Shyghys Týrkistan óniri geografiyalyq tarihy jaghynan Jonghariya jәne Qashqariya dep eki ýlken bólikke bólinedi. Qazaqtar Jonghariyanyng qúramyndaghy Ile anghary, Erenqabyrgha-Boghda bókteri, Tarbaghatay, Altay taulary jýlgesinde ómir sýredi.

Shyghys Týrkistan óniri Sin imperiyasy baqylauyndaghy shekaralyq aimaq bolghanymen 19.ghasyrdyng songhy jartysynda Aghylshyn jәne Resey imperiyasynyng talas-tartys zonasyna ainaldy. Alpauyt elder ýshin Aughanstan qalay bufferlik aimaqqa ainalsa eki imperiya ýshin Shynjang dәl solay sayasy bufferlik zonagha ainaldy. Soghan baylanysty túrghylyqty qazaqtar men úighyrlar úzaq jyldar boyy imperiyalyq sayasy pighyldyng ýnemi qúrbanyna ainalyp otyrdy.

HH ghasyrdyng 20-30 jyldary atalghan aimaqta Sovettik sayasy hәm ekonomikalyq basymdyq әldeqayda tereng sipat aldy. Aghylshyn imperiyasynyng yqpalyn әlsiretu maqsatynda Mәskeu naqty sayasy josparlardy kezen-kezeni boyynsha jýzege asyrdy.

1934 jyly Sovet Odaghynyng әskery operasiyasy negizinde ónirde bufferlik ýkimet qúryldy. Uaqytsha ýkimet Qytay ortalyq ýkimetinen at kekilin kesisti. Sovet Odaghynyng әue kýshteri Qúmyl qalasynda әue әskery bazasyn qúrdy, sonymen Ortalyq Gomindani ýkimetimen baylanys kilt ýzildi.

Mәskeuding sayasy maqsaty Shyghys Týrkistanda bufferlik kommunistik ýkimet qúru arqyly sosialistik baza jasaqtau jәne ishki qytayda partizandyq is-qimylmen ainalysyp jýrgen qytay kommunisterin Ýrimjige toptau edi. Sonymen qytaylyq kommunisterding bazasy Shynjangha jaqyn shekaralyq aimaqtargha qaray kóshiriletin boldy. Sol jyldary Komintern adamdary jýzdep, myndap qytaygha jiberildi. Mongholiya geografiyalyq jaqtan ynghayly aimaq bolghandyqtan Ólgiy ónirine jiberilgen Komintern adamdary Shyghys Týrkistangha jiberildi.

Reseylik imperiyanyng aimaqtaghy yqpalyna baylanysty qazaq intelliygensiyasy ekige jaryldy. Sh.Kógedayúly bastaghan tóreler úrpaghy Reseylik yqpalmen sanasa otyryp últty saqtap qaludy jәne Qazaq SSR-men sayasi, mәdeny baylanysty ýzbeudi kózdedi. Elisqan Álipúly bastaghan attóbelindey az ghana top ózine ergen 3000-gha juyq týtin kóshting legimen Shynjannan ishki Qytay aumaghyna yaghny Gansu, Sinhay ónirine kóshti. Salystyrmaly týrde búl aimaq Aghylshyn imperiyasynyng qyzyghushylyghy oyanghan kýrdeli aimaq edi. Tiybet pen Gansu koridoryna ghylymy ekspedisiya úiymdastyryp jýrgen Europalyq baqylaudyng nazaryna endi kóshpeli qazaqtar ilige bastady. Elisqan Álipúlynyng sayasy maqsaty Gansu-Sinhay-Shynjang shekarasynda әskery baza qúryp kommunistik biylikpen kýresu edi. Ol ýshin alpauyt kýsh kerek, maqsat- Gomini biylikpen yntymaqtasu jәne Gomindani arqyly Aghylshyn kýshterine jýginu. Degenmen ol kezde qytaydyng ózinde ortalyqtanghan sayasiy-әskery biylik joq-tyn. Onyng ornyna aimaq-aymaqty jekelegen әli jetken әskery jәne qarjylyq toptar biyleytin. Elisqan eli kóship barghan Gansu men Sinhaydy Ma әuleti biylep tósteytin.

Qosh, Sovettik biylikti jaqtaghan qazaq intelliygensiyasy bufferlik ýkimetting әkimshilik, sayasy jәne mәdeny salalaryna tyghyz aralasty. Ýkimet qarjysymen mәdeni-aghartu úiymdary qúryldy jәne jappay mektep ashu, teatr qúru, mәdeny ómir men baspasóz qyzmetin jaqsartu nauqany bastaldy. 1934-39 jyldary bir ghana Altay ónirining ózinen 60-qa juyq qazaq mektebi boy kóterdi. Iri jәne shaghyn qalalar men auyldy eldimekenderde pedagogikalyq kurstar ashyldy. Ol jerde jýzdegen orta dengeyli mektep múghalimderi bilimin jetildirdi. Mәdeniyet pen baspasóz, ruhany salalargha ýkimettik jospar engizilip qarajaty bólindi. Tútas bir kezendi qamtyghan altyn dәuir bastaldy.

