Elbasy N.Á.Nazarbaev ózining «Tarih tolqynynda» atty enbeginde: «Eger biz memleket bolghymyz kelse, ózimizding memlekettiligimizdi úzaq uaqytqa menzep qúrghymyz kelse, onda halyq ruhaniyatynyng bastaularyn týsingenimiz jón. Oghan barar jol halyq danalyghynyng negizinde jatyr», degen edi. Al «Qazaqstan joly – 2050: bir maqsat, bir mýdde, bir bolashaq» atty Qazaqstan halqyna Joldauynda ejelgi ata-babalarymyz – týrkilerding Mәngilik El iydeyasyn Qazaq elining últtyq iydeyasy dep jariyalaghan bolatyn. Atalghan iydeya «Núrly Jol – bolashaqqa bastar jol» jana Joldauynda da jana qyrynan tolyqtyryla týsti.

Búl iydeyany ýlken jauapkershilikpen dereu iske asyrudyng týpqazyghy otandastarymyzdyng boyyndaghy adamgershilik, tughan elge sýiispenshiligi desek, obektivti tújyrym bolar dep oilaymyn.

Qay zamanda da әr adamnyng sanasyndaghy asa mazmúndy jәne qúrmetti mәrtebege ie ústanym – ol otansýigishtik (patriottyq) sezim (is-әreket) bolyp kelgeni aqiqat. Búl turaly әlemdik jәne tól tarihymyzdyng әr betinen negizdi derek tabylady. Elimizding tәuelsizdigining alghashqy kýninen bastap Elbasy osy mәseleni túraqty kóterip keledi. Al patriot bolu degen el azamatynyng adamgershilik jәne sayasy qaghidaty, tughan jerge, elge sýiispenshiligi, qajet bolsa, memlekettik mindetkerlikti jeke mýddeden joghary qoidy talap etetin әleumettik sezimi retinde tanylghan. Tughan elining qúndylyqtaryn, әsirese, tili men mәdeniyetin әrdayym qúrmetpen joghary ústap, ol qúndylyqtardy basqa últtar men úlystargha, memleketterge taratu da otansýigishtikting belgisi. Otansýigishtikting tarihy negizin ghasyrlar boyy jinaqtalghan adamy tәjiriybe sonyng ishinde últ, úlys, jalpy etnostyng artyqshylyqtary qalaytynyn, qajet bolsa, janyn salyp otandy qorghau ekenin kóne tarih dәleldeude.

Patriottyq ústanym ol jeke túlghanyng otanyna, azamattylyghyna, mәdeniyeti men tiline, últtyq dәstýrine emosiyalyq kýizelisining airyqsha týri dep anyqtaugha tolyq keledi. Álemdik tәjiriybe men búl oraydaghy teoriyalyq tújyrymdar ayasynda patriottyq sezim etnos pen últtyq memleketting qalyptasu jaghdayynda qoghamdyq sananyng manyzdy qúramdas bóligine ainaluy negizinde jalpyúlttyq tynysty sipattaydy. Álemge tanylghan ghylymy mektepterding sayasiy-zertteushilik tújyrymdary boyynsha adamzat tarihynda patriottyq ústanym birneshe týrge jiktelip sipattalghan.

Solardyng birinshi qatarynda polistik patriottyq ústanym – tarihtaghy belgili polistik-qala memleketteri; ekinshi qatarynda iym­periyalyq patriottyq ústanym, yaghny iym­­periyalyq memleket pen onyng biylik jýie­sin qoldap-qorghau;  ýshinshisi – etnostyq pat­riot­tyq ústanym negizinde әdette últ, etnos, ru, ata-tek qúndylyqtaryna әrdayym zor sýiis­pen­shilikpen qarap qorghau; al kelesisi – memle­kettik patriottyq ústanym, yaghny memleket sayasatyn airyqsha jauapkershilikpen qoldau; susyndyq patriottyq sezim (uaqytsha qoldau, kýnkóristik sezim) – halyq pen memleketti jeke basqa paydaly maqsatta qoldau.

