Tarihtyng eng auyr sabaqtarynyng kóbi keyde — beybitshilikting qadirin soghys bastalghannan keyin ghana týsinu. 1973 jylghy qazan aiynda Tayau Shyghysta tútanghan Yom-Kippur soghysy osy ashy aqiqattyng aiqyn dәleli boldy. Eki aptagha sozylghan qandy qaqtyghys Izraili, Mysyr jәne Siriya arasyndaghy teketiresti jana dengeyge shygharyp qana qoymay, býkil әlemning sayasy jәne ekonomikalyq ahualyna әser etti.

1973 jyldyng 6 qazany. Izraili halqy ýshin qasiyetti kýn — Yom-Kippur, yaghny Kýnәdan arylu kýni. Búl kýni elde ómir әdettegiden de bayaulap, adamdar qúlshylyq pen oigha shomugha bet audaratyn. Alayda dәl osy sәtte Tayau Shyghystyng sayasy kókjiyegin qara búlt torlady. Mysyr men Siriya kýtpegen jerden Izrailige qarsy keng auqymdy shabuyl bastady.

Búl soghys kezdeysoq tútanghan joq. Onyng tamyry 1967 jylghy Alty kýndik soghysqa baryp tireledi. Sol soghysta Izraili Sinay týbegin, Gaza sektoryn, Batys jaghalaudy, Shyghys IYerusalimdi jәne Golan jotalaryn baqylauyna aldy. Arab memleketteri búl aumaqtardyng joghaluyn auyr jenilis retinde qabyldady. Ásirese Mysyr ýshin Sinay týbegining taghdyry últtyq namysqa aynaldy. Siriya da Golan jotalaryn qaytarudy maqsat etti.

Alty jyl boyy diplomatiyalyq kelissózder nәtiyjeli bolmady. Maydan shebindegi shiyelenis keyde bәsendep, keyde qayta órship otyrdy. Mysyr preziydenti Anvar Sadat Izraili basyp alghan Sinaydy qaytarudy josparlady. Siriya preziydenti Hafez Asad ta Golan jotalaryn azat etu niyetinen ketәri emes edi. Sóitip, 1973 jyldyng kýzine qaray soghys qaupi aiqyn sezile bastady.

Alayda Izraili basshylyghy arab elderining tolyqqandy soghysqa dayyndalyp jatqanyn der kezinde baghalay almady. Elding әskery barlau jýiesi Mysyr men Siriyanyng shabuyl jasaugha әzirligi turaly mәlimetter alghanymen, joghary basshylyq osy aqparatty jetkilikti dengeyde qabyldamady. Izraili ózin әskery túrghydan ýstem memleket retinde sezindi. 1967 jylghy jenis onyng әskery senimin kýsheytken edi.

6 qazan kýni týsten keyin arab әskerleri bir mezgilde eki baghytta shabuylgha kóshti. Mysyr armiyasy Sues kanalynan ótip, Izraili әskerleri salghan qorghanys shebin búzugha kiristi. Siriya әskeri Golan jotalary baghytynda algha jyljydy. Izraili ýshin búl shabuyl kýtpegen soqqy boldy.

Mysyrlyq sarbazdar Sues kanalynan ótu kezinde erekshe injenerlik tәsilderdi paydalandy. Izraili salghan qúm bógetterin su atqysh qúrylghylardyng kómegimen búzyp, әsker men tehnikany arghy betke ótkizdi. Alghashqy kýnderi Mysyr armiyasy edәuir aumaqty baqylauyna alyp, Izrailiding qorghanys shebin shayqaltty.

Soltýstik maydandaghy jaghday Izraili ýshin odan da kýrdeli edi. Siriya әskeri Golan jotalarynda jyldam shabuyl jasap, Izraili qorghanysyn búzugha tyrysty. Izraili armiyasy birneshe kýn boyy auyr qysymgha tap boldy. Elding әskeriy-sayasy basshylyghy rezervtegi әskerlerdi jedel júmyldyrugha mәjbýr boldy.

Soghystyng alghashqy kýnderi arab memleketteri aitarlyqtay tabysqa jetkenimen, maydandaghy jaghday kóp úzamay ózgere bastady. Izraili armiyasy rezervtik kýshterin jinap, qarsy shabuylgha kóshti. Siriya maydanynda Izraili әskerleri shabuyldy toqtatyp qana qoymay, qarsy jaqtyng aumaghyna qaray ilgeriledi. Al Mysyr maydanynda da shayqastardyng sipaty ózgerdi.

Soghystyng ekinshi kezeninde Izraili Sues kanalynan batysqa qaray ótip, Mysyr aumaghyna ene bastady. Izraili armiyasynyng bólimderi Kairge aparatyn joldargha jaqynday týsti. Búl jaghday Mysyr ýshin óte qauipti edi. Siriyanyng da әskery jaghdayy kýrdelene týsti.

Osy tústa soghysqa eki alpauyt derjavanyng — Amerika Qúrama Shtattary men Kenes Odaghynyng aralasuy aiqyn sezildi. Qyrghiy-qabaq soghys kezeninde Izrailidi AQSh qoldasa, Mysyr men Siriya Kenes Odaghymen tyghyz әskeriy-sayasy baylanysta boldy. Eki derjava da óz odaqtastaryna qaru-jaraq pen әskery tehnika jetkizdi. Sondyqtan Tayau Shyghystaghy qaqtyghys bir sәtte әlemdik derjavalardyng tikeley teketiresine úlasyp ketu qaupin tughyzdy.

