"Qazaqtyng óz jamaghatyn qúruymyz kerek"
Diny basqarmanyng erejesine kanondyq jauapkershilik degen qaghidany engizbesek, ishimizge týrli jamaghattyng ókilderi kirip alyp, eldik mýddeni talan-tarajgha týsiredi. Eng ýlken qorqynyshty jaghday – jamaghatqa kirip ketkenderding negizgi deni ózimizding qara kóz qazaqtarymyz. Olardy jamaghatqa kirip ketting dep jazalaugha zandyq tetik joq. Sol ýshin jamaghattardyng syrtqy baylanysyn qauipsizdigimiz ýshin ýzu kerekpiz.
Týrkiyadaghy songhy jaghdaylar әlem nazaryn ózine audaryp otyrghany mәlim. Qaq jarylghan ala pikirli toptyng kóksegeni ne? Diny aghymnyng kósemi tútas últtyng sayasatyna nege aralasty? Jalpy Týrkiyadaghy býgingi ahual qanday? Anadolylyq bauyrlarymyz betpe-bet kelgen mәselemen bizding dóp kelmeuimiz ýshin ne istemek kerek? Mine osy jәne ózge de saualdar tónireginde Núrbek Bekbau men belgili islam zertteushisi, ghalym, "E-islam" saytynyng menshikti sarapshysy Múhan Isahan arasynda órbigen keleli súqbat oqyrman, Sizderge jol tartyp otyr. Oqy otyrynyz...
- Týrkiya dese, qazir Ýkimet basshysy Erdoghan men diny aghymnyng kósemi Gýlenning taytalasy kóz aldymyzgha keletin bolghan. Nege búlay? Diny aghym biylikpen taytalasatynday kýshke qaydan, qalay ie boldy? Búl teke-tireske ne sebep boldy ózi?
- Týrkiyadaghy qazirgi ushyqqan mәsele - bas uәzir nemese Ádilet jәne damu partiyasynyng tóraghasy Tayyp Erdoghanmen Týrkiyadaghy «Zaman» qoghamynyng basshysy, qazir Amerikada túryp jatqan Fetullah Gýlenning arasyndaghy qarama-qayshylyq dep ashyq aitugha bolady. Búl qarama-qayshylyq neden tuyndady? Osy kýnge deyin, sayasatkerlerding kóbisi Fetullah Gýlen men Erdoghannyng ymy-jymy bir, sayasy mýddesi, diny diti bir dep keldi. Bir kýnning ishinde ekeuining arasy nildey búzyldy. Ne sebep? Ony Tayyp Erdoghannyng 2003 jyly biylikke keluinen bastau kerekpiz. Tayyp Erdoghan biylikke kelgen kezde, Týrkiyadaghy iri-iri jamaghattardyng barlyghy, jalpy «Ádilet jәne damu partiyasynyn» baghyty islamdyq sipatta bolghandyqtan, oghan jappay dauys berdi. Onyng biylikke keluine mýddeli boldy. Biraq Erdoghan biylikke kelgennen keyin, eskiden Osman dәuirinen bar biyat dәstýrdi janghyrtpaq boldy. Osman biyligi túsynda sayasy basshy halyqqa ózining sayasy ýstemdigin әrqashan berik ústau ýshin, sheyhtardyng yqpalyn paydalanghan. Al, sheyhtardyng qarauyndaghy tariqattar ózderining qarjylyq qajettilikterin padishahtardan alyp otyrghan. Tarihy derekkózderge