Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin adamzat balasy janadan joyqyn qaru oilap tapty. 1945 jyly Japoniyanyng Hirosima-Nagasaky qalalaryna amerikandyqtar atom qaruyn synaghan sәtten bastap, býginge deyin jer betinde 2,5 mynnan astam yadrolyq jarylystar bolghan eken. Osylardyng tórtten biri, yaghni, 630-dan astamy qazaqtyng jerinde jarylghan. Seleui tógilip, bәisheshegi jayqalghan, nuyna qaz qonyp, aqqu úshqan qúnarly ónir - synaq alanyna ainaldy.
Múnday joyqyn synaqqa dalanyng jýgirgen any, úshqan qúsy da úryndy. Eng ýlken qasiret - búl dalany ghasyrlar boyy mekendep kele jatqan qazaq balasyna medlaboratoriyalardaghy súr qoyandar siyaqty tiridey tәjiriybe synaghy jasaldy.

Ekinshi dýniyejýzilik soghystan keyin adamzat balasy janadan joyqyn qaru oilap tapty. 1945 jyly Japoniyanyng Hirosima-Nagasaky qalalaryna amerikandyqtar atom qaruyn synaghan sәtten bastap, býginge deyin jer betinde 2,5 mynnan astam yadrolyq jarylystar bolghan eken. Osylardyng tórtten biri, yaghni, 630-dan astamy qazaqtyng jerinde jarylghan. Seleui tógilip, bәisheshegi jayqalghan, nuyna qaz qonyp, aqqu úshqan qúnarly ónir - synaq alanyna ainaldy.
Múnday joyqyn synaqqa dalanyng jýgirgen any, úshqan qúsy da úryndy. Eng ýlken qasiret - búl dalany ghasyrlar boyy mekendep kele jatqan qazaq balasyna medlaboratoriyalardaghy súr qoyandar siyaqty tiridey tәjiriybe synaghy jasaldy.

Últymyz ýshin asa qaterli dýnie 1940-shy jyldardan bastap qazaq dalasynyng 34 jerine atom, sutegi qarularyn synaqtan ótkizetin әrtýrli poligondar ornatty. Búlardyng bәri tek qana qazaqtar qalyng qonystanghan ólkelerge arnayy qondyrylghan.
Ataghy jer jýzin ýreylendirgen Semey jerindegi atom synaq poligonyn bylay qoyghanda 1950 jyldary  Batys Qazaqstan men Atyrau oblystarynyng aumaghynda  әskeriy-tehnikalyq «Azghyr» atom poligon jýiesi qúryldy. Sonynan ýreyli «Kapustin Yar» poligonyna ainaldy. Osyghan baylanysty Orda audany taratyldy. Halqy kýshpen jer audaryldy.
1957-1962 jyldary «Kapustin Yar» әskery poligonynda  quaty 983,4 k/t ten, biyiktigi 300 shaqyrymgha jeteqabyl   11 әue jarylysy boldy. Osy әuedegi ashyq jarylystardyng quaty 1945 jyly Japoniyanyng Hirosima qalasyna tastaghan atom bombasynan 65 ese zor bolghan.
1966-1979 jyldar araalyghynda«Azghyr» poligonynda 160-1500 metr  terendikte 17 jerasty  yadrolyq jarylysy jýzege asty. 1966 jyly 22 nauryz kýni 500 túrghyny bar  «Azghyr» auylynyng dәl irgesine 1,5 shaqyrym qashyqqa әkelip atom qaruyn synap, beyshara halyqqa tәjiriybe jasady.
Qysqasy, jogharydaghy poligondarda qoldan basqarylatyn 25 myng raketa jarylyp,177 týrli әskery tehnika synaqtan ótken. Osynau tәjiriybelerden keyin әr jerde shashylyp qalghan 700 tonna әskeriy-tehnika qaldyqtary songhy jyldargha  deyin dalada ashyq-shashyq jatty. Sonyng saldarynan  su men topyraqqa  qorghasyn,    mys, myrysh, kadmiy siyaqty  ziyandy metaldardyn  qospasy jayyldy. Radiasiyadan qorghau jәne ekologiya  institutynyng zertteuine qaraghanda: búl jerding topyraghy men suynda qorghasyn - 80 myn, mys - 8 myn, myrysh - 270 myng ese  kóp ekendigi  anyqtaldy.
Býgingi tanda  poligongha jaqyn ornalasqan audandarda 1600-dey kemtar bala  esepte túrady. 3700 adam  mýgedektigi turaly jәrdemaqy alady. «Azghyr» poligony manynda túratyn túrghyndardyng dennsauulyghy oblystyng ózge audandarymen salystyrghanda  2-3 ese tómen. Óitkeni, búl poligonnyng saldarynan payda bolghan uly zattyng mólsheri 10 millionnan astam  kuriydi qúrap otyr.
Batys Qazaqstan oblysynyng 1500 gektar jeri әli kýnge deyin «Kapustin Yar» poligonynyng qaramaghynda. Resey әli kýnge synaq jasaudy toqtatqan joq. Kýn sayyn dýrsildegen alapat jarylystardy jergilikti halyq estip otyrady.
Jogharyda atap ótkenimizdey «Kapustin Yar» poligonyn ornatu ýshin Kenes Odaghy kezinde Orda audany taratylyp, halqyn kýshpen jer audardy. Búl әli aitylyp, jazylmay kele jatqan zor nәubetting biri.

