy. Eng bastysy – eki elding telearnalarynyng arasyndaghy memorandum. Búl – bizding “Habar” arnasymen Iran últtyq televiziyasynyng arasyndaghy memorandumnyng jasaluy. Sonymen qatar keshegi eki el preziydentining kezdesuinde aitylghan mәsele – eki elding múraghattaryndaghy eki elge qatysty mәlimetterdi erkin, qol jetimdi týrde ghalymdargha úsynu.

Shynyn aitu kerek, bizding kóptegen mәlimetterimiz Iran arhivterinde saqtalghan. Búl baghyttarda 14 kýnge berilgen vizalardy turisterden búryn, eki el arasyndaghy mәdeny yqpaldastyq baghytynda jýrgen adamdar, sonymen birge ghalymdar kóreyin dep otyrghandyghy belgili. Ary qaray osy ghalymdarmenen mәdeny baghyttaghy adamdardyng arasynda ary-beri jýris-túrystyng kóbengi turisterding de ary-beri ainaluyna әser etip, úlghaya beretindigine senimdimin.

- Auyl sharuashylyghy men aqparattyq tehnologiyalardaghy yntymaqtastyq ekijaqty ekonomikalyq baylanystargha qanday jana serpin beredi dep oilaysyz?

- Iran men Qazaqstan qarym-qatynasyndaghy  auylsharuashylyghyna jәne de aqparattyq tehnologiyalargha qatysty eki elding serpin berui óte joghary baghalau alady. Bastysy – bizge syrtqy naryqtyn, auylsharuashylyq ónimderin syrtqa shygharu. Qazirding ózinde biz dәndi-daqyldardy kóp eksporttap otyrmyz. Keleshekte 3 milliardtan asa tasymal jasau kózdelude. Búl baghyttaghy júmystar ary qaray jalghasa beredi. Sonymen qatar, 10 kýnge sozylghan Izraili–Iran soghysy biraz nәrseni anghartty. Iran tehnologiyalyq túrghydan osy uaqytqa deyin qanshama әlemdik sanksiyanyng qúrsauynda otyrsa da, әlemdik tehnologiyadan kesh qalmaghanyn dәleldedi. Sondyqtan aqparattyq tehnologiya salasynda, әsires zymyrandardan qorghanu salasy boyynsha, әskery drondar salasy boyynsha kóptegen yntymaqtastyqtar oryn alyp, eki el arasyndaghy osy baghytta seriktestik damidy degen oidamyz.

- Bandar-Abbas qalasyndaghy Shahid Radjay portynan Qazaqstangha jer telimining berilui bizding eksporttyq logistikamyzgha qanday jana mýmkindikter ashady? Búl jer qanday maqsatta paydalanylady?

-Shahid Radjay portyn bizge beru arqyly Qazaqstannyng tenizge shyghu mýmkindigi, Jerorta tenizi arqyly kez-kelgen eldermen sauda-sattyq joldaryna qosylu mýmkindigi ashylady. Búl jerden berilgen jerdi bizge degen sauda-sattyqty arttyrugha degen senimi dep qabyldap, ony keleshekte osy ýlken mýmkindikter alany retinde paydalana alamyz degen oidamyn.

- Manghystau oblysynda Iran kәsipkerlerimen birlesken erkin ekonomikalyq aimaq qúru úsynysy qarastyrylyp jatyr. Osy aimaqtyng júmysy óniraralyq saudany qalay nyghayta alady?

- Manghystau oblysy Iran memleketine eng jaqyn ornalasqan aimaq retinde jәne Kaspiy arqyly shygha alatyn mýmkindikterin keninen qoldanyp, birinshi kezekte Qúryq portynyng rólin ary qaray da arttyru kerek. Ekinshiden, qazirding ózinde Manghystau men Iran elining arasynda jasalghan kelisimsharttardyng ruhany baylanysy ayasynda manghystaulyq ónerpazdar Irangha baryp, qazaq ónerin, mәdeniyetin tanytyp jatyr.

Sonymen qatar Manghystaudyng ózinde Iran kәsipkerlerining aralasuymen auylsharuashylyq salasy boyynsha ónimderdi óndiru jәne óndeu baghytynda birneshe birlesken kәsiporyndar qúryluda. Odan keyin búl jerde erkin ekonomikalyq aimaq úsynu arqyly Iran kәsipkerlerin kóbirek tartyp, yaghny investisiyalar tarta otyryp, Qazaqstannyng orta baghyttaghy әleuetine kóptegen yqpaldastyqtar engizu kózdelip otyr.

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