kóz jýgirtsek, kez-kelgen tariqattyng tekkesining qasynda belgili bir auyl sharuashylyghyna qatysty egistik alqaptary nemese diyirmen sekildi óndiris qúraldary bolghan. Padishahtardyng pәrmenimen egistik alqabynyng úshyr salyghy memleketting qazynasyna emes, tariqatqa berilip kelgen. Yaghni, biyleushi sheyhtardyng auzyn alu ýshin onyng tariqatyna uahftyq jer bólip bólip beredi nemese diyirmen túrghyzyp, sol diyirmennen alynatyn pay tariqatqa beriletin bolghan. Tariqat basshysy atalmysh óndiristen týsken qarjygha mýridterining shәkirt aqy, olardyng iship-jemi, kiyimi ózderining basqa da qajettiligin óteytin bolghan. Esesine sheyh patsha qandayda bir bastama kótersin, múny halyqqa dúrys dep jetkizetin bolghan. Bylaysha aitqanda padishah pen sheyhtyng arasynda jasyryn spekulyativti kelisim jýretin. Búl tәjiriybeni biz tól tarihymyzdan da kóruimizge bolady. Ataqty Ámir-Temir Qúl Qoja Ahmet Yasauy tarihatynyng asitanasyn túrghyzyp, ony qarjymen qamdau ýshin Qarataudan aghatyn jeti ózenning saghasyn tariqatqa uaqftyq mýlik retinde bergen. Osy eskiden kelgen dәstýrdi óz biyligin nyghaytu ýshin Erdoghan jandandyrmaq boldy. Týrkiyadaghy býkil diny jamaghattardy ózining sayasy mýddesine paydalanudy oilady. Tayyp Erdoghannyng osy bir avtoritarlyq qadamyna qarsy bolghan diny jamaghattardyng biri Fetullah Gýlenning «Zaman» qoghamy bolatyn. IYә, diny kósem men sayasy basshynyng arasyndaghy qarama-qayshylyq 2004 jyldan bastaldy desek bolady. Tayyp Erdoghan Gýlenshiler Týrkiyadaghy ýlken jamaghat bolghandyqtan, olardyng kónilinen shyghugha tyrysty. Bilesizder, syrttay sottalghan Fettulah Gýlendi 2006 jyly Týkriyanyng soty aqtap aldy. Degenmen Erdoghan, bәribir jamaghatty óz uysynda ústay almady. Soghan shamdanghan Premier Týrkiyadaghy Zaman qoghamynyng mektepterin jappaq boldy. Fethullah Gýlen de onay shaghylatyn janghaq emes, onaylyqpen iylige qoymady. Sebebi, Týrkiyada songhy 2-3 jylda Erdoghannyng da búrynghy baghyty birshama ózgeriske úshyrady. Ótken jyldyng 17-shi jeltoqsanynda Tayyp ýkimetining keybir ministrleri, onyng ishinde bas uәzirding balasy da bar, telefondaghy jemqorlyqqa qatysty әngimesi jariyalandy.
- Osy arada sózinizdi bólsem. Ministr degenimiz el ýshin strategiyalyq manyzy bar túlgha. Osynday el ýshin manyzdy adamdardyng telefondaghy әngimesin Zaman qoghamy qalay tyndap jýr? Búl aqparatqa olar qalay qol jetkizdi? Óz adamdaryn kýshtik qúrylymdargha qoyyp tastaghan ba?
