MONGhOLIYa QAZAQTARYNYNG ÁDEBIYETI JÁNE QÚRMANHAN MÚHAMÁDIYÚLY
Mongholiya qazaqtarynyng jazba әdebiyetining negizin qalaushylardyng biri, qogham qayratkeri, jazushy – dramaturg, audarmashy til bilimining bilgiri Qúrmanhan Múhamәdiyúly Qytaydyng Altay ólkesinde 1924 jyly dýniyege kelgen.
Qúrmanhan Abaq kerey taypasynyng Molqy ruynyng Mashan bútaghynan taraghan Múqamәdiyding jan degende jalghyz úly bolsa kerek. Qúrmanqannyng eseng jyldary Mongholiyada Halyq tónrerisi ornaghanan keyin, janasha ókimetting órkendeu kezimen túspa tús keledi. Jana ýkimetting sayasatyna say auyldyq mektepte oqyp, sauatyn ashty. Jastayynan qaghilez, qúima qúlaq bala , auyl arasyndaghy aqsaqaldardyng әngimelerin, auyz әdebiyetin qúnygha tyndap, ózide oidan qúrastyryp, óleng jazatyn bolady.
Surette: Qúrmanhan Múhamәdiyúly ata-anasy: әkesi Múhamәdi, sheshesi Ojyghay.
Auyldyq mektepte hat tanysymen, zerek alghyrlyghymen kózge týsip 1942 jyly Mongholiyanyng batysyn ónirining ortalyghy Qobda aimaghyndaghy múghalimder dayarlaytyn jedel kursty bitirip, ústaz, mektep diyrektory qyzmetterin atqarady. Osy kezde Qytaymen Mongholiyanyng arasynda talas tartys ushyghyp, Kenes odaghyndaghy zúlmattardyng sharpuy Mongholiyada sharpyp túrghan kez edi. Ýkimetkede alghyr, taza niyetti, otanyna adal, el basqaratyn, azamattar auaday qajet bolghan kezde Qúrmanhandy ishki ister organyna qyzmetke tartady. Sol kezdegi Úly derjavalardyng sasattaghy qúityrqy әreketterining kórinisi bolghan shyghys Týrkistan memleketin qúru nauqanyna qatysyp, partizandar otryadyn basqarady. Ishki syrtyqy jaudan elin qorghau jolynda Qúrmash talant, jigeri arqyly kózge týsedi. Onyng erekshe qәbilettiligin bayqaghan ýkimet adamdary 1948 jyly Moskvagha qyzyl chekister mektebine oqugha jiberedi. Chekister mektebinde til ýirenu qabletining ereksheligining arqasynda, orys tilin tez mengerip, orys jazushylarynyng enbegimen keninen tanysady. Kurstastary arasynda ozyq shyghyp A. Fadeevting «Jas gvardiya» romanyndaghy jastardyng patriottyq sana sezimin, zerdelep bayandama jasaydy.
Mektebin bitirgen song ishki ister salasynda basshylyq qyzmetter atqarady. Qazaq jaqsy kórip erkeletken azamtaryn ózgeshe ataydy. Osy saltpen el júrty Qúrmanhandy «Qúrmash» dep atapty. Mende aghany qúrmettep, sol erkeletken atymen ataudy jón kórdim. Qúrmash nebәri otyzgha jeter jetpes jasynda aimaq tizginin ústap Aymaqtyq partiya komiytetining birinshi hatshysy, aimaqtyng әkimi qyzmetterin atqarady. MHR Halyq Úly Huralynyng deputatyna ýsh mәrte saylanady. Jogharghy qyzmet atqara jýrip shygharmashylyqpen ainalysa bastaydy. Dәreje, ataq jýrgen jerde aitys, tartys birge jýretining tabighat zandylyghy bolsa kerek. Qúrmashta osy tartystan shet qalmady. Baqtalas, qarsylastary, rushyldar ayaqtan shaldy. Ayqasty. Jene jýrip, jenilgen kezderide boldy. Jaratylysynan shygharmashylyqqa beyim bolghandyqtan, aitys tartystan shet jýrip, shygharmashylyq pen ainalysudy kóksedi. Oghanda jol ashyldy. Kenes odaghynda 1928- 31 jyldary jýrgizilgen újymdastyru ( kolhozdastyru) sayasy nauhan , Mongholiyada 1955 jyldary malshy halyqty birlestikke úiymdastyru nauhany retinde bastalady. Qúrmash aimaq basqaryp otyrghan jogharghy lauazymyn, kóksep jýrgenderge óz qolymen tabystap, birlestik basshylaryn dayyndaytyn kurske attanady. Ol osy kezden bastap, aitys tartys, auqymdy júmystyng azabynan, sәlde bolsa ajyryp shygharmashylyqpen ainalysugha bel buady. Kursti bitirip joldama alyp Bay- Ólkedegi kókónis ósiretin, eng shúrayly jer sanalatyn Bay-kól (Bayan- nuur) elinde «Gýl» ( Sesegt) birlestigin ornatugha barady. Birlestikti oidaghyday ornatyp, joldama merzimi bitisimen aimaq ortalyghyndaghy Baspa óndirisine bastyq bolady. Qúrmashtyng shygharmashylyqpen naqty ainalysuy osy kezden bastaldy dese jón.