Álemdik qúndy qazynalar jinaqtarynda patriot, patriottyq ústanym jóninde jan-jaqty negizdelgen arnayy tújyrymdy anyqtamalar jinaqtalghan. HH ghasyrda jaryq kórgen әdebiyet men ghylymy shygharmalarda patriottyq turaly anyqtama negizine latyndyq, grektik týiinder alynghan. Sóz joq, sol jinaqtardaghy tújyrym týiinderdi negizge alu mindetti, nege deseniz, olar – teniz beti tәrizdes ghasyrlar boyghy shygharmashylar, zertteushiler, adamy ruhaniyatynyng tújyrymdary. Ol qazaqtyng dalasy ispetti. Búl dalada kól de bar, asqaryna kóz jetpes shyng da bar. Yzgharly da shuaqty qoynauynda Mendeleev kestesine engen elementterding basym kópshiligi oryn tapqan Batys Qazaqstan óniri, siraghyn Cyrgha, qúlashyn Altay men Atyraugha sozghan Saryarqasy taghy bar.

Qazaqtyng patriottyq ústanymy әrqaysymyzgha búryn-sondy kórmegen túmsa tabighattay elesteydi. Jana bir әlem, jana bir «ashylmaghan aral» siyaqty tanghaldyrady. Búghan senbeseniz, joghary bayandalghan patriot týrlerin oy eleginen ótkizip, týiinin barlanyz. Sonau bala shaghymyzdan qúlaghymyzgha qúiylyp qalghan tughan jerge, Otangha, últqa degen oiymyzgha, is-qimylymyzgha iyigen sayyn, shygharmashylyq tabighatyna ýnilgen sayyn kýrdeli jәne asa jauapty shyngha ainala beredi. Shynayy patriottyq sezim arqyly boy alatyn ústanym halyq jadyndaghy qúndylyqtarmen dәleldenui tiyis. Búl orayda, ayauly últymyzdyng tarihy iyinderi jәne jarqyn da batyl túlghalary bas keyipkeri bolghany jón. Osy mәseleler aiqyndalmay jatsa, otansýigishting qabaghy týksiyip, buyrqanyp, jan-jaghyn orap nóserley jóneletini aiqyn. Jay nóserlemeydi. Ashy shyndyghyn naqty derek-dәiekke negizdep, mәseleni terennen tolghap nóserleydi. Búl – shynayy patriottyng tabighatyna tәn qasiyet. Sondyqtan da, әr túlgha keyde tughan jerining taularynday asqaq, biyik, sonymen birge, qatuly kórinedi.

Naghyz patriot adam jayshylyqta dos-jarangha ashyq-jarqyn, abaylamay sóileytin anghal minezi keng dalanyng jon arqasyn jibiter jayma-shuaq jazgha úqsaydy. Shynayy patriotshyl túlgha úzaq sapar shegip elinen jyraqtasa, anqasy keuip, saghynyshqa toly jýrekpen tughan topyraghyn iyiskemeyinshe mauqy basylmaytyn siyaqty bolyp kórinedi. Patriottyq sezimdi joghary qoyatyn adam oi-órisi men is-әreketi boyynsha ózin úzaqqa silteytin tarlanday kórinetin bolar dep esepteymin. Sol arqyly ol qoldaytyndardy batyl sheshimge, әdiletting aq jibin attamaugha, shygharmashylyq oimen batyl is-әreketke, aibyndy erlikke jeteleydi.

Múnday qasiyetter dýniyege kelgen kezden ainaladaghy qúbylystardan susyndap qalyptasuy shart. Bala kezden qazaqtyng jyr-dastandarymen susyndap, dalalyq salt-dәstýrding sarqytyn qanyp ishken shygharmashylyq әleminde de ózindik daralyq, kórkemdik irilikti tandap bilu arqyly kelui mýmkin, yaghny otan, últsýigishtik sipatty mengerip, oilau jýiesi qalyptasqan últtyng ósetinin adamzat tarihy anyq dәleldep keledi.

Bizding payymdauymyzsha býgingi kýrdeli tirshiliktegi, 7 milliardtan astam adam mekendegen 220-gha juyq memleketten qúralghan, san-qily hikayaly әlemning qanday da bir etnosy bolmasyn otanyn, elin, jerin sýimeytini joq bolar. Sonyng ishinde qazaq halqy da jalpy shyghys, onyng ishinde týrki tildes halyqtarday Otanyn, jerin, suyn, tabighatyn sýi qasiyeti yqylym zamannan olarmen tabighy tamyrlas damyp keledi. Qazaqstandyq patriotizm men últaralyq tatulyqtyng ótken ómir joly, kórgen-bilgeninen jinaqtalghan jan-jaqty tarazylanghan tәjiriybesi Tәuelsiz Qazaqstan Elbasynyng tarihy enbekterinde obektivti dәleldermen tújyrymdalyp kelgeni barsha otandastargha jәne әlemning kóptegen shetelderine ayan.