- Olay dep, kesip aita almaymyz. Birinshi qauip sayasatkerler túrghysynan aityldy. Búl jamaghat bireuding telefondaghy sóileskenin tyndaytynday ózining gharyshta jekemenshik sputniygi joq. Onda qalay tyndaydy? Demek, Amerika siyaqty kýshter Tayyp Erdoghan jәne qarmaghyndaghy ministrlerding baldarynyng jasaghan qylmystaryn, aqparattaryn, argument, dәlel retinde jamaghatqa tәn BAQ-gha berdi. Osydan keyin jamaghat syrtqy sayasy kýshterge júmys jasaydy degen pikir tarady. Jәne Fettullah Gýlenning ózi Amerika Qúrama Shtattarynda, Aq ýiding qoltyghyndaghy Pensilivaniyada túryp jatqasyn múnday kýdikting shyghuy zandy. Jalpy, búl mәsele boyynsha Týriyadaghy sayasatkerlermen sóilesip kórdim. Olardyng aituynsha últtyq qauipsizdik mekemeleri telefondy tyndau ýshin prokurordan resmy tyndaugha rúqsat alghan. Búl jerde eshqanday syrtqy kýshterding qatysy joq dep otyr. Áriyne, aqiqatyn bir Alla biledi. Degenmen Týrki hәm Islam әleminde qaryshtap damyp kele jatqan el - Týrkiya edi. Sayasiy-әleumettik jaghynan da, әskery kýsh-quaty jóninen kóp elden kósh ilgeri-tin. Meninshe Týrkiyadaghy daghdarystyng syry basqada siyaqty.Týrkiyadaghy 70-80 jyl ghúmyr sýrgen zayyrlylyq jýie ózin-ózi aqtamady. Qazir Tayyp Erdoghandy Fettullah Gýlenning jamaghaty әr qyrynan qaralap jatyr. Tayypty Siriyada soghystyng bastaluyna da mýddeli etip qoydy. Iran yadrolyq baghdarlamasy ýshin, Europanyng sanksiyasyna úshyrauyna baylanysty Týrkiyanyng territoriyasyn paydalanyp ýlken kólemde shetke jasyryn aqsha shygharyp jatyr-mys. Songhy aqparattarda 340 milliard dolaryn Týkriya arqyly shygharghan. Osy shygharghan aqshada Tayyp Erdoghannyng ýlesi bar-mys. Qysqasy Tayyp Erdoghan shighalyq mýddeni jaqtaushy degen qaralau jýrip jatyr. Áriyne men oghan senbeymin. Sebebi – Tayyp Erdoghan Bashar Asadtyng biyligine qarsy. Nege qarsy? Týrkiyada da alauittter ýlken problema tudyryp kele jatyr. Toqsanynshy jyldardyng basynda Týrkiyada alauitterding jәne sunniylerding órti tútanyp kete jazdaghan. Ol alauitterding artynda Iran men Siriya túr dep ashyq aitugha bolady. Yaghni, Tayyp Erdoghan Irannyng jemtigine ainaldy degenge senu qiyn. Jaraydy, Fettullah Gýlen Tayyp Erdoghangha qarsy. Óitkeni, Tayyp ashyq avtoritarlyq qadam jasauda . Biraq, keshegi saylauda Zaman jamaghaty eskiden dinge qarsy bolyp kelgen sosial-demokrattargha dauys berdi. Fethullah Gýlen sosial-demokrattar sayasy nauqanda Tayypqa tegeurindi qarsylyq kórestkendikten, óz jamaghatyn osy partiyany qoldaugha ýgittedi. Búl jamaghattyng sayasilana bastaghanynyng kórsetkishi. Teginde, diny jamaghattar tek din ayasynda júmys jasasa iygi. Sayasatqa aralasuy әlbette әbestik. Búdan sabaq almasaq, 20-30 jylda búl jaghday bizde de qaytalanuy bek mýmkin. Qazaqstandaghy músylmandar da shóre-shóre bolyp diny aghymdargha bólinip aldy. Eger Týrkiyadaghy jaghdaydan sabaq almasaq, ertenimiz búlynghyr.
- Din men memleketting qarym-qatynasyn bir jolgha qoyghan, din salasynda elikteuge túrarlyq qaysy el bar,-dese kóp sarapshylarymyz kýni býginge deyin Týrkiyany núsqaydy. Alayda, siz Týrkiyadaghy diny kenistik bir kelki emes. Mәselesi bastan asady dep otyrsyz. Týrik mandayyn soqqan mәseleni, biz ainalyp ótuimiz ýshin, ne isteu kerek?