Surette: Jazushy Qúrmanhan Múhamәdiyúlynyng shygharmalary
Memlekttik júmystan bosay sala óndire jazdy, artynda órnegi әsem, sózi sazdy, shygharmalary dýniyege әkeldi. Solardyng birnesheuin atasaq: - «Qys», «Oktyabri toyyna» ólenderi, «Jút alama,júrt alama?», «Alghashqy qadam», «Sәt sapar» ocherk әngimeleri, «Bóken jarghaq» poemasy, «Kezeng ýstinde», «Jasyl dón», «Túlbakól shayqasy» dramalary, «Qargha qarghanyng kózin shúqymaydy» , «Altybaqan» librettosy jәne Mongholiyanyng klassik jazushylarynyng shygharmalaryn audaryp halqyna tartu etti. Ol, monghol tilin sheber mengergen, monghol halqynyn әdebiy tilinin qyr syryn asha bilgen, qalamger. Olay deuding negizi Mongholdyng asa talanty aqyn – jazushysy D. Nasagdorjynyng «Ghashyqtar» jayynda jazghan operasyn audarghanda, әriptester arasynda talas tuady. Monghol tilining qyr-syryn bilmeytin, synar jaqtar búl dramany, sózbe, sóz «Sebepti ýsh bas» dep audaryp bolmapty. Shynyndada Monghol tilindegi «Uchirtay gurvan tolgoy» degen, sóilem osylay sózdik túrghydan audarylatyny shyndyq. Maghynalyq, mәndik túrghydan mýlde basqa edi. Dramany múqiyat oqyp, týsingen Qúrmash jazushynyng klassikalyq túrghydan qarap, dramanyng aitpaq syryn úqqan song «Júmbaq tóbeler» dep audarghan eken. Osy jayynda biraz tarih estigenim, men paqyrdyng esimde tam-túm qalghan eken. Qúrmanhan marqúmnyng mening esimde taghy bir esten ketpes este qalary Qúrmanhan audarghan Monghol jazushysy Ch. Lodoydambanyng «Túnyq tamiyr» (Tungalag tamiyr) romanyn oqyghanym edi. Roman óte qyzyqty, tartymdy, dala batyrlarynyng erligi suretelgen, kórkem shygharma bolsada, shyn siyaqty sezilip túratyn edi. Pushkinning «Duvrovskiy» - tәrizdes.. «Túnyq tamiyr» eki kitaptan túrady. Birinshi kitabyn marqúm audaryp ýlgerse, ekinshisin audaryp ýlgere almay ketti. Kitaptyng qyzyqtysy sonshalyqty, audarylmay qalghan ekinshi kitabyn, mongholsha sózdikke qarap otyryp oqyp shyqqanym esimnen ketpeydi. Ol kezde kitap hanadan kitapty ýige bermeytindik ten, sabaqtan song qalyp túryp oqyp edim. Monghol halqyna úran bolyp, besiktegiden, beli býkireygen kәrisine deyin jatqa biletin,
D. Nasagdorjynyng «Mening elim» tolghauyn naqyshyna keltire audarghany әli mәnin joghaltqan joq. Qalamger bolmasaqta, qalam ústap jýrgenimiz shyn. Biraq, mongholdyng el jer, últtyq ruh turaly mәn, maghynaly tolghaulary kóp. Sol tolghaulardan dәl Qúrmanhanday « Mening elim » siyaqty sheber audarghandy әzirge kórmedim. Bar shyghar, biraq elge jaylghany әzirge joq. Qúrmanhan monghol, qazaq tilinde ghana audarma jasamaghan. Ol orys aqyny
A. Kardashovanyng «Kishkentay Rob» poemasyn jәne shaghyn әngimelerin qazaqshalaghan orys tildi audarmashy.
Qúrmanhan Múqamәdiyúly mongholiya qazaqtarynyng jazba әdebiyetining negizin qalady. Qúrmanhan Mongholiya ghana emes, Qazaqstanaghada tanylghan, aitysker aqyn Babiyúly Aqtanmen birge, mongholiya qazaqtarynyng auyz әdebiyetin qaghaz betine týsirudi qolgha alghan birden bir túlgha. Eki tuma talan tize qosa otyryp, mongholiya qazaqtarynyng auyz әdebiyettin, Aqtannyng kóptegen, ólen, poemalaryn Qúrmanhan qaghazgha týsirip, tasqa tanbalap bergen. Aqtan aghasy suryp salyp ólendete berse, onysyn Qúrmanhan qaghaz betine týsirip otyrghan. Aqtan jayly naqtylasaq: - 1960 jyldary Mongholiyanyng Bay- ólke aimaghyna Sәbit Múqanov alghash barghanda « Sen Aqtansynba, múrtynnan tanydym» - deytin Aqtan dýldil osy .