Atalghan  oqighanyng ortasynda bolyp, jer audarylghan azamattardyng biri - tanymal aqyn, sheber audarmashy Qayrat Júmaghaliyev aghamyzdyng әngimesine qúlaq týrelik endi:

- Qayreke, ataqty «Kapustin Yar» poligony ornaytyn bolyp, Narynnyng boyyn jaylaghan júrtty jer audarghanda siz ishinde boldynyz. Osy oqigha jayly aityp berseniz?
- Orda audanynyng «Azghyr» deytin auylyndaghy mektep-internattyng 8-shi klasynda oqyp jýrgem. Kenet sabaqty toqtatyp bizdi 100 shaqyrym jerde ornalasqan ózimizding auyl Ayghyrqúmgha alyp keldi. Búl 1952-shi jyl bolatyn. Auylgha kelsek adamdar: «bizdi Shymkent jaqqa kóshiredi eken», dep dýrligip jýr. «Shymkentte qorghasyn zauyty bar saqamyzgha qorghasyn qúiyp oinaytyn boldyq», dep balalar quanyp әlek. Olar aldynda qanday taghdyrdyng kýtip túrghanyn qaydan bilsin.
Sodan bir týnde kóshirdi. Dýnie astan-kesten, ne bolyp, ne qoyyp jatqanyn eshkim bilmeydi. Jan-jaqtan jinalghan әkim-qaralar dik-dik etedi. Jarytyp jauap ta bermeydi. Barlyghymyzdy «Sudabekr» deytin әskery mashinagha tiyep alyp temirjolgha qaray alyp jóneldi.
- Qansha adam jer audarylghany turaly naqty derek bar ma?
- Basqasyn bilmeymin, tek bizding kolhozda 250-ge tarta otbasy bar edi. Audan kóleminde osynday ýlkendi-kishili 52 eldi-meken bar dep oila. Sonda qansha adam bolady. Ishtey eseptep kórgin. Audandy týgin qoymay taratty. Qazaq topyraghyndaghy túnghysh mektep osy audanda ashylghan. Ótken ghasyr basyndaghy últ ziyalylarynyng betke ústar qaymaqtary osynda oqyp, bilim alghan naghyz qazynaly meken edi. Onyng syrtynda túnghysh bank men baspahananyng taghany da osynda qalanghan. Ony az deseniz, alghash ret europalyq standartpen emdeytin medkurstar ashylghan...
Ordadaghy mektepte oqyghan qazaqtar arasynan ataqty ghalym-aghartushy Múhamed-Salyq Babajanov, Peterbor uniyversiytetining shyghys tilderi, zan, matematika fakulitetterin bitirgen - Baqtygerey Qúlmanov, Sәlimgerey Jantóriyn, aghayyndy Batyrqayyr, Ábdilkәrim Niyazovtar, Qazan, Saratov uniyversiytetterining medisina fakulitetin bitirgen Mәjit Shombalov, Mahmút Sholtyrov, Batyrghaly Jýsipqaliyevtar shyghypty. Búlardan basqa әskery generaldar shyqty. Sonyng biri - Ghúbaydolla Jәngirov patsha zamanynda ministr dәrejesine kóterilip, Reseyding Dumasyna saylaugha týsken qazaq deputattaryna qarjylay kómek kórsetti.