- Memleket pen dinning qarym-qatynasyn zerttep jýrgen maman retinde men de búryn Týrkiyadaghy zayyrlylyqty bir uaqyttary qoldaytynmyn. Sebebi Týrkiya zayyrlylyqtyng ózindik modeliin qalyptastyrghan. Batystyng klassikalyq zayyrlyghyna úqsamaydy. Diny ister jónindegi arnayy ministrligi bar. Býkil imamdar memleketting budjetinen jalaqy alady. Týrkiyada Islam dini memlekettik túrghyda qorghalady. Búl klassikalyq zayyrlylyq túrghysynan alyp qarasan, mýldem sekulirizasiyagha qarama-qayshy dýniye. Biraq Týrkiya zayyrly memleketpin dep konstitusiyasyna qúqyqtyq norma bekite otyryp, osy Islamnyng da órkendeuine mýmkindik jasap otyr. Soghan qarap, men Týrkiyanyng zayyrlylyq modelin dúrys kóretinmin. Biraq búl zayyrlylyq ta qazir ózining jetilmegenin aiqyndap berdi. Týrkiyanyng zayyrlyghy dinge qoldau kórsetimen dep, jamaghattardyng erkin júmys jasauyna mýmkindik tudyrdy. Tiym salu, shekteuden góri, rúqsat beru jaghy kenirek qarastyryldy. Kez-kelgen jamaghattyng adamy – memleket basshysynyng emes, birinshi ózining sheyhyn, ózining pirin tyndaydy. Piri ne aitty sonymen jýrip túrady. Búl qauipti qúbylys. Ruhany birtútastyqty ghana emes, memleketti bólshektep tastaytynday dýniye. Týrkiyanyng eng ýlken qateligi – Islam dinin qoldaymyn dep, jamaghattardyng da erkin, alshan-alshang basyp әreket jasauyna rúqsat berip qoydy. Sonyng saldarynan Týrkiyadaghy halyq jamaghat-jamaghat bólshektenip ketti. Osynyng saldarynan endi tayaq jep jatyr. Áldenip alghan, kýsheyip alghan diny jamaghattar sayasy biylikke de ózderining yqpalyn ótkizgisi keledi. Qazirgi Fetullah Gýlen men Tayyp Erdoghannyng arasyndaghy teke tires osydan tuyndap otyr.
- Sonau alystaghy arab elderining ózi bizding diny kenistikke әser etip otyr ghoy. Týrli diny aghymdaryn jiberip. Olargha qarjylay kómektesip, kitabyn jetkizip degendey. Sol sekildi, týbimizde túrghan týrikterding diny jamaghattary qaptap kelip jatyr. Týrikting tuysqan ekeni ras. Biraq olardyng jamaghattarynyng ekspansiyasynan qazaqty qalay saqtaugha bolady?
- Búl turaly Parlamentke jazghan, Mýftiyatqa jazghan konsepsiyalarymyzda aitqanbyz. Mynau katoliktik hristiandyqta «kanondyq jauapkershilik» degen qaghida bar. Álemdik tәjiriybening iygi týstaryn úiymdastyruda, basqaruda paydalanumyzgha bolady. Kanondyq jauapkershilik degenimiz ne? Katoliktik jýiede, shirkeude júmys jasaytyn diny qyzmetker eshqanday da bir aghymnyn, sektanyng mýshesi bola almaydy. Qazaqstannyng Diny basqarmagha qarasty 2300 den astam meshitinde júmys jasaytyn meshit qyzmetkerleri eshqanday da jamaghattyng mýshesi bolmauy kerek. Janaghy biz aityp otyrghan Týrkiyadan kelgen Fethulahshylar, Sýleymenshylar, Topbasshylar, Yqylasshylar, Nahyshbandiya, Saud Arabiyasynan kelip jatqan sururiyshilder, madhalitter, Mysyr men Livannan kelip jatqan Ihuanshyldar, Habashitter, Pәkistannan kelip jatqan Tabligh jamaghatynyng ókilderining bizding mýftiyattyng jýiesinde júmys isteuine qatang tiym salu kerek. Eger, oghan jol bersek, Diny basqarmanyng mýmkindigin paydalana otyryp, ózining jamaghatyna júmys jasaydy. Men sizge bir mysal aitayyn, Batystaghy oblystarynyng birinde, 10 jyldan astam Týrkiyadan kelgen bir diny aghymnyng mýshesi oblys imamy bolyp otyrdy. Býkil oblystaghy dinge janashyr adamdardyng bergen qayyr-sadaqasyn óz jamaghatynyng iygiligine paydalanghan. Yaghni, Diny basqarmanyng erejesine kanondyq jauapkershilik degen qaghidany engizbesek, ishimizge týrli jamaghattyng ókilderi kirip alyp, eldik mýddeni talan-tarajgha týsiredi. Eng ýlken qorqynyshty jaghday – jamaghatqa kirip ketkenderding negizgi deni ózimizding qara kóz qazaqtarymyz. Olardy jamaghatqa kirip ketting dep jazalaugha zandyq tetik joq. Sol ýshin jamaghattardyng syrtqy baylanysyn qauipsizdigimiz ýshin ýzu kerekpiz. Esesine, qazaqtyng óz jamaghatyn qúruymyz kerek. Yaghni, Diny basqarmagha qarasty meshitterde diny aghymdardyng ókilderining júmys jasauyna tiym salu arqyly mýftiyattyng óz jamaghatyn qalyptastyruymyz qajet. Sonda qazaqtyng ruhany birtútastyghyn saqtay alamyz. Bizding jamaghatshyldyqqa qarsy birinshi qadamymyz osy boluy kerek.