Surette onnan solgha qaray: Babiyúly Aqtan, Qúrmanhan Múhamәdiyúly, Mahfuz Qúlybekúly.
Biraq qos talant, qosylyp qanattaryn samghay almapty. Qúrmash 1964 jyly naghyz kemel shaghy endi bastalghan, qamal alar 40 jasynda dýniyeden ótip ketti. Ómirden erte ozghan asyl inisin Aqtan aqyn bylay joqtaghan eken.
Ua, qaraghym Qúrmashym.
Aqyldasym syrlasym.
Qalaulysy halyqtyn
Mynmen teng bir basyn
Azamatym symbatym
Týspeytin qolgha qymbatym
Ary biyik asylym...
Qúrmanhan jayly el auzynda jaqsy qyrynan aitylghan oi, pikirdi termelese jeterlik.
Qúrmash aghamyz Biyjәmila Baydoldaqyzymen túrmys qúryp, 9 bala dýniyege әkeledi. Biraq, Biyjәmila jastay jesir qalyp, 9 balany ózi asyrap jetkizedi. Biyjәmila apay menin, yaghni, osy joldardyng avtory oqyghan mektepte diyrektor boldy. Biz Bijkeng apay deushi edik. Balargha ylghy «qargham, qaraghym» dep sóileytin. Ýlken úly Baman әke jolyn quyp әdebiyetshi boldy. Mongholiyada Uniyversiytet bitirdi. 1993 jyly ata júrtyna qonys audardy. Sol kezdegi Kókshetau oblystyq teledidarynda jurnalist qyzmet atqardy. Tughan elinde «Qyran taghdyry», «Kiyeli bastau» povesterin jazdy. Kóptegen ólenderi jaryq kórdi. Ákesi audaryp ýlgermey ketken jogharyda aitylghan Ch. Lodaydambanyn «Túnyq tamiyr» kitabynyng ekinshisin audaryp, qazaq júrtyna tartu etti. Ata júrtyna kelgen song «Úly kósh» tarihy romanyn jazdy. Biraq, qysqa ghúmyr romandy ayaqtaugha jetkizbedi. Orny bar, onalar degen, atasy, әkesining jolyn quyp shygharmashylyqpen ainalysyp jýrgen Almagýl, Júraghat esimdi úl qyzdary artynda ósip keledi...
Jazushynyng Zoya degen qyzy, iskerlik qabiletimen elge tanylyp, әkesining mol múrasyn jinastyryp, elge tanytyp, mereytoylaryn ótkizuge at salysyp , el yqylasyna bólenip jýr...
Surette: Qúrmanhan Múhamәdiyúlynyng otbasy
Mongholiya qazaqtarynyng últtyq jazba әdebiyetining negizin qalaghan Qúrmash aghamyz tiri bolsa toqsannyng tórine shyghar edi. Biraq, ol joq. Ghalymmen, jazushynyng haty ólmeydi. Haty ólmegenning múrasy ólmeydi.... óitkeni ómirde izi bar.. Jazushynyng 90 jyldyq merey toyy tughan elinde jәne ata júrty qazaq elinde keninen atap ótilude. Sәuir aiynyng ayaghynda Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng qauymdastyghynda «Qazaqtyng talantty úly, jazushy - dramaturg Qúrmanhan Múqamәdiyúly» atty is shara ótti. Sharada qogham qayratkeri, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory, professor Zardyhan Qinayat, basqaru jәne әkimshilik ghylymdarynyn doktory, professor Habsatar Omar, filologiya ghylymdarynyng kanditaty, jurnalist Esengýl Kәpqyzy jazushynyng ómirinen bayandama jasap, jazushyny biletin el aghalary estelikter aityp, syr shertti.
Surette: Dýniyejýzi qazaqtarynyng qauymdastyghynda Qúrmanhan Múhamәdiyúlynyng tughanyna 90 jyldyq mereytoyyna qatysqan qonaqtar
Jazushynyng 90 jyldyq mereytoyyna kelgen úrpaqtary
Dahan Shókshiyr
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