Búlardan keyingi Ordada oqyghan qazaqtar tolyqtay Alash qayratkerleri atandy. Bylaysha aitqanda, HIH ghasyrda Batys ónirde tútastay qazaqtyng últshyl-ziyaly toby qalyptasty. Dәl osy qazaqtyng ruhaniyaty qaynap shyghyp jatqan jerge әkelip poligon ornatty. Qazaq: «Shópting ózi jer tandap ósedi» deydi emes pe. Sol siyaqty elimizding ekinshi qiyry - Abay-Shәkәrim-Múhtarlar tughan nәrli topyraqqa aparyp taghy bir alapat poligon ornatty. Osylay últtyng ruhy qaynap-pisip, týlep-jetilip jatqan topyraqty tamyryna deyin qúrtty...
- Sonymen sizderdi sypyryp-siyryp temirjolgha qaray ala jóneldi...
- Úlarday shulap ketip baramyz... Kýni býginge deyin kóz aldymda - elding bәri enirep-jylap, itter úlyp, týie bozdap, siyr mónirep súmdyq boldy. Tughan topyraghynan eriksiz ketip bara jatqanyn mal ekesh, mal da biledi eken. Kórshi ýiding sary ingeni bozdaghanda onyng dauysyn estigen júrttyng tóbe qúiqasy shymyrlady. Jәudiregen qos janarynan saulaghan jas jelkildegen shudasyn juyp ketti. Anam jaryqtyq zar jylaghan aruanagha qarap túryp:
Kóshkende qúm Naryndy qiya almadym,
Kól qylyp kóz jasymdy tyya almadym,
Esimdi kópke deyin jiya almadym,
Ýstine qara jerding syya almadym, - dep kóris saldy.
Ýlkender jaghy: «Búl jerden jeti júrt kóship edi, segizinshi bolyp biz kóship bara jatyrmyz», dep kóshken elge basu aitumen boldy.
- Ýi-jay, mal-mýlikterinizdi ne istedinizder?
- Ol kezde qaybir jetisken jihaz bar deysin. Ony-múny dýniyemizdi aldyq. Ýi-jay sol kýii qaldy. Qoldaghy maldarymyzdy jiyp-terip basqa audandargha aidap ketti.
- Ýi-jay men maldyng ornyna ótemaqy berdi me?
- Ár otbasynyng basshysyna 1000 rubli, qalghan jan basyna 250 rubli aqsha berdi. Bәri osynyng ishinde...
Sodan bizdi topyrlatyp «Sayqyn» degen stansagha alyp keldi. Osy jerge kelgen song mal tasugha arnalghan qyzyl aghash vagondargha tiyedi. Vogandarda tereze joq. «Adamdargha obal-au» dep esirkep jýrgen jan balasy bolsayshy. Aqyryp-zekirip, kәduilgi mal aidaghanday zirkildeydi...  Shymkentke deyin tura 17 kýn jýrdik. Jolda kez kelgen ótkizu punktterine toqtaymyz. Qashan qozghalamyz, qayda baramyz ol jaghy beymәlim. Yrghatylyp kelip poyyz toqtaghanda japa-tarmaghay týse qalyp, samauyr jaghyp, shay qaynatyp ishemiz. Keyde shay qaynaghansha poyyz jýrip ketip, ystyq sudy jerge tóge salyp, әreng ilinemiz. Qozghalghan poyyzgha asyghys otyram dep jýrip, bir adam temir dóngelekke basylyp qaza tapty.
Vagonnyng ishindegi ystyq my qaynatady. Toqtaghan stansiyalardan bir shelek suyq su әkelip, qabyrghalargha shashqanda ózinen-ózi qaynap, bulanyp úshyp ketedi. Qazir oilasam, tamyzdyng shilingir ystyghynda eldi kóshire me eken, әdeyi istelgen qastandyq siyaqty.