Soghys barysyndaghy eng qauipti kezenderding biri — yadrolyq teketires qaupining kýshengi edi. Kenes Odaghy arab memleketterining jaghdayyna alandasa, AQSh Izrailiding әskery basymdyghyn saqtaugha tyrysty. Halyqaralyq qauymdastyq qaqtyghystyng keneyip ketuinen qauiptendi.

BÚÚ araghayyndyq jasaugha kiristi. Aqyry 1973 jyldyng 22 qazanynda Qauipsizdik Kenesi atysty toqtatudy talap etetin qarar qabyldady. Biraq maydandaghy qaqtyghystar birden toqtay qoyghan joq. Birneshe kýnnen keyin taraptar atysty toqtatugha kelisti.

Yom-Kippur soghysy әskery túrghydan aiqyn jenimpazsyz ayaqtalghanymen, onyng sayasy nәtiyjesi asa manyzdy boldy. Arab memleketteri 1967 jylghy jenilisten keyin ózderining әskery qabiletin qayta kórsetti. Izraili bolsa, ózining qorghanys jýiesine tym senip, qarsylastyng mýmkindigin tómen baghalaudyng qanshalyqty qauipti ekenin týsindi.

Soghys Izraili qoghamyna da auyr әser etti. Myndaghan adamnyng qaza boluy men jaralanuy elde ýlken qayghy tughyzdy. Ýkimet pen әskery basshylyqtyng soghysqa dayyndyq dengeyi syngha alyndy. Keyin Izrailiding sayasy basshylyghynda eleuli ózgerister oryn aldy.

Al Mysyr ýshin soghys sayasy túrghydan manyzdy jetistikke ainaldy. Preziydent Anvar Sadat arab әleminde bedelin nyghaytyp, Izrailimen kelissózder jýrgizuge jana mýmkindik aldy. Birneshe jyldan keyin búl ýrdis tarihy oqighagha úlasty: Mysyr men Izraili beybitshilik kelisimine jaqyndady. 1978 jyly AQSh preziydenti Djimmy Karterding araghayyndyghymen Kemp-Devid kelisimderi jasalyp, 1979 jyly Mysyr men Izraili arasynda beybitshilik shartyna qol qoyyldy. Sonyng nәtiyjesinde Sinay týbegi kezen-kezenimen Mysyrgha qaytaryldy.

Yom-Kippur soghysynyng saldary Tayau Shyghystan әldeqayda asyp týsti. Arab múnay eksporttaushy elderi Izrailidi qoldaghan memleketterge múnay jetkizudi shektedi. Múnay baghasy kýrt ósti. Búl jaghday Batys elderinde energetikalyq daghdarys tughyzyp, әlem ekonomikasyna auyr soqqy boldy. Osylaysha Tayau Shyghystaghy bir soghys jahandyq ekonomikalyq ózgeristerding katalizatoryna ainaldy.

Býgingi kýni 1973 jylghy soghysqa ondaghan jyldar ótse de, onyng tarihy sabaghy manyzyn joghaltqan joq. Yom-Kippur soghysy әskery kýshting ózi túraqty beybitshilikke kepil bola almaytynyn kórsetti. Qaruly jenis sayasy jaghdaydy týbegeyli sheshe almaydy. Kerisinshe, sheshilmegen dau uaqyt óte kele jana qaqtyghystyng tútanuyna sebep boluy mýmkin.

Búl soghys sonday-aq barlau aqparatyna, sayasy sheshimderding sapasyna jәne qarsylasty dúrys baghalaugha qatysty manyzdy sabaq qaldyrdy. 1967 jylghy jenisting әserimen Izraili basshylyghy óz qauipsizdigine shamadan tys senim artty. Al birneshe jyl ótken song kýtpegen shabuyl osy senimning qanshalyqty osal ekenin kórsetti.

Yom-Kippur soghysyn tek Tayau Shyghystaghy kezekti әskery qaqtyghys dep qarau — onyng tarihy manyzyn taryltu bolar edi. Búl soghys halyqaralyq sayasattyng kýrdeliligin, geosayasy mýddelerding qaqtyghysyn, energetikalyq resurstardyng әlemdik ekonomikadaghy ornyn jәne beybit kelissózderding qúndylyghyn aiqyn tanytty.

Tarih keyde oqighalardy jyldarmen emes, adamdardyng taghdyryndaghy izderimen ólsheydi. 1973 jyldyng qazany da sonday kezenderding biri. Aytsaq birneshe kýn ishinde myndaghan otbasy qara jamyldy, tútas memleketter óz qauipsizdigine janasha qaraugha mәjbýr boldy, al әlem ekonomikasy kýtpegen daghdarysqa tap boldy.

Yom-Kippur soghysynyng eng basty sabaghy — soghys bastalghan kezde onyng qay jerde toqtaytynyn eshkim naqty bilmeydi. Sondyqtan adamzat ýshin eng ýlken jenis — qarsylasyn jenu emes, soghystyng aldyn alu. Tayau Shyghystyng qangha boyalghan tarihy osy qarapayym, biraq asa qymbat aqiqatty qayta-qayta eske salady.

Beysenghazy Úlyqbek,

Qazaqstan Jurnalister Odaghynyng mýshesi

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