Degenmen 1937 jyldan bastap barlau organdary qúryldy. 1938 jyldan bastap baqylau men barlau qyzmeti kýsheydi. 1939 jyldan bastap sayasy tútqyndau bastaldy. Dәl osy jyly neshe on myng azamattyng ýstinen qylmystyq is qozghaldy. Ýrimji, Shәueshek, Qúlja men Altay qalalarynda sayasy lagerler men týrmeler salyndy. Ol jerlerde qazaq oqyghandary men atqaminerleri tergeldi, auyr azapty súraqqa tartyldy. Barlau jәne tergeu qyzmeti Sovettik NKVD-nyng jýiesi boyynsha jasaldy. Tipti key jaghdayda Sovettik NKVD tergeushileri de Shynjanda belsendi qyzmet atqardy.

Altay, Tarbaghatay, Ile jәne Erenqabyrgha men Boghda, Barkól ónirinen neshe myndaghan adamdar tergeuga alynyp týrmege jabyldy. Týrmeden tiri shyqqan adamdar qatary az boldy. Basty taghylghan aiyp - "Japon tynshysy", "Aghylshyn shpiony", tb. Nәtiyjesinde 1939-41 jj. aralyghynda qazaq oqyghandarynyng deni sayasy qughyn-sýrginning qúrbanyna ainaldy. 1940 jyldan bastap sayasy qysym men qughyn-sýrginge baylanysty últ-azattyq kóterilister payda boldy. Kóterilis negizinde 1943-44 jyly Aqýy ýkimeti, keyin Qúlja qalasynda Shyghys Týrkistan Respublikasy qúryldy. Uaqytsha ýkimet Sovet Odaghynyng bufferlik aimaqtaghy yqpalyn saqtaugha josparlanghan nysangha ainaldy. Nәtiyjesinde halyqtyng qany men jany arqyly kelgen ýkimet strategiyalyq oiynshyqqa ainaldy. 1946 jyly uaqytsha ýkimet taratylyp ornyna kelisimpaz koalisiyalyq biylik jasaqtalghan song qazaq intelliygensiyasy taghy ekige bólindi. Biri Sovetshil-Shyghys Týrkistanshyldar; ekinshisi Aghylshyn әlemine ýmit artqan Gomindanidyq Chin Týrkistanshyldar. Manas ózeni eki sayasy zonanyng shekara syzyghyna ainaldy. Dariyanyng eki jaghalauy myndaghan әskeriylerding shep qúrghan aimaghyna ainaldy.

Últ azattyq kóterilis alghash ret búrq ete qalghan tústa Sovettik mayly jilikke moyynsúnbaghan Elisqan elining baghyty Gansudan ótip Sinhay men Tiybet arqyly Aghylshyn imperiyasy baqylauyndaghy Pәkistangha jetken edi. 3000-nan astam týtin ýi, 18 mynnan astam qazaqtyng deni Gansu men Tiybette qalyp tek ýsh myngha juyghy (jolda kórmegendi kórip) Pәkistangha jetedi. Pәkistandaghy Aghylshyn ýkimeti olardy tauly aimaqta onashalap jyl boyy karantinge ústaydy. Karantin saldarynan jәne úzaq jyl 6000 metr biyik Tiybet jotalarynda ómir sýrip birden ylghal aimaqqa kelgendikten týrli oba tarap ýsh mynnyng basym bóligi taghy qyrylyp qalady. Kóshti bastap barghan Elisqan Álipúly da sol jerde kóz júmdy. Aman qalghan az ghana qazaq on jyldan astam uaqyt Pәkistanda túryp keyin Týrkiyagha kóshedi. Kóshting júqanaghy ghana Týrkiyagha jetedi.

Chin Týrkistanshyl qazaq intelliygensiyasynyng bir bóligi 1950 jyldan keyin Tiybetting sary jon jotasy arqyly Ýndistan baqylauyndaghy Kashmir aimaghyna jetedi. Kashmirge ornyqqan song olar 1930 jyldary elden kóship ketken Elisqan elimen baylanys jasap Pәkistanmen qarym-qatynas ornatady.

Arghy betting tarihy qysqasha osynday, bilip jýreyik, sayasy qughyn-sýrginge úshyraghan arghy betting kórneki túlghalary men ziyaly qauym ókilderin eske alyp jýreyik. Ruhy shad bolsyn!

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