- Sonymen sizderdi qayda әkeldi?
- Ol kezdegi ataumen Shymkent oblysy, Jetisay audanynyng «Teliman» deytin kolhozyna alyp keldi. Janadan qúrylyp jatqan sharuashylyq eken. Bizden búryn Jambyl jaqtan adamdar kóship kelipti. Maqta ósirumen ainalysady...
Kelgen kýnning erteninde dalanyng tasbaqasyn teruge shyqtyq. Sebebi, maqta dәni alghash ósip shyqqanda, qyltighan jasyl japyraghyn tasbaqa júlyp jep qoyatyn kórinedi. Býkil dalanyng tasbaqasyn jiyp-terip órtep jiberdik. Árbir tasbaqa ýshin bizge bes tiyn aqsha tóleydi.
- Kolhoz kóship kelgenderge baspana berdi me?
- Qaydaghy baspana, anam ekeuimiz búryn kóship kelgen bir qazaqtyng «vremyankasyn» jaldadyq. Eng ýlken qasiretti aitayyn: sizge ótirik, maghan shyn, janadan kóship kelgen elden kýnine tórt-bes adam ólip túrdy.
- Nelikten olay boldy?
- Óitkeni, biz qonyrjay klimatta, jer asty ylghalynan sýzilip shyqqan qúdyqtyng suyn iship ýirengenbiz. Múnda kelip eriksiz aryqtyng suyn ishtik. Osydan ish auru payda bolyp, әsirese balalar qynaday qyryldy. Kóp keshikpey batystan kóship kelgen elding 65 payyzy qyrylyp qaldy. Teng jartysynan astamy.
Ólimning kóptigi sonshalyq adamdar bir-birine kónil aitudan qalady eken. Shirkin, osynyng bәrin kezinde aita almadym. Búl úzaq әngime, qaraghym!
Zang qatty eshkimdi sebepsiz júmystan bosatpaydy, shirkin-ay ólikterdi jerleuding ózi syn boldy ghoy. Ólik kóp, jerleytin adam joq. Qanday qasiret edi! Osylay bizding arqamyzda auyldyng shetinde ainalasy at shaptyrym qorym-zirat payda boldy. Zirattyng ýlkeygeni sonshalyq bilmeytin adam ony «janadan ornaghan ýlken auyl eken» dep qalatynday dәrejege jetti. Óitkeni, qabirding qasyndaghy bizding kolhoz kózge kórinbey qaldy.
Osylay shyraghym, Ontýstikke kelgen ordalyqtar búl ónirde búryn-sondy bolmaghan asa qysqa uaqytta ýlken zirat ornatyp berdik.
- Qashyp-pysyp kóshkender boldy ma?
- Taghy bir súmdyqty aitayyn: bizding bәrimizde pasport joq, qújatymyzdy jinap alghan, adam sanatynda emespiz. Tólqújat joq qayda baramyz. Birli-jarym qashyp ketkender boldy. Sodan andu qoydy. Óz kózimmen kórdim 15 balasy bar bir әulet 15-in birdey jerge berip, eri men әieli ghana tiri qaldy. Osy kisilerding sondaghy zarlaghany әli kýni qúlaghymnan ketpeydi.
Qashqandardyng ózi malyn qorasyna baylap, otyn jaghyp qoyyp, eshkimge bildirmey aily týnde soqa bastaryn alyp, ketip jatty.
- Qashqan adamdar qayda baryp panalady eken. Tughan jerine qaytyp barghandary boldy ma?
- Bolghanda qanday. Jogharydaghy adamdar anda-múnda jan saqtap jýrip, jiyrma jyldan keyin 1972 jyly Orda audany «Bókey Orda» bolyp qayta ashylghanda elge barypty. Rahmetolla Egizbaev deytin audannyng birinshi hatshysy boldy. Búryn Jәnibek audanynda birinshi hatshy bolghan eken. Janadan ashylghan audangha súranyp kelip, kýlli Qazaqstan jerine shashylyp ketken ordalyqtardy jinady.
Tughan jerding qúdireti bólek-au, sonau Óskemende, Taldyqorghan jaqta mansapty júmys istep jýrgen bókeylikter bәrin tastap kóship kelip, qara júmys istep-aq kýnderin kórdi.

QARA HALYQ AQ QANDY
Kýn kirpigin qaqqanda taqyr Dala kóringen,
Qalagha da sol Taqyr qorqynyshty ólimnen.
Qasqyr da joq ol jaqta,
Arqar da joq - qúryghan.
Tek,
Itteri miyaulap,
Mysyqtary úlyghan.
Jer tósine sol jaqta Atom syna qaqqan-dy,
Mekendeytin halqy da qara halyq aq qandy,
Jaratqangha sengendey, ózderi tym anghal-aq,
Mal baqqan bop jýredi manday teri sorghalap.
Ómir kóshi - bayaghy ótken jyldar túsynda,
Songhy arshanyng qany bar semser - sәske
úshynda...
Endi ol jaqqa beykýnә qús ta qanat qaqpaghan,
Al, әuede sózder kóp birin-biri maqtaghan.
Kýn kirpigin japqanda, kýbirleydi sol Dala
Ne deydi eken, bilsender aitsandarshy,
joldar-au!..

Tynyshtyqbek ÁBDIKÁKIMÚLY

«Namys.kz» jurnalynan alyndy.
Jurnal 10 myng taralymmen Astana qalasynda jaryq kórdi. Baghyty  aghartushylyq. Aqyldastar alqasynyng tóraghasy  Bekbolat Tileuhan. Bas redaktory   Beken Qayratúly.