- Songhy súraq bolsyn. Gýlen jamaghatyn sóz ettik qoy. Elimizding әr oblysynda ashylghan qazaq-týrik liyseylerinde úmytpau kerek siyaqty. Sebebi búl oqu ordalarynyng payda boluyna tikeley Fettulah Gýlenning qatysy bar. Osydan birer apta búryn ghana, Erdoghan týrik liyseyleri bar býkil elge, búl mektepterdi japsanyzdar dep hat joldady. Biz ne isteuimiz kerek?
- Sizge taghy bir әlemdik tәjiriybeden mysal bereyin. Týrkimenstan basshysy Berdimúhamedovke 2011 jyly qauipsizdikting ókilderi 35 jasqa deyingi memlekettik qyzmetkerlerding tizimin alyp kelgen. Sol tizimning 50 payyzynan astam týrik liyseylerining týlekteri eken. «Búl - Tәuelsizdikten keyingi 20 jylda týrik liyseyleri osynday basymdyqqa ie boldy. Endi taghy 20 jyldan keyin biylikke qanday tolqyn kelgeli otyr? Osyny oiladyng ba?» degen eskertu edi. Berdimúhammedov týrik liyseylerin jappaghanmen, mektepterde isteytin týrik azamattaryn eline qaytardy da, oqu ordalaryn memleketting balansyna aldy. Jәne qadaghaudy kýsheytti. Ol jerde belgili bir jamaghattargha tәn diny qúndylyqtardyng nasihattaluyna tiym salyndy. Bizge de, qazir Týrkimenstannan ýlgi alu kerek siyaqty. Islamdaghy әdeptilik t.b qúndylyqtar qay kezde de kerek. Biraq búl әdeptiliktin, qúndylyqtardyng artynda diny kýshterdin, sayasy oiyndardyng túrghanyn biz qalamaymyz. Diny jamaghat – dinmen ghana shúghyldanuy kerek. Sayasatqa aralaspasyn. Týrkimenstandaghy jaghdaydyng bizding basymyzda da bar ekenin eskersek, Qazaqstan basshylyghyna da batyl qadamdargha baru kerek dep oilaymyn.
IYә, Týrkiya Respublikasynyng syrty ister ministrligi Qazaqstandaghy týrik liyseylerin jabu jóninde nota týsirdi. Jalghyz Qazaqstangha emes, býkil әlemde Fettulah Gýlenning tikeley sebepkerligimen ashylghan mektepter júmys jasaytyn elderge nota jariyalandy. Qazaqstannyng Bilim ministrligi «Búl mektep qyzmetkerlerining 85 payyzdan astamy Qazaqstan azamattary. Sondyqtan búl mektepterdi jabu-jappaudy ózimiz sheshemiz» degendi aitty. Degenmen, Qúday saqtansang saqtaymyn degen. Saqtyqty kýsheytu kerek. Berdimúhamedovting erligin bizding de biylik jasap jatsa, qúba-qúp kórem.
- Ángimenizge rahmet!
Arnayy "E-islam.kz" ýshin Núrbek Bekbau