Osy orayda, N.Á.Nazarbaevtyng «Qazaq­stan­nyng bolashaghy – qoghamnyng iydeyalyq birli­ginde», «Tarih tolqynynda» atty enbek­terinde memleket, etnostargha ortaq bir maqsat ayasyna toptasudyng kezek kýttirmeytin mindet ekenin atap, búl mindetti abyroymen kýndelikti ómirge darytuda otbasy, bilim beru oryndary, enbek újymy siyaqty dәstýrli instituttardyng manyzdy ról atqaratynyn, olardyng yqpaly asa tiyimdi bolatynyn basa aita otyryp, «Bizding taghy bir asa manyzdy iydeologiyalyq mindetterimiz – qazaqstandyq patriotizmge tәrbiyeleu, әrbir azamattyng ózin ózi aiqyn biyleui» degen oiy qogham mýshelerine baghdarlamalyq baghyt bolar.

Qazaqstandyq patriottyq ústanymnyng negizi, onyng maqsaty, mindeti, mazmúny, týri, qúrylymy, әdisi, tәsili, zandylyqtary, qaghidattary, qúraldary bar. Eger patriottyq tәlim-tәrbie arnasynda solardyng birining negizderi bolmasa, ol jәy sóz bolyp qaluy mýmkin. Ózin ózi bilmegen adam ózgening kim ekenin týsinbeydi. Kez kelgen memleketting bilim beru jýiesi sol qoghamda ústanghan saya­satymen anyqtalady. Mysaly, Qazaqstan Respublikasynyng azamattaryna patriottyq tәrbie beruding 2006-2008 jyldargha arnalghan memlekettik baghdarlamasynda osy mәseleler anyq kórsetilgen bolatyn.

Býgingi әlemning kýrdeli tynysynda taghy bir mәseleni eskergen jón. Taza birjaqty últtyq tәrbie – keybir sәtte últaralyq týsinbeushilikke soqtyruy mýmkin. Postkenestik memleketter qaysybirinde bolyp jatqan qantógisti janjal, meninshe osynday sayasattyng saldary bolsa kerek. Ásirese, patriottyq tәrbiyede búl erekshe bilinedi. Áriyne, últtyq tәrbiyeni barshamyz birqalypty týsinip, onyng sharttaryn búljytpay oryndau – asa jauapty jәne kýrdeli is. Keybireuler «últtyq naqyshtar sol kýiinde bolsa eken» dese, al kelesiler «últtyq tәrbie qazirgi ómirmen baylanysty bolsa eken» deydi. Shyndyghynda, eski janamen ýilesim tauyp jatsa, ómirsheng keledi. Býgingi egemen Qazaqstannyng jaghdayynda patriotizm, últaralyq tatulyq jana maghynagha ie bolyp otyr.

Sebebi, Qazaqstandy Otanym dep biletin әrbir azamat tughan ólkesin sýiip, sonyng azamaty bolu, ony qorghau, әleumettik-ekonomikalyq, sayasy damuyna, órkendeuine óz ýlesin qosu dәstýri de bar. Múny, әsirese, qazaq últ ókilderinen basqa últ ókilderi jaqsy úghynuy tiyis. «Qos azamattyq», «Qos tildilik» degen úghymnyng ózi de birshama oilargha jeteleydi. Osy mәselege baylanysty qazaq azamattaryna keletin bolsaq, olar qazaqstandyq patriotizm, últaralyq tatulyqtyng kósh bastaushysy boluy tiyis. Qazaqstandyq patriotizm men últaralyq tatulyqqa tәrbiyeleuding joldary men qúraldary – ol týrli is-sharalar, tәrbie saghattary, gumanitarlyq pәnderding mazmúny. Qazaq balasyn últjandylyq, otanshyldyq sezimde tәrbiyeleu – bilim beruding mektepke deyingi jýiesinen joghary oqu ornyna deyingi barlyq úiymdardyng mindeti. HHI ghasyrda óz últyn sýigen, birlikte bolghan halyq qana tútastyghyn saqtap qalady.

Ata-baba saltynyng Jer-Anagha degen ystyq sezimi birinshi kezekte túrady. Mine, osy jalpy adamy qúndylyqtar jalpy tәrbie jýiesining izgilikti de iygi bas­taularyn qúraydy. Aynalandaghy últtar men úlystardyng eshqaysysyn alalamay, bәrining de tolyqqandy damuyna naqty jaghdaylar tughyzyp, kópetnosty eldegi sayasy túraqtylyqty qamtamasyz etu otansýigishtik sezimning tereng boylauyna múryndyq bola alady. Sonda ghana adamnyng jýreginde qazaqstandyq patriotizm seziminin, óz Otanyna degen perzenttik maqtanysh sezimning órken jayyp tamyrlanuyna negiz nyghayady. Yaghni, etnosaralyq integrasiyanyng bazasy emes, adamdardyng ózin ózi azamattyq biyleui, Qazaqstan halqynyng ajyramas bólshegi synayly sezimi qalyptasyp, boylay beredi. Halyqtyng patriottyq sezimin qalyptastyru ýshin býkil adamzat evolusiyasynda synnan ótip, pisip-jetilgen belgili alghysharttar atqaratyn mindet te manyzdy.

Kazirgi elimizde Otangha sýiispenshilik sezim qoghamdyq qatynastardy demokratiyalandyru, adamdy onyng ómirin, iygiligin, adamy ar-namysyn, qyzmetshige layyqty enbekaqy tóleu sharttary men ómir sapasyn joghary qúndylyq dep tanu negizinde, memlekette ilgerileushi әleumettik-ekonomikalyq sayasat jýrgizu barysynda qalyptastyrylady. Janarghan qazaqstandyq patriotizmning mazmúnyn qazirgi qogham men zamanauy ozyq mәdeniyet qúndylyqtarymen qatar, últtyq mәdeniyetting dәstýrli nyshandary, onyng airyqsha ruhanilyq, azattyq pen ónegelilikke údayy úmtylushylyq qúndylyqtary da qúraydy. Tarihymyzdyng tabighy dәstýrlerin saqtay otyryp, kazirgi zamanghy órkeniyetting meylinshe ozyq baghyttaryn iygere kele, otandastar tughan elin eng aldynghy qatarly shepte ústay alady. Búghan halqymyzdyng joghalmaghan, qayta, jana әleumettik ómir jaghdayynda jetilip tolysqan otansýigishtik sezimi senimdi kepil bolady.

Patriotizmdi qalyptastyru – búl qogham­nyng әleumettik tapsyrysynan nәr alatyn memlekettik mindet. Patriotizm ómirdin, jaghdaydyn, oqighanyng barlyq jekelegen qyrlary, halyq pen elding tútastyghy, biregeyligimen tikeley baylanystyra qaras­tyrylatyn qoghamdyq qatynastardyng mәni men qúndylyqtaryn zerdeleu tәsili ekeni de ayan. Otansýigishtik sezimdi tәrbiyeleu azamattyn, elding mәdeniyetining biregeyligi, әleumettin, halyqtyng minez-qúlqynyng tolymdy kórinisi men qoghamdyq ómirdi úiymdastyrudyng mәni men maqsattaryn payymdau arqyly jýieli iske asady. Patriotizm mindetti týrde túlghanyng joghary әleumettik belsendiligin ditteydi, óitkeni, onyng ózi enbekte tabystargha jetu ýshin, el-júrtqa, halyqqa qyzmet etu ýshin biyik serpin bolyp tabylady.

Ár otandas Qazaqstan tәuelsiz memleket bolyp jariyalanghannan keyingi uaqyttyng ishinde patriottyq baghyttaghy san-qily memlekettik, ghylymy jәne búqaralyq sýbeli sharalar oryndalyp kele jatqanynyng kuәsi desek, artyq bolmas. Kezinde týrki júrty qaghandary «týnde úiyqtamay, kýndiz otyrmay, qara terin tógip, qyzyl qanyn aghyzyp», «Mәngilik Eldin» irgesin qalap ketse, dәl osyny jana dәuirde Elbasymyz N.Á.Nazarbaev HHI ghasyrdaghy «Mәngilik El» iydeyasy túrghysynda, is jýzinde tarihy sabaqtastyqta jalghastyryp otyrghanyn erekshe atap kórsetken jón. Elbasynyng Joldauyndaghy Mәngilik El úghymyn últymyzdyng úly baghdary – «Qazaqstan-2050» Strategiyasynyng týp qazyghy deytin bolsaq, aqiqattan alys ketpespiz.

Núrtaza ABDOLLAEV,

Q.Júbanov atyndaghy Aqtóbe ónirlik memlekettik uniyversiytetining kafedra mengerushisi, tarih ghylymdarynyng doktory. 

Aqtóbe oblysy.

(Derekkóz: http://egemen.kz/2015/01/10